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of these states that they are to hold sway over physical objects, over armies, navies, wealth, population

Hudson's 'Thoughts on Reading,' American Whig Review, 1 (May 1845), 483–496, which he clipped and annotated

Hudson's 'Thoughts on Reading,' American Whig Review, 1 (May 1845), 483–496, which he clipped and annotated

or allusion to them whatever, except as they relate to the new, present things—to our country—to American

Whitman reworked some of those ideas on ornament and they appear in the poem "Says" in the 1860 edition

Whitman reworked some of those ideas on ornament and they appear in the poem "Says" in the 1860 edition

. ix).; Whitman reworked some of those ideas on ornament and they appear in the poem "Says" in the 1860

for ornaments nothing outre can be allowed, / And that anything is most beautiful without ornament" (1860

.— It was a part of architecture—the temple was not stood unfinished without statues, and so they were

built made with reference to the temple—they were not made abstractly by themselves.— give a similar

1 Slavery—the Slaveholders—The Constitution—the true America and Americans, the laboring persons.— The

meanest of lies liars is the American aristocratic liar who with his palter s ing and stutter over denial

meanings purports intentions allotments and foundations requirements of the Bargain called it of the American

— 13 Well what is this American Republic for?

—In Massachusetts too were very intolerant religious tests.

References to the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 indicate that parts of this manuscript were likely written

characteristic Whitman fashion, from fragments large and small, with several discontinuities" which were

tropes, likenesses, piano music, and smooth rhymes — nor of This manuscript probably dates to the early 1860s

the leaf (duk.00795), which contains draft lines that contributed to poems first published in the 1860

these years I sing...]" and to "Apostroph," the opening section of "Chants Democratic and Native American

Both poems first appeared in the 1860–1861 edition of Leaves of Grass. America needs her own poems

This manuscript probably dates to the early 1860s, as it appears to have been inscribed after the writing

the leaf (duk.00795), which contains draft lines that contributed to poems first published in the 1860

these years I sing...]" and to "Apostroph," the opening section of "Chants Democratic and Native American

Both poems first appeared in the 1860–1861 edition of Leaves of Grass.

I think if there were nothing more developed, the clam in its callous shell in the sand, were august

/ If nothing lay more developed the quahaug and its callous shell were enough. / Mine is no callous shell

includes ideas and phrases that resemble those used in "Unnamed Lands," a poem published first in the 1860

includes ideas and phrases that resemble those used in "Unnamed Lands," a poem published first in the 1860

doubtless the case The The most immense share part of a A ncient History is altogether unknown ,— There were

Powerful, busy, and populous, and powerful nations, existed, on all the continents of the earth, at

busy populous and powerful nations on all the continents of the earth ; and doubtless for the certain

surely empires, cities cities, states pastoral tribes and uncivilized hordes upon the earth.

— 189 the feeling of war and war and justice and who were witty and wise, —and who were brutish and undeveloped—and

includes ideas and phrases that resemble those used in "Unnamed Lands," a poem published first in the 1860

The manuscript was therefore probably written between 1855 and 1860, and at one time likely formed part

See, for instance, the lines: "What vast-built cities—What orderly republics—What pastoral tribes and

phrenology, / What of liberty and slavery among them—What they thought of death and the Soul, / Who were

, / Some prowling through woods—Some living peaceably on farms, laboring, reaping, filling barns" (1860

It is wh were unworthy a live man to pray or complain, no matter what should happen s .

These lines were present in the first version of the poem in 1855, so it seems likely that the manuscript

It were unworthy a live

These lines were present in the first version of the poem in 1855, so it seems likely that the manuscript

think it would be best not at all to bother with arguments against the foreign models, or to help American

models—but just go on supplying American models Not to blaat constantly for Native American models,

—The best way to promulge Native American models and literature, is to supply such forcible and s p u

.— Life, to both poor and rich, in great cities, is an excitement and a struggle!

