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With each language were imported poetic, artistic, and cultural seeds.

Most of my friends were English.

And the consciousness of being the poet of such Americanness.

The city, and the countryside, everything. There is nothing.

cities.

The aesthetes were not long in reacting.

Though most of the pieces were written in conventional form, some of them were in free verse cut up so

He had thought he would be read, understood, absorbed by that American people, that American working

were to be found in America, they were millionaire Quakers from Philadelphia, and Mr.

It gives the notes, as it were.

Belgium," by Roger Asselineau, first appeared in Gay Wilson Allen, ed., Walt Whitman and the World (Iowa City

All of Laforgue's translations were later republished in the 1918 Nouvelle Revue Française edition, Walt

In their 1886 form, the Laforgue translations were published with the first French poems ever written

in vers libre , while the 1918 collection in which they were republished aimed to explode the singular

Roger Asselineau and Jacques Darras, who both taught American poetry in French universities.

14," in the 1860 edition of seem to be lost on all but one of the four translators.

consisted of the Poems alone—some months afterwards the extracts &c. prefacing the text, as here, were

the manuscripts, and these, along with other clues, suggested to Grier a range of dates during the 1860s

None of the manuscripts were published in Whitman's lifetime, though they share similarities with some

"Introductions Intended or American Editions of 'Leaves of Grass,'" Walt Whitman's Workshop (Cambridge

Недавно перелистывая фундаментальный английский журнал "Westminster Review" за 1860 г., я наткнулся на

Зимою 1860 года, когда Уитмэн подготовлял к печати третье издание своей книги, Эмерсон внезапно явился

"После чего,—прибавляет Уитмэн,—мы пошли и прекрасно пообедали в ресторане American House".

Недавно перелистывая фундаментальный английский журнал "Westminster Review" за 1860 г., я наткнулся на

But in the history of Russian literature there were earlier treatments of free verse in poetry.

In a review of foreign novels he writes: "English critics are strongly opposed to the American novel

He belongs to the old type of American workers.

In Germany he is known among learned men of letters more than any other contemporary American poets."

okhotnika' ['A Sportsman's Sketches'] I will send a few translated lyric poems of the remarkable American

make it easy to discern where one issue ends and another begins, as does the bound volume of the American

These pages were numbered with Roman numerals and when the issues were later microfilmed, all of the

monthly chronicles were placed at the beginning of the annual volume; in the bound volume, the chronicles

for city and land for land.

greatest city in the whole world.

what joys were thine!

It pleased him very much, yet the tears were in his eyes. He asked me if I enjoyed religion.

The rest were carried ashore and laid down in one place or another."

In the 1860 Leaves , the poem seems to draw its origins from two poems.

Indeed, if it were not for you, what would I be?

The Obermann Seminar participants were struck by the fact that the 1860 version of the poem had never

been translated into any of the languages we were examining.

We were struck too by the revealing admission of the fifth and sixth lines: "Indeed, if it were not for

Unlike most materials about "the great proletarian writer," these books were empty of all ideological

("Hey, Mitya, beat the American imperialists, beat them!")

Seuss, the American writer of poetry for children.

And his criticism of American life did not stop at poetic rhythm.

He appreciated the parts of Whitman's poetry that were critical of American society, or could at least

Entertainment, Improvement, and Progress between 1854 and 1861, after which the newspaper merged with the American

"Letters from Paumanok" and the "Sun-Down Papers," perhaps because he seeks to "dissect" New York City

The teaching assignments were for three-month terms and, like many schoolteachers during the early nineteenth

, the Dispatch claimed to have the "largest local circulation of the daily or weekly press of this City

it may have appeared in either the December 2 or December 9 issue of the Dispatch , if these issues were

Williamson and William Burns were arrested sometime before December 11, 1849 as part of a libel suit

The three articles included here were published as a series entitled “Letters from Paumanok," over the

1841), where he played a bemused urban observer of doings in the countryside, proved untenable in the city

