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In the 1860 Leaves , the poem seems to draw its origins from two poems.

Indeed, if it were not for you, what would I be?

The Obermann Seminar participants were struck by the fact that the 1860 version of the poem had never

been translated into any of the languages we were examining.

We were struck too by the revealing admission of the fifth and sixth lines: "Indeed, if it were not for

They longed for an American discovery of America.

In Freire's eyes, Whitman's Americanism was pan-human, not pan-American, and Whitman was thus on the

Americanism.

In his opinion—that is what his Americanism seems to indicate, an Americanism to which we can perhaps

All things were his brothers.

piece originally appeared in Gay Wilson Allen and Ed Folsom, ed., Walt Whitman and the World (Iowa City

All of Laforgue's translations were later republished in the 1918 Nouvelle Revue Française edition, Walt

In