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make it easy to discern where one issue ends and another begins, as does the bound volume of the American

These pages were numbered with Roman numerals and when the issues were later microfilmed, all of the

monthly chronicles were placed at the beginning of the annual volume; in the bound volume, the chronicles

Entertainment, Improvement, and Progress between 1854 and 1861, after which the newspaper merged with the American

"Letters from Paumanok" and the "Sun-Down Papers," perhaps because he seeks to "dissect" New York City

The teaching assignments were for three-month terms and, like many schoolteachers during the early nineteenth

, the Dispatch claimed to have the "largest local circulation of the daily or weekly press of this City

it may have appeared in either the December 2 or December 9 issue of the Dispatch , if these issues were

Williamson and William Burns were arrested sometime before December 11, 1849 as part of a libel suit

The three articles included here were published as a series entitled “Letters from Paumanok," over the

1841), where he played a bemused urban observer of doings in the countryside, proved untenable in the city

Whitman's arrival at the Aurora coincided with Charles Dickens' visit to New York City in 1842.

the debate over the bill to pry Irish Catholic support away from the Democratic Party in New York City

Protestant-inflected curriculum of the Public School Society, led the fight for the Maclay Bill in the city

Whitman's tenure at the Brooklyn Daily Times paralleled the seemingly inexorable breakdown of the American

broad-based prosperity, a position he used to successfully secure the presidency in the election of 1860

As Whitman recalled to Horace Traubel in 1889 , "we were originally Democrats, but when the time came

we went over with a vengeance: it was no role, no play, for us: we were at once what the church would

Politics Journal of American History 2023 110 3 419–48 Lause, Mark A.

Waterworks constitutes one of his longest sets of texts published between the second (1856) and third (1860

Brooklyn Daily Times editorials, note that Whitman "fought for a good system of waterworks for the city

flimsy, cheap and temporary series of works that would have long since broken down, and disgraced the city

In 1858, for instance, as the city council debated a revision to the ongoing construction, the project

and suggest that while the late 1850s may have been a period of struggle for Whitman the poet they were

residents of the town of Williamsburgh, along the East River across from the Lower East Side of New York City

When Williamsburgh was incorporated into the city of Brooklyn in 1854, the paper changed its name to

incorporation into Brooklyn, the Brooklyn Daily Times became one of the three daily papers for the city

By 1860, the Eagle , according to its own reckoning, had a circulation of 6,200 daily readers, while

Nevertheless, soon after its rebranding, the Daily Times won a city contract to serve as the official

range of contexts" and there "is evidence he befriended some of the officers he met; [as such] they were

Times served as Whitman's primary, though not exclusive, employer between the second (1856) and third (1860

Whitman's writings on policing for the Brooklyn Daily Times come at a crucial moment in the history of American

While this transition was relatively smooth in Brooklyn, it led to outright rioting in New York City,

Few Impressions of Walt Whitman The Conservator June 1896 57 Greenspan, Ezra Walt Whitman and the American

The first page of "Arrow-Tip" in The Aristidean features an illustration of a Native American, presumably

The title character of the novella is the Native American "Arrow-Tip," who is falsely accused of both

Early in the tale, the reader is introduced to Boddo, a character whose mother is Native American and

Other fiction in which Whitman presents or focuses on Native American characters includes " The Death

In that it features a group of white settlers banding against a Native American character, this early

.; See Frank Luther Mott, A History of American Magazines: 1741–1850, vol. 1 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard

A Fact"), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

as a work of serial fiction (August 29–30, 1845) about two months after the story appeared in The American

Others, it seems, were rarely reprinted at all.

The stories were soon circulated widely again since they were then reprinted, with the accompanying illustrations

were designated as having been authored by "W.

The Dollar Newspaper , "Pay of American Writers."

The publishers were likely more generous with well-known writers than they were with Whitman, but The

'the banner city of Washingtonianism'" (qtd. 307).

were relegated to disappear into an American history.

with Native Americans in "Song of Myself."

In Chants Democratic: New York City & the Rise of the American Working Class, 1788–1850 , 306–314.

Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2014. Winwar, Frances.

Above all, it was the contributions of American artists that piqued his editorial interest.