Whitman's arrival at the Aurora coincided with Charles Dickens' visit to New York City in 1842.

the debate over the bill to pry Irish Catholic support away from the Democratic Party in New York City

Protestant-inflected curriculum of the Public School Society, led the fight for the Maclay Bill in the city

Whitman's tenure at the Brooklyn Daily Times paralleled the seemingly inexorable breakdown of the American

broad-based prosperity, a position he used to successfully secure the presidency in the election of 1860

As Whitman recalled to Horace Traubel in 1889 , "we were originally Democrats, but when the time came

we went over with a vengeance: it was no role, no play, for us: we were at once what the church would

Politics Journal of American History 2023 110 3 419–48 Lause, Mark A.

Waterworks constitutes one of his longest sets of texts published between the second (1856) and third (1860

Brooklyn Daily Times editorials, note that Whitman "fought for a good system of waterworks for the city

flimsy, cheap and temporary series of works that would have long since broken down, and disgraced the city

In 1858, for instance, as the city council debated a revision to the ongoing construction, the project

and suggest that while the late 1850s may have been a period of struggle for Whitman the poet they were

residents of the town of Williamsburgh, along the East River across from the Lower East Side of New York City

When Williamsburgh was incorporated into the city of Brooklyn in 1854, the paper changed its name to

incorporation into Brooklyn, the Brooklyn Daily Times became one of the three daily papers for the city

By 1860, the Eagle , according to its own reckoning, had a circulation of 6,200 daily readers, while

Nevertheless, soon after its rebranding, the Daily Times won a city contract to serve as the official

range of contexts" and there "is evidence he befriended some of the officers he met; [as such] they were

Times served as Whitman's primary, though not exclusive, employer between the second (1856) and third (1860

Whitman's writings on policing for the Brooklyn Daily Times come at a crucial moment in the history of American

While this transition was relatively smooth in Brooklyn, it led to outright rioting in New York City,

Few Impressions of Walt Whitman The Conservator June 1896 57 Greenspan, Ezra Walt Whitman and the American

Lawrence (see selection 27 and Studies in Classic American Literature ).

The chance of this might be formidable were it not ridiculous.

This is what he calls "robust American love."

At bottom his political views were limited by his own gospel of egoism.

Inanimate Nature and animals were all to be accepted; they were what they were, part of the process of

Wynn Thomas, first appeared in Gay Wilson Allen, ed., Walt Whitman and the World (Iowa City: University

They longed for an American discovery of America.

In Freire's eyes, Whitman's Americanism was pan-human, not pan-American, and Whitman was thus on the

Americanism.

In his opinion—that is what his Americanism seems to indicate, an Americanism to which we can perhaps

All things were his brothers.

piece originally appeared in Gay Wilson Allen and Ed Folsom, ed., Walt Whitman and the World (Iowa City

revised, and much shorter, version of the fourteenth poem in the "Chants Democratic" cluster of the 1860

In his view, the American poet offered new and superior models of love and showed "how to love oneself

Like most critics in his time, Gamberale believed that Whitman's lines were "prose, and nothing else.

He thus translated "Poets to Come" as if it were a prose poem and applied to Whitman's English language

In this context, the "you" is definitely American.

Marina Camboni's translation of the poem that would later become "Poets to Come," as it appears in the 1860

Some of his poems were not translated until the twenty-first century, and others still remain unknown

Międzyrzecki's translation of "Poets to Come" appeared in a collection of American poetry meaningfully

Both translators were active in the first decade of the new millennium—Boczkowski published his first

While there were no real problems with translating the dynamics of the latter—rendered as pędzę nazad

Only by reading the 1860 edition, which has never been translated into Polish, could a Polish reader

Donchin reminds us that Russian Symbolists "'greedily drank at all the new sources of Western art that were

available,' they were typically 'men of the renaissance,' they felt bound to know foreign languages,

they were 'humanists in the sense of erudition'" (Donchin, 9; Aničkov, 51-52).