very little of the shifts and frequent desperations of of the life existence of the poor in great cities—which

counterbalance the supreme advantages that, ( writers reasoners may say what they like,) make the city

very extreme, against the smart patent leather, delicate soled article, which even our hardy young city

we pass often.— ¶ Then Reader , did you ever notice, the Intelligence Offices, scattered about the city

despair went through his side from him , when he saw that the black dressed mourners who stood nearest were

when they reach one rod from the stoop, and st ood anding in the storm, of not one sound could they were

Many were spent in travel—some in the pursuit of power and wealth—which pursuit was successful.

the patter of horses' hoofs sounded rapidly on the road—but the beatings of the traveller's heart were

—He came in the day, when crowds were in the rooms—though all to him was a vacant blank—all but the corpse

—And at last he came in the silence of the midnight before the burial, when the tired watchers were asleep

—He bent down his ear to the cold blue lips and listened—but the cold blue lips were hushed for ever.

A line from this manuscript appears in "Poem of Joys," first published in the 1860 edition of Leaves

A line from this manuscript appears in "Poem of Joys," first published in the 1860 edition of Leaves

of Leaves of Grass.; A line from this manuscript appears in "Poem of Joys," first published in the 1860

edition of Leaves of Grass: "No fumes—no ennui—no more complaints or scornful criticisms" (1860, p.

Edward Grier notes that the handwriting of this manuscript "suggests an early date, possibly before 1860

Edward Grier notes that the handwriting of this manuscript "suggests an early date, possibly before 1860

This manuscript was probably written in the mid- to late 1860s shortly before publication in 1869.

This manuscript was probably written in the mid- to late 1860s shortly before publication in 1869.; These

the partition of in my nostrils; nose; I say that All the churches ever built now standing fail of were

ultimately titled "A Song for Occupations," and part of a cluster titled "Debris" that appeared in the 1860

ultimately titled "A Song for Occupations," and part of a cluster titled "Debris" that appeared in the 1860

uva.00251), this manuscript may also relate to lines 39-43 in "Debris," a cluster published in the 1860

and confound them, / You shall see me showing a scarlet tomato, and a white pebble from the beach" (1860

Remembrances I plant American ground with, for you young men Lessons to think, I diffuse scatter in the

Written on the back of this leaf is a list of rivers, lakes, and cities that may have contributed to

Remembrances I plant American ground

.; Written on the back of this leaf is a list of rivers, lakes, and cities that may have contributed

.— This manuscript consists of draft lines that were published first under the title "Poem of Many in

This manuscript consists of draft lines that were published first under the title "Poem of Many in One

"; This manuscript contains draft lines that were published first under the title "Poem of Many in One

a thing as a touch has unhaltered The similarity of this manuscript to other drafts of lines that were

includes ideas and phrases that resemble those used in "Unnamed Lands," a poem published first in the 1860

The similarity of this manuscript to other drafts of lines that were used in poems published in the 1855

includes ideas and phrases that resemble those used in "Unnamed Lands," a poem published first in the 1860

To t T he States, or any one of them, or any city of The States, Resist much , Obey little, Once unquestioning

obedience, once fully enslaved, Once fully enslaved, no nation, race, city, of this earth, ever afterward

"Walt Whitman's Caution" was first published as one of the "Messenger Leaves" in the 1860 edition of

manuscript was likely composed in the years immediately preceding the poem's first publication in 1860

"Walt Whitman's Caution" was first published as one of the "Messenger Leaves" in the 1860 edition of

manuscript was likely composed in the years immediately preceding the poem's first publication in 1860

.; "Walt Whitman's Caution" was first published as one of the "Messenger Leaves" in the 1860 edition

—If they were repulsive nd brave he inscribed these monuments This manuscript is an adaptation of notes

visit to Egypt," two sets of manuscript notes about Egypt that Edward Grier dates to between 1855 and 1860

Both manuscripts were probably written shortly before or early in 1855, though the notes on the backing

show the continuation of the text on both paste-ons with text on the notebook leaves from which they were

visit to Egypt," two sets of manuscript notes about Egypt that Edward Grier dates to between 1855 and 1860

Both manuscripts were probably written shortly before or early in 1855, though the notes on the backing

sheet to which they have been pasted may have been written at a later date.; These notes were probably

show the continuation of the text on both paste-ons with text on the notebook leaves from which they were

the back of this leaf likely contributed to "Song of Myself" (1855) and the poem-cluster "Debris" (1860

the back of this leaf likely contributed to "Song of Myself" (1855) and the poem-cluster "Debris" (1860

—Our two were on the way to Philadelphia?