He focused in particular on the growing presence of American artists in exhibitions hosted by such prominent

institutions as the Brooklyn Institute, the American Art-Union, the National Academy of Design, and

Free exhibitions such as those organized by the American Art-Union drew special praise as did the sale

Historical subjects, portraits, biblical scenes, city views, botanical specimens, genre scenes, fashion

It was the first of nine Whitman short stories that were published for the first time in the journal—the

In fact, four of the five most often reprinted pieces of Whitman's short fiction were first published

"Pay of American Writers," The Dollar Newspaper , September 13, 1843, [3].

Both the Madison Weekly Herald and The Dollar Newspaper were correct in their assessment of the wide

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

complete article, which focuses primarily on Whitman's life and writing in the late 1850s and early 1860s

, "To the Editor of the Boston Morning Post," Boston Morning Post, August 4, 1841, [2].; "Pay of American

Magazine), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

work of serial fiction (August 29–30, 1845) about two months after the story was reprinted in The American

It was the second of nine Whitman short stories that were published for the first time in the journal—the

The Washington temperance societies, part of the Washingtonian temperance movement, were popular in New

Bervance in " Bervance: or, Father and Son " and even the unsympathetic Unrelenting, a Native American

in the School-Room,' contributed by the same writer to a preceding number of the Democratic Review, were

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

The Washington temperance societies, part of the Washingtonian temperance movement, were popular in New

Masculinity in 1840s Temperance Narratives," in Sentimental Men: Masculinity and the Politics of Affect in American

A Fact"), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

work of serial fiction (August 29–30, 1845), about two months after the story was reprinted in The American

It was the seventh of nine Whitman short stories that were published for the first time in the journal—the

In fact, four of the five most often reprinted pieces of Whitman's short fiction were first published

In the article, the writer claims, "Recently were published, the sketch of 'Death in the School Room'

and a 'Legend of Life and Love,' both of which, as they respectively appeared, were copied by three

"Pay of American Writers," The Dollar Newspaper , September 13, 1843, [3].

.; "Pay of American Writers," The Dollar Newspaper, September 13, 1843, [3].; For more information about

A Fact"), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

work of serial fiction (August 29–30, 1845) about two months after the story was published in The American

Whitman worked as a compositor for the paper in May 1841 after he moved from Long Island to New York City

The Washington temperance societies, part of the Washingtonian temperance movement, were popular in New

Masculinity in 1840s Temperance Narratives," in Sentimental Men: Masculinity and the Politics of Affect in American

Bervance in " Bervance: or, Father and Son ," and the vengeful, unwavering Native American chief, the

Masculinity in 1840s Temperance Narratives," in Sentimental Men: Masculinity and the Politics of Affect in American

The story's narrator is a young man who meets the widow when he is on respite from the city, and Whitman

begins the tale by expounding upon the merits of the rural village and the vices of the city, revealing

The tale was even reprinted in the British journal The Great Western Magazine and Anglo-American Journal

See Walter Whitman, "The Tomb-Blossoms," The Great Western Magazine and Anglo-American Journal 1 (July

On the same date as the illustrated "Posthumous Sketch" reprints were published, October 23, 1892, The

.; See Walter Whitman, "The Tomb-Blossoms," The Great Western Magazine and Anglo-American Journal 1 (

It was the fifth of nine Whitman short stories that were published for the first time in the journal—the

On May 27, 1869, portions of "The Last of the Sacred Army" were reprinted as part of a newspaper article

the Sacred Army of the Revolution, written by a now venerable and highly respected citizen of this city

Tribune (Daily) (Salt Lake City, UT) and in the Salt Lake Weekly Tribune (Salt Lake City, UT) on June

The illustrated versions of the story, as well as the repeated insistence that the later reprints were

It was the sixth of nine short stories that were published for the first time in the journal—the eight

He shows neither mercy nor sympathy for the American armies or for the local civilians.

Likewise, when he and his younger son were several miles from home, the elder Slade had too much to drink

Slade and Reuben were out in the cold rain, and Reuben became an invalid because he never entirely recovered

Experience meetings were important parts of Washington temperance societies' compassionate approach to

Washington temperance societies, which were named after George Washington, were part of the Washingtonian

Holloway announced both finds in the January 1956 issue of American Literature .

"Temperance in the Bed of a Child," in Dependent States: The Child's Part in Nineteenth-Century American

Masculinity in 1840s Temperance Narratives," in Sentimental Men: Masculinity and the Politics of Affect in American

Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 24, 1842, [2].; See Emory Holloway, "More Temperance Tales by Whitman," American

It was the third of nine Whitman short stories that were published for the first time in the journal—the

children, the violent, drunken sailor in " The Child's Champion ," and the vengeful, unwavering Native American

The major plot events of Whitman's "The Reformed" were not altered for the later printing as "Little

Marchion's, which were often shared at "experience meetings," was an important part of the Washington

The Washington temperance societies, part of the Washingtonian temperance movement, were popular in New

The New York City printer Benjamin H. Day founded The Sun in 1833.

