The idea that in the | Whitman Archive

Whitman Archive Title: The idea that in the

Whitman Archive ID: loc.00389

Repository: Catalog of the Walt Whitman Literary Manuscripts in The Charles E. Feinberg Collection of the Papers of Walt Whitman, 1839-1919, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Box: 32

Folder: "Ideas of Punishment-Reward, Woman, Liberty," draft

Series: Literary File

Date: Between 1854 and 1888

Genre: prose

Physical Description: 1 leaf, handwritten

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Content: This manuscript is written on the back of a City of Williamsburgh tax form. A later note, in Whitman's hand, claims that the manuscript was written in 1855. It is possible that one of the lines relates to the following segment from the prose preface of the 1855 Leaves of Grass : "the perfect equality of the female with the male . . . ." (1855, p. iv). Scholars, following Fredson Bowers, have generally assumed that Whitman used the Williamsburgh tax forms from 1857 to 1860, while he was working at the Brooklyn Daily Times . The city of Williamsburgh was incorporated with Brooklyn effective January 1855, so the forms would have been obsolete after that date ( Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] [Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1955], xli–xliii). Most of the manuscripts Whitman wrote on the tax forms can be dated to the late 1850s. Bowers also notes, however, that Whitman may have used the forms over a considerable span of time, and that "it is not impossible that Whitman had picked up these tax forms for scrap paper at Rome Brothers at some unknown date in 1854 or early 1855, or later" (xliii). At least two of the tax forms Whitman used were dated 1854 (see, for instance, "Vast national tracts" [loc.05354.html]), but as Edward Grier points out, this may not correspond to the date of Whitman's writing ( Notebooks and Unpublished Prose Manuscripts [New York: New York University Press, 1984], 5:1946). Whitman may have found a stack of obsolete Williamsburgh forms in 1857 that included discarded draft forms dated earlier. This manuscript is thus difficult to date conclusively, but it was almost certainly written after 1854 and probably before 1860. Based on a transcription of the manuscript in Horace Traubel's With Walt Whitman in Camden , the later note about the date of the manuscript must have been added before September 1888 ([New York: Mitchell Kennerley, 1915], 246).