Drum Taps.—Walt Whitman

DRUM TAPS.—WALT WHITMAN.

The appearance of Walt Whitman's new book of poems, conjointly with Ward's "Indian Hunter,"¹ is not without significance. Both Whitman and Ward are representative men. In them, for the first time, the full strength of our American life receives expression—receives assertion. We have had in our Poetry and Art idealizations of loftier aspiration—imaginations of finer conceit—but they were not grounded in our soil; even though American in their reference, they were foreign to our New World; they belonged rather to some modern school of thought, than to our modern and American life—they were not the outgrowth of that new movement in civilization which America inaugurates.

In all human organizations, whether those of personal or of national life, there is the moment of consciousness as self, as individual—a moment full of original force.

This "I Am" of youth, may include more or less of meaning according to the status of organic development. The youthful self-assertion of one age implies more than the assertion of an anterior epoch. Life is an ever on- flowing tide; each successive wave strands the human consciousness upon a higher look-out. The earlier ages expressed their consciousness of life, through the imagination, by mythical rites and symbols. America now first in the world's history experiences this life as superior to all forms—as ever forming -itself never bounded by form—as the common life, common as the "leaves of grass"—as the great fraternizing element—as the all-sufficient—the vast, indomitable, sole Fact. In literature—Whitman, in art—Ward, are they who come forward to express this New-World self-assertion of ours, in all its boundless and fierce strength. Both fling aside the buskin and come down to the common ground; they state that which is, and thereby give the fact—the thing -its truest and highest idealization; for the fact—the thing—thus simply and absolutely given, is at once spiritual and material—is ideal.

As an artist—that is, as one who gives a complete and harmonious externalization to his feeling—Mr. Whitman is much inferior to Mr. Ward. Still the poet may be said to be more truly artistic than if he were more ostensibly so. He sets out to assert himself—the conscious American life as superior to restrictions of time and place, as all-containing, all-sanctifying. His inartistic looseness of style and expression is quite consistent with this mood. The poet, in consequence, presents himself to the mind as a more congruous and artistic whole than if he had modeled his verse in accordance with all the unities of Art.

In Whitman's last collection, we observe a much greater regard for beauty of form than the Leaves of Grass displayed. The latter work was full of the ungoverned vigor of life-consciousness; the present exhibits a tendency to define this vigor by lines of beauty. We accordingly discover greater regularity of rhythm, and more unity of conception in the grouping of details.

But our present object is to introduce an extract from Drum Taps, which may, we hope, incite the reader to a serious study of the works of its author—the most remarkable outgrowths of our New-World life. As the earlier poems were not a bouquet of garden flowers, but leaves of grass plucked by the handful from the bosom of nature, with here and there a wild blossom, fresh, juicy, wet with the dews of morning, so the recent ones—referring to that upheaving of the Great Life in human action which has marked our times—are not the elaborate martial strains of the parade-ground, but the vigorous "drums taps" of the column in march.