See Anthony Fellow, "Benjamin Day and The New York Sun " in American Media History (Boston: Wadsworth

The major plot events of Whitman's "The Reformed" were not altered for the later printing as "Little

"; See Anthony Fellow, "Benjamin Day and The New York Sun" in American Media History (Boston: Wadsworth

A Fact"), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

"Temperance in the Bed of a Child," in Dependent States: The Child's Part in Nineteenth-Century American

the novel, an "antiquarian"—an expert on local history in New York—relates the tale of a Native American

son, Wind-Foot, to main character Franklin Evans on the journey from rural Long Island to New York City

antiquarian prefaces the story with a warning about the detrimental effects of alcohol on Native Americans

The American Review was a monthly journal published in New York and edited by George H.

Stephen Rachman, " American Whig Review ," in Walt Whitman: An Encyclopedia , 20.

.; Wesley Allen Riddle, "Culture and Politics: The American Whig Review, 1845–1852," Humanitas 8.1 (1995

): 44.; Riddle, "Culture and Politics," 46.; Stephen Rachman, "American Whig Review," in Walt Whitman

: An Encyclopedia, 20.; Riddle, "Culture and Politics," 48.; "Introductory," The American Review: A Whig

A Fact"), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

Belief in spirits formed the foundation of modern American spiritualism, a popular nineteenth-century

See Frank Luther Mott, "The Columbian Lady's and Gentleman's Magazine," in A History of American Magazines

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

it was reprinted under the title "A Spirit Record" in The Press (Philadelphia, PA) on January 20, 1860

A description of The American Historical Annual can be found in Joel Myerson's bibliography of Whitman's

Belief in spirits formed the foundation of modern American spiritualism, a popular nineteenth-century

moment.; See Frank Luther Mott, "The Columbian Lady's and Gentleman's Magazine," in A History of American

A Fact"), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

and Odd-Fellows' Literary Magazine 1.2 (May 1850), 63–64; "A Spirit Record," The Press, January 20, 1860

to the beginning of the story and changing the title to "The Boy-Lover" before sending it to The American

After "The Boy-Lover" was published in The American Review , Whitman later reprinted it under that title

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

as a work of serial fiction (August 29–30, 1845) about two months after the story appeared in The American

Several of the revisions Whitman made to the American Review version of "The Boy-Lover" (1845) prior

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

as a work of serial fiction (August 29–30, 1845) about two months after the story appeared in The American

Morse, who founded the paper after coming to New York City in order to establish a religious newspaper

"platform" was described as largely "the same as that of the National Benevolent Institutions that were

Frances Winwar, American Giant: Walt Whitman and His Times (New York: Harper, 1941), 73.

.; Frances Winwar, American Giant: Walt Whitman and His Times (New York: Harper, 1941), 73.; See Walt

ProQuest's American Periodical Series database indicates a publication date of March 27, 1844 for Whitman's

Both "The Little Sleighers" and "Dumb Kate" were published in the same year as "My Boys and Girls," and

Frank Luther Mott, "Later Weeklies," in A History of American Magazines 1741–1850 (Cambridge, MA: The

The Rover 's editors were Seba Smith, an early political humorist, and Lawrence Labree, who wrote columns

However, The Rover did reprint "The Death of Wind-Foot" from The American Review in the June 21, 1845

ProQuest's American Periodical Series database indicates a publication date of March 27, 1844 for Whitman's

Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1984).; Frank Luther Mott, "Later Weeklies," in A History of American

It was one of nine Whitman short stories that were published for the first time in the journal—the eight

The prisoner recounts his crime and recalls the happier times the brothers had when they were younger

In February 1843, the Journal of the American Temperance Union announced that the papers had merged,

Organ as "an excellent weekly paper which has done so much to sustain the great reformation in our city

See Journal of the American Temperance Union , February 1843, 27.

Michael Warner, "Whitman Drunk," in Breaking Bounds: Whitman and American Cultural Studies , ed.

Holloway announced both finds in the January 1956 issue of American Literature .