. — If Though I were opposed by what I felt the science linguists and lore of the whole earth deny what

identical with the per years ago—and he was satisfied they were of that distant date.

Both manuscript scraps were probably written shortly before or early in 1855, though the notes on the

show the continuation of the text on both paste-ons with text on the notebook leaves from which they were

reverse of this paste-on, which would have been the only vertically oriented text in the notebook, were

Both manuscript scraps were probably written shortly before or early in 1855, though the notes on the

show the continuation of the text on both paste-ons with text on the notebook leaves from which they were

reverse of this paste-on, which would have been the only vertically oriented text in the notebook, were

German and the Scandinavian Based on the handwriting, Edward Grier dates this manuscript to before 1860

Based on the handwriting, Edward Grier dates this manuscript to before 1860 (Notebooks and Unpublished

manuscript also resemble lines 39–43 in the untitled fourteenth poem of the "Debris" cluster of the 1860

manuscript also resemble lines 39–43 in the untitled fourteenth poem of the "Debris" cluster of the 1860

the last few lines of this manuscript resemble lines 39-43 in "Debris," a cluster published in the 1860

and confound them, / You shall see me showing a scarlet tomato, and a white pebble from the beach" (1860

John & Mary) had 8 daughters and two sons—the men father & sons all followed the water—were expert sailors—Capt

operas— and first tenor of and of all tenors—and first of all violins and first violins,—for they were

manuscript is almost certainly from much earlier, however, based on the lines on the back of the leaf that were

manuscript is almost certainly from much earlier, however, based on the lines on the back of the leaf that were

Another series of draft lines on the back of this leaf were published as part of "Poem of Many in One

.; Another series of draft lines on the back of this leaf were published as part of "Poem of Many in

These lines were removed from the final version of the poem.; On the back of this manuscript is a poetry

& Divides Austria from Italy Tiber, Papal states Arno, Tuscany —Dnieper —Volga —Ural inland lakes Cities

Dresden 85,000 Saxony, Hanover, 40,000 Many of the items from this list of European rivers, lakes, and cities

were included in "Poem of Salutation" in the 1856 edition of Leaves of Grass, suggesting that this manuscript

Many of the items from this list of European rivers, lakes, and cities were included in "Poem of Salutation

Whitman's cultural geography scrapbook.; Many of the items from this list of European rivers, lakes, and cities

were included in "Poem of Salutation" in the 1856 edition of Leaves of Grass.

In the 1860 edition of Leaves, and in all subsequent editions, the poem was titled "Salut Au Monde!"

or special permits for any business, whatever. no matter what. tr down ( —Whatever The control the City

my grandmother Whitman) had only one brother, who died a young man—(the grave-stones from his grave were

The notes are similar to many of Whitman's other jottings about family in the 1850s and 1860s.

The notes are similar to many of Whitman's other jottings about family in the 1850s and 1860s.

—Every few miles there were large towns and villages.— On Wednesday evening arrived in Albany.

The notes were later used as the basis for an article entitled "New Orleans in 1848" that appeared in

The notes were later used as the basis for an article entitled "New Orleans in 1848" that appeared in

The article was reprinted in November Boughs.; These notes were used as the basis for an article entitled

Whitman or a collector bound together the items, which are on different sizes and types of paper and were

Whitman or a collector bound together the items, which are on different sizes and types of paper and were

Ontario's Shore," was retained through subsequent editions of Leaves, although the line was dropped after 1860

supplied last two lines on the recto, starting with "I see you and stand before you driver of horses," were

supplied last two lines on the recto, starting with "I see you and stand before you driver of horses," were

combination of "Love" and "Dilation or Pride" is also articulated in "Chants Democratic" (No. 4) in the 1860

Leaves of Grass, later titled "Our Old Feuillage": "Encircling all, vast-darting up and wide, the American