For his prose limning of the giant bolder of cities, Balʹmont has borrowed from this poem the "city of

that his own creative powers as translator were even more impressively enlivened by the American bard's

International Congress held in Mexico City in 1901.

Here it has the unmistakable ring of celebratory pan-Americanism.

[I once passed through a populous city...]

Once I Pass'd through a Populous City Camino de las Indias Orientales [Road to the East Indies] This

The poems of Walt Whitman were known in Germany before 1868.

the major publishing contexts for Whitman editions in Spanish have been Barcelona, Madrid, Mexico City

Álvaro Armando Vasseur (1878–1969) is the first Latin American known to have translated Walt Whitman's

Born in Montevideo, Uruguay, to two French diplomats, Vasseur was proud of his Latin Americanness, and

In his work, Vasseur appeals to the pride of his fellow Latin Americans by asserting Latin America's

Perhaps in part as a result of fascist censorship, Concha Zardoya eliminates the Latin American bias

This introduction and part of the translation that appears here were originally published as Matt Cohen

Scholars have identified Vasseur’s translation as instrumental in accelerating Latin American poetry’

Congress held in Mexico City in 1901; Miguel de Unamuno translated some in 1906.

Only with Vasseur’s edition did Whitman become available and important to generations of Latin American

For more on Whitman’s role in Latin American literary aesthetics see Santí, “The Accidental Tourist”;

The first page of "Arrow-Tip" in The Aristidean features an illustration of a Native American, presumably

The title character of the novella is the Native American "Arrow-Tip," who is falsely accused of both

Early in the tale, the reader is introduced to Boddo, a character whose mother is Native American and

Other fiction in which Whitman presents or focuses on Native American characters includes " The Death

In that it features a group of white settlers banding against a Native American character, this early

.; See Frank Luther Mott, A History of American Magazines: 1741–1850, vol. 1 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard

A Fact"), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

as a work of serial fiction (August 29–30, 1845) about two months after the story appeared in The American

cents each January 1856: 93 copies in "cloth plain" at 22 cents each Bindings in June and July 1855 were

Cloth bindings in December 1855 and January 1856 were probably binding B, with blindstamped ornaments

If this statement reflects the amount that was eventually paid and no additional copies were bound, the

Whitman varied in his reports of how many copies were printed.

Bibliography of American Literature , Vol. 9 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991), 31–2.

Bibliography of American Literature papers.

American Literary History , 15.2 (Summer 2003): 248–75. Nierman, Judith. "Walt Whitman's ."

"More About the 'Publication' of the First American Literature 28.4 (1957): 516–17.

Others, it seems, were rarely reprinted at all.

The stories were soon circulated widely again since they were then reprinted, with the accompanying illustrations

were designated as having been authored by "W.

The Dollar Newspaper , "Pay of American Writers."

The publishers were likely more generous with well-known writers than they were with Whitman, but The

'the banner city of Washingtonianism'" (qtd. 307).

were relegated to disappear into an American history.

with Native Americans in "Song of Myself."

In Chants Democratic: New York City & the Rise of the American Working Class, 1788–1850 , 306–314.

Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2014. Winwar, Frances.

Another 196 were bound in paper or boards.

One reason the copies of these books were distinct was because the printed gatherings were not bound

Two stages of what were probably B bindings were noted in December 1855 and January 1856; one of the

Several of the copies were offered for sale at stores in New York and Brooklyn after they were printed

Several of the reviews also were included in the 1860 pamphlet Imprints , produced and promoted by Thayer

So konnte er denn auch etwa an den Schluß der dritten Auflage von 1860 bereits das Gedicht „Lebwohl“

Die dritte, Bostoner Ausgabe der „Grashalme“ von 1860 war in etwa fünftausend Exemplaren verkauft und

Es wurde, abgesehen von der Ausgabe von 1860, die erste äußerlich würdige Ausgabe seines Werkes.