.; See Journal of the American Temperance Union, February 1843, 27.; See Whitman's articles for the New

of Last Night" (April 1, 1842).; Michael Warner, "Whitman Drunk," in Breaking Bounds: Whitman and American

University of California Press, 1999), 78–79.; See Emory Holloway, "More Temperance Tales by Whitman," American

Later, Philip attempts to redeem himself by caring for victims of the cholera epidemic in New York City

Therefore, it is unclear whether the notes about Covert were written before the 1845 publication of “

A Fact "), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

as a work of serial fiction (August 29–30, 1845) about two months after the story appeared in The American

A Fact"), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

as a work of serial fiction (August 29–30, 1845) about two months after the story appeared in The American

At this time, the printed dates for periodicals were often confusing, because they were not consistent

A Fact "), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories, including "Shirval: A Tale of Jerusalem," were reprinted in the Eagle before

on January 25, 1879, a revised version of "Shirval"—the first three paragraphs of the original tale were

The Ukiah City Press (Ukiah City, Medocino County, CA) picked up the story and reprinted it on February

.; See Frank Luther Mott, A History of American Magazines: 1741–1850, vol. 1 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard

A Fact"), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories, including "Shirval: A Tale of Jerusalem," were reprinted in the Eagle before

as a work of serial fiction (August 29–30, 1845) about two months after the story appeared in The American

consists of an introduction and five short tales, each individually numbered with Roman numerals, that were

The second tale centers on an African-American widow who saves a deaf and mute girl of about twelve or

Frank Luther Mott, "The Aristidean," in A History of American Magazines: 1741–1850 , vol. 1 (Cambridge

Some of the sketches were, however, reprinted separately and circulated in New York in the mid-1840s.

A Fact "), and"The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in American

.; Frank Luther Mott, "The Aristidean," in A History of American Magazines: 1741–1850, vol. 1 (Cambridge

A Fact"), and"The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in American Review

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

as a work of serial fiction (August 29–30, 1845) about two months after the story appeared in The American

son of a wealthy farmer, and this young man seduces the defenseless Kate and then moves to New York City

The setting of the tale, in a rural area, separated in time and place from the bustling city, reveals

Frank Luther Mott, "The Columbian Lady's and Gentleman's Magazine," in A History of American Magazines

A Fact "), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

.; Frank Luther Mott, "The Columbian Lady's and Gentleman's Magazine," in A History of American Magazines

A Fact"), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

as a work of serial fiction (August 29–30, 1845) about two months after the story appeared in The American

The major plot events of Whitman's "The Reformed" were not altered for the later printing as "Little

A Fact "), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

"Temperance in the Bed of a Child," in Dependent States: The Child's Part in Nineteenth-Century American

"Little Jane," therefore, is one of at least two tales (the other is " The Tomb-Blossoms ") that were

.; The major plot events of Whitman's "The Reformed" were not altered for the later printing as "Little

"Temperance in the Bed of a Child," in Dependent States: The Child's Part in Nineteenth-Century American

of the New York fire of 1835, which destroyed much of the financial and commercial district of the city

Paul Leech of August 19, 1840, in Edwin Haviland Miller, ed., Selected Letters of Walt Whitman (Iowa City

Frank Luther Mott, "The Union Magazine," in A History of American Magazines: 1741 to 1850 , vol. 1 (Cambridge

Paul Leech of August 19, 1840, in Edwin Haviland Miller, ed., Selected Letters of Walt Whitman (Iowa City

IA: University of Iowa Press, 1990), 8.; Frank Luther Mott, "The Union Magazine," in A History of American

Frank Luther Mott, "The Columbian Lady's and Gentleman's Magazine," in A History of American Magazines

"; Frank Luther Mott, "The Columbian Lady's and Gentleman's Magazine," in A History of American Magazines

Frank Luther Mott, "The Aristidean," in A History of American Magazines: 1741–1850 , vol. 1 (Cambridge

That same year, Whitman also reprinted " The Death of Wind-Foot " and " The Boy-Lover " in the The American

See Paul Christian Jones, Against the Gallows: Antebellum American Writers and the Movement to Abolish

Capital Punishment (Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 2011), 116.

.; Frank Luther Mott, "The Aristidean," in A History of American Magazines: 1741–1850, vol. 1 (Cambridge

"Richard Parker's Widow (1845)," 590.; See Paul Christian Jones, Against the Gallows: Antebellum American

Writers and the Movement to Abolish Capital Punishment (Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 2011

While completing research for the two volumes of journalism that were published as part of The Collected

The story, signed by Walter Whitman, and the poem were published in the Sunday Times and Noah's Weekly

Rowell & Co's American Newspaper Directory (New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1872), 123.