— Based on the handwriting, Edward Grier dates this manuscript scrap to before 1860 (Notebooks and Unpublished

the poem that would later be titled "Recorders Ages Hence," first published as "Calamus 10" in the 1860

Based on the handwriting, Edward Grier dates this manuscript scrap to before 1860 (Notebooks and Unpublished

the poem that would later be titled "Recorders Ages Hence," first published as "Calamus 10" in the 1860

This note is possibly related to the poem "Recorders Ages Hence," first published in Leaves of Grass (1860

Both manuscript drafts were probably originally continuous with manuscript drafts on another leaf, from

"; Both manuscript drafts were probably originally continuous with manuscript drafts on another leaf,

herself; Of Equality—As if it harmed me, giving others the same chances and rights as myself— As if it were

This manuscript was probably composed in the late 1850s or in 1860 as Whitman was preparing the 1860

It is a draft of No. 4 of the "Thoughts" cluster published first in the 1860 edition.

ownership);" the second line was published as "Thought (Of Equality);" and the third and fourth lines were

This manuscript was probably composed in the late 1850s or in 1860 as Whitman was preparing the 1860

It is a draft of No. 4 of the "Thoughts" cluster published first in the 1860 edition.

ownership);" the second line was published as "Thought (Of Equality);" and the third and fourth lines were

"; This manuscript is a draft of No. 4 of the "Thoughts" cluster published first in the 1860 edition

"; The third and fourth lines of this draft were published as "Thought (Of Justice).

been suggested that this is Nathaniel Bloom, a member of [Whitman]'s circle of friends in the early 1860s

Bloom, carman,' as listed in the [New York City] directories for 1854–1855" (Notebooks and Unpublished

been suggested that this is Nathaniel Bloom, a member of [Whitman]'s circle of friends in the early 1860s

Bloom, carman,' as listed in the [New York City] directories for 1854–1855" (Notebooks and Unpublished

through slush and sand toilsome, the mortar dragging, "Patroling Barnegat" was published first in The American

"Patroling Barnegat" was published first in The American in June 1880.

manuscript was composed between May and June, 1880.; "Patroling Barnegat" was published first in The American

This manuscript is written on the back of a City of Williamsburgh tax form.

Fredson Bowers, have generally assumed that Whitman used the Williamsburgh tax forms from 1857 to 1860

The city of Williamsburgh was incorporated with Brooklyn effective January 1855, so the forms would have

been obsolete after that date (Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] [Chicago: University of

At least two of the tax forms Whitman used were dated 1854 (see, for instance, "Vast national tracts"

This manuscript is written on the back of a City of Williamsburgh tax form.

Fredson Bowers, have generally assumed that Whitman used the Williamsburgh tax forms from 1857 to 1860

The city of Williamsburgh was incorporated with Brooklyn effective January 1855, so the forms would have

been obsolete after that date (Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] [Chicago: University of

At least two of the tax forms Whitman used were dated 1854 (see, for instance, "Vast national tracts"

.— and American the last first degree, through nature, them in erence which repeatable terrible license

It appears to be part of a draft of a review essay by Whitman titled "An English and an American Poet

Whitman published the essay anonymously in the American Phrenological Journal in October 1855, and he

It appears to be part of a draft of a review essay by Whitman titled "An English and an American Poet

Whitman published the essay anonymously in the American Phrenological Journal in October 1855, and he

fragment appears to be part of a draft of the essay, written by Whitman, titled "An English and an American

Whitman published the essay anonymously in the American Phrenological Journal in October 1855, and he

Poetry, to Tennyson and his British and American eleves, is a gentleman of the first degree, boating,

includes ideas and phrases that resemble those used in "Unnamed Lands," a poem published first in the 1860

includes ideas and phrases that resemble those used in "Unnamed Lands," a poem published first in the 1860

of money; she and the daughter and the latter's husband Richard Colyer settled down in the farm and were

must have been buried at Huntington village, for I remember seeing numerous old grave stones that were

—The stones I saw were brought away, lest they might be despoiled, and somehow, when the war passed over

, they were never returned.

—The largest trees near it, that I remember, appear to have been cut down.— The Whitmans were among the