PIONEERS! O PIONEERS! 1. Come, my tan-faced children, Follow well in order, get your weapons ready; Have you your pistols? have you your sharp-edged  
 axes? Pioneers! O pioneers! 2. For we cannot tarry here, We must march my darlings, we must bear the  
 brunt of danger, We, the youthful sinewy races, all the rest on us  
 depend, Pioneers! O pioneers! 3. O you youths, western youths, So impatient, full of action, full of manly pride and  
 friendship, Plain I see you, western youths, see you tramping  
 with the foremost, Pioneers! O pioneers! 4. Have the elder races halted? Do they droop and end their lesson, wearied over  
 there beyond the seas? We take up the task eternal, and the burden and  
 the lesson, Pioneers? O pioneers! 5. All the past we leave behind; We debouch upon a newer, mightier world, varied  
 world; Fresh and strong the world we seize, world of la- 
 bor and the march, Pioneers! O pioneers! 6. We detachments steady throwing, Down the edges, through the passes, up the moun- 
 tains steep, Conquering, holding, daring, venturing, as we go,  
 the unknown ways, Pioneers! O pioneers! 7. We primeval forests felling, We the rivers stemming, vexing we, and piercing  
 deep the mines within; We the surface broad surveying, and the virgin  
 soil upheaving, Pioneers! O pioneers! 8. Colorado men are we, From the peaks gigantic, from the great sierras  
 and the high plateaus, From the mine and from the gulley, from the hunt- 
 ing trail we come, Pioneers! O pioneers! 9. From Nebraska, from Arkansas, Central inland race are we, from Missouri, with the  
 continental blood intervein'd; All the hands of comrades clasping, all the South- 
 ern, all the Northern, Pioneers! O pioneers! 10. O resistless, restless race! O beloved race in all! O my breast aches with ten- 
 der love for all! O I mourn and yet exalt—I am rapt with love for  
 all, Pioneers! O pioneers! 11. Raise the mighty mother mistress, Waving high the delicate mistress, over all the  
 starry mistress, (bend your heads all,) Raise the fang'd and warlike mistress, stern, impas- 
 sive, weaponed mistress, Pioneers! O pioneers! 12. See, my children, resolute children, By those swarms upon our rear, we must never  
 yield or falter, Ages back in ghostly millions, frowning there be- 
 hind us urging. Pioneers! O pioneers! 13. On and on, the compact ranks, With accessions ever waiting, with the places of  
 the dead quickly fill'd, Through the battle, through defeat, moving yet  
 and never stopping, Pioneers! O pioneers! 14. O to die advancing on! Are there some of us to droop and die? has the  
 hour come? Then upon the march we fittest die, soon and sure  
 the gap is fill'd, Pioneers! O pioneers! 15. All the pulses of the world, Falling in, they beat for us, with the western move- 
 ment beat; Holding single or together, steady moving, to the  
 front, all for us, Pioneers! O pioneers! 16. Life's involv'd and varied pageants, All the forms and shows, all the workmen at their  
 work, All the seamen and the landsmen, all the masters  
 with their slaves, Pioneers! O pioneers! 17. All the hapless silent lovers, All the prisoners in the prisons, all the righteous  
 and the wicked, All the joyous, all the sorrowing, all the living, all  
 the dying, Pioneers! O pioneers! 18. I too with my soul and body, We, a curious trio, picking, wandering on our way, Through these shores, amid the shadows, with the  
 apparitions pressing, Pioneers! O pioneers! 19. Lo! the darting bowling orb! Lo! the brother orbs around! all the clustering  
 suns and planets, All the dazzling days, all the mystic nights with  
 dreams, Pioneers! O pioneers! 20. These are of us, they are with us, All for primal needed work, while the followers  
 there in embryo wait behind, We to-day's procession heading, we the route for  
 travel clearing, Pioneers! O pioneers! 21. O you daughters of the West! O you young and elder daughters! O you mothers  
 and you wives! Never must you be divided, in our ranks you move  
 united, Pioneers! O pioneers! 22. Minstrels latent on the prairies! (Shrouded bards of other lands! you may sleep—  
 you have done your work;) Soon I hear you coming warbling, soon you rise  
 and tramp amid us, Pioneers! O pioneers! 23. Not for delectations sweet; Not the cushion and the slipper, not the peaceful  
 and the studious, Not the riches safe and palling, not for us the tame  
 enjoyment, Pioneers! O pioneers! 24. Do the feasters gluttonous feast? Do the corpulent sleepers sleep? have they lock'd  
 and bolted doors? Still be ours the diet hard, and the blanket on the  
 ground, Pioneers! O pioneers! 25. Has the night descended! Was the road of late so toilsome? did we stop dis- 
 couraged, nodding on our way? Yet a passing hour I yield you, in your tracks to  
 pause oblivious, Pioneers! O pioneers! 26. Till with sound of trumpet, Far, far off the day-break call—hark! how loud  
 and clear I hear it wind; Swift! to the head of the army!—swift! spring to  
 your places, Pioneers! O pioneers!

Modern verse has nowhere a nobler ring. This is our American war-song, good not only for the battle-field, but for the labor-field—the present, still more than the past; for ours are not the "piping times of peace;" our American life is on the march, filing through the passes of outgrown formalism, outflanking the hosts of slavery, gaining the mountain heights of an all-comprehending vision.

Pioneers! O Pioneers!

In our next number we shall give some extracts from Drum Taps, illustrative of the author's great power of word-picture-making, in which, as might be expected from his close hold upon the fact of life, he stands preminent among the poets of the times.

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