Die Frauen des Westens Kansas City.

Worauf wir weggingen und ein gutes Mittagessen im „American House“ einnahmen.

Die zweite ebenfalls im Selbstverlag, New York 1856. 1860 folgte die 3.

Träger heranzukommen, Das Echo, das durch das leere Gebäude schallt; Das riesige Lagerhaus, das in der City

Above all, it was the contributions of American artists that piqued his editorial interest.

He focused in particular on the growing presence of American artists in exhibitions hosted by such prominent

institutions as the Brooklyn Institute, the American Art-Union, the National Academy of Design, and

Free exhibitions such as those organized by the American Art-Union drew special praise as did the sale

Historical subjects, portraits, biblical scenes, city views, botanical specimens, genre scenes, fashion

It was the first of nine Whitman short stories that were published for the first time in the journal—the

In fact, four of the five most often reprinted pieces of Whitman's short fiction were first published

"Pay of American Writers," The Dollar Newspaper , September 13, 1843, [3].

Both the Madison Weekly Herald and The Dollar Newspaper were correct in their assessment of the wide

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

complete article, which focuses primarily on Whitman's life and writing in the late 1850s and early 1860s

, "To the Editor of the Boston Morning Post," Boston Morning Post, August 4, 1841, [2].; "Pay of American

Magazine), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

work of serial fiction (August 29–30, 1845) about two months after the story was reprinted in The American

It was the second of nine Whitman short stories that were published for the first time in the journal—the

The Washington temperance societies, part of the Washingtonian temperance movement, were popular in New

Bervance in " Bervance: or, Father and Son " and even the unsympathetic Unrelenting, a Native American

in the School-Room,' contributed by the same writer to a preceding number of the Democratic Review, were

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

The Washington temperance societies, part of the Washingtonian temperance movement, were popular in New

Masculinity in 1840s Temperance Narratives," in Sentimental Men: Masculinity and the Politics of Affect in American

A Fact"), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

work of serial fiction (August 29–30, 1845), about two months after the story was reprinted in The American

It was the seventh of nine Whitman short stories that were published for the first time in the journal—the

In fact, four of the five most often reprinted pieces of Whitman's short fiction were first published

In the article, the writer claims, "Recently were published, the sketch of 'Death in the School Room'

and a 'Legend of Life and Love,' both of which, as they respectively appeared, were copied by three

"Pay of American Writers," The Dollar Newspaper , September 13, 1843, [3].

.; "Pay of American Writers," The Dollar Newspaper, September 13, 1843, [3].; For more information about

A Fact"), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

work of serial fiction (August 29–30, 1845) about two months after the story was published in The American

Whitman worked as a compositor for the paper in May 1841 after he moved from Long Island to New York City

The Washington temperance societies, part of the Washingtonian temperance movement, were popular in New

Masculinity in 1840s Temperance Narratives," in Sentimental Men: Masculinity and the Politics of Affect in American

Bervance in " Bervance: or, Father and Son ," and the vengeful, unwavering Native American chief, the

Masculinity in 1840s Temperance Narratives," in Sentimental Men: Masculinity and the Politics of Affect in American

The story's narrator is a young man who meets the widow when he is on respite from the city, and Whitman

begins the tale by expounding upon the merits of the rural village and the vices of the city, revealing

The tale was even reprinted in the British journal The Great Western Magazine and Anglo-American Journal

See Walter Whitman, "The Tomb-Blossoms," The Great Western Magazine and Anglo-American Journal 1 (July

On the same date as the illustrated "Posthumous Sketch" reprints were published, October 23, 1892, The

.; See Walter Whitman, "The Tomb-Blossoms," The Great Western Magazine and Anglo-American Journal 1 (

It was the fifth of nine Whitman short stories that were published for the first time in the journal—the

On May 27, 1869, portions of "The Last of the Sacred Army" were reprinted as part of a newspaper article

the Sacred Army of the Revolution, written by a now venerable and highly respected citizen of this city

Tribune (Daily) (Salt Lake City, UT) and in the Salt Lake Weekly Tribune (Salt Lake City, UT) on June

The illustrated versions of the story, as well as the repeated insistence that the later reprints were

It was the sixth of nine short stories that were published for the first time in the journal—the eight

He shows neither mercy nor sympathy for the American armies or for the local civilians.