Rowell & Co's American Newspaper Directory (New York: Geo. P. Rowell & Co., 1869), 74.

"The Fireman's Dream" and "Tale of a Shirt" were published in the paper less than a year later.

Rowell & Co's American Newspaper Directory (New York: Geo. P.

Rowell & Co's American Newspaper Directory (New York: Geo. P.

See Frank Luther Mott, "The Columbian Lady's and Gentleman's Magazine," in A History of American Magazines

—An Early Death " (May 1844), and " The Little Sleighers " (September 1844) were all published in the

The Washington temperance societies, part of the Washingtonian temperance movement, were popular in New

Michael Winship has written in response to an email query that the extra sheets were likely issued at

Bervance in " Bervance: or, Father and Son ," and the vengeful, unwavering Native American chief, the

See Frank Luther Mott, "The Columbian Lady's and Gentleman's Magazine," in A History of American Magazines

Michael Winship has written in response to an email query that the extra sheets were likely issued at

story and both Leaves of Grass (1855) and the "Calamus" cluster, first published in Leaves of Grass (1860

A Fact"), and "The Boy-Lover" (January 4–5, 1848; previously printed with the same title in The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

The American Review was a monthly journal edited by George H.

The American Review served as "the major political and literary magazine of the national Whig party."

Wesley Allen Riddle, "Culture and Politics: The American Whig Review, 1845–1852," Humanitas 8.1 (1995

Stephen Rachman, " American Whig Review ," in Walt Whitman: An Encyclopedia , ed. J. R.

In 1845, the American Review also published Whitman's " The Death of Wind-Foot ."

Wesley Allen Riddle, "Culture and Politics: The American Whig Review, 1845–1852," Humanitas 8.1 (1995

): 44.; Riddle, "Culture and Politics," 46.; Stephen Rachman, "American Whig Review," in Walt Whitman

: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1998), 20.; Riddle, "Culture and Politics," 48.; "Introductory," The American

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

as a work of serial fiction (August 29–30, 1845) about two months after the story appeared in The American

Later, Philip attempts to redeem himself by caring for victims of the cholera epidemic in New York City

Therefore, it is unclear whether the notes about Covert were written before the 1845 publication of "

Two of Whitman's stories were reprinted in the Eagle before he became the paper's editor in March 1846

a Murderer Escaped" in The Eagle , Whitman divided the story into three serial installments, which were

against capital punishment may lend some support to the poet's later claim that his short stories were

Lancaster Intelligencer Lancaster City, PA April 7, 1863 [1] W.

Ukiah City Press Ukiah City, CA February 14, 1879 [6] [Unsigned] Wild Frank's Return The Cambria Freeman

The Salt Lake City Weekly Tribune Salt Lake City, UT October 27, 1892 8 [Unsigned] Her Offerings The

Free Press Osage City, KS December 15, 1892 3?

Whig Yazoo City, MS May 30, 1845 [1] W.

.; This poem later appeared as "A Word Out of the Sea," Leaves of Grass (1860); as "Out of the Cradle

," Leaves of Grass (1881–82).; This poem later appeared as "Chants Democratic 7," Leaves of Grass (1860

Antecedents," Leaves of Grass (1867).; This poem later appeared as "Calamus No. 17," Leaves of Grass (1860

India," Leaves of Grass (1871-72).; This poem later appeared as "Calamus No. 40," Leaves of Grass (1860

They later appeared separately as (in order of appearance): 1) "Calamus No. 21" in Leaves of Grass (1860

The American

.; Revised as "A Broadway Pageant (Reception Japanese Embassy, June 16, 1860)" in Drum-Taps (1865) and

Norton, 1973] and Ted Genoways, Walt Whitman and the Civil War: America's Poet During the Lost Years of 1860

.; See "Whitman's Journalism" for "City Photographs.

You and Me and To-Day," New-York Saturday Press 14 January 1860, 2.

"Chants Democratic 7," Leaves of Grass (1860); "With Antecedents," Leaves of Grass (1867)."

Poemet [Of him I love day and night]," New-York Saturday Press 28 January 1860, 2.

Poemet [That shadow, my likeness]," New-York Saturday Press 4 February 1860, 2.

Leaves," New-York Saturday Press 11 February 1860, 2. 1.