Likewise, when he and his younger son were several miles from home, the elder Slade had too much to drink

Slade and Reuben were out in the cold rain, and Reuben became an invalid because he never entirely recovered

Experience meetings were important parts of Washington temperance societies' compassionate approach to

Washington temperance societies, which were named after George Washington, were part of the Washingtonian

Holloway announced both finds in the January 1956 issue of American Literature .

"Temperance in the Bed of a Child," in Dependent States: The Child's Part in Nineteenth-Century American

Masculinity in 1840s Temperance Narratives," in Sentimental Men: Masculinity and the Politics of Affect in American

Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 24, 1842, [2].; See Emory Holloway, "More Temperance Tales by Whitman," American

It was the third of nine Whitman short stories that were published for the first time in the journal—the

children, the violent, drunken sailor in " The Child's Champion ," and the vengeful, unwavering Native American

The major plot events of Whitman's "The Reformed" were not altered for the later printing as "Little

Marchion's, which were often shared at "experience meetings," was an important part of the Washington

The Washington temperance societies, part of the Washingtonian temperance movement, were popular in New

The New York City printer Benjamin H. Day founded The Sun in 1833.

See Anthony Fellow, "Benjamin Day and The New York Sun " in American Media History (Boston: Wadsworth

The major plot events of Whitman's "The Reformed" were not altered for the later printing as "Little

"; See Anthony Fellow, "Benjamin Day and The New York Sun" in American Media History (Boston: Wadsworth

A Fact"), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

"Temperance in the Bed of a Child," in Dependent States: The Child's Part in Nineteenth-Century American

the novel, an "antiquarian"—an expert on local history in New York—relates the tale of a Native American

son, Wind-Foot, to main character Franklin Evans on the journey from rural Long Island to New York City

antiquarian prefaces the story with a warning about the detrimental effects of alcohol on Native Americans

The American Review was a monthly journal published in New York and edited by George H.

Stephen Rachman, " American Whig Review ," in Walt Whitman: An Encyclopedia , 20.

.; Wesley Allen Riddle, "Culture and Politics: The American Whig Review, 1845–1852," Humanitas 8.1 (1995

): 44.; Riddle, "Culture and Politics," 46.; Stephen Rachman, "American Whig Review," in Walt Whitman

: An Encyclopedia, 20.; Riddle, "Culture and Politics," 48.; "Introductory," The American Review: A Whig

A Fact"), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

Belief in spirits formed the foundation of modern American spiritualism, a popular nineteenth-century

See Frank Luther Mott, "The Columbian Lady's and Gentleman's Magazine," in A History of American Magazines

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

it was reprinted under the title "A Spirit Record" in The Press (Philadelphia, PA) on January 20, 1860

A description of The American Historical Annual can be found in Joel Myerson's bibliography of Whitman's

Belief in spirits formed the foundation of modern American spiritualism, a popular nineteenth-century

moment.; See Frank Luther Mott, "The Columbian Lady's and Gentleman's Magazine," in A History of American

A Fact"), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

and Odd-Fellows' Literary Magazine 1.2 (May 1850), 63–64; "A Spirit Record," The Press, January 20, 1860

to the beginning of the story and changing the title to "The Boy-Lover" before sending it to The American

After "The Boy-Lover" was published in The American Review , Whitman later reprinted it under that title

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

as a work of serial fiction (August 29–30, 1845) about two months after the story appeared in The American

Several of the revisions Whitman made to the American Review version of "The Boy-Lover" (1845) prior

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

as a work of serial fiction (August 29–30, 1845) about two months after the story appeared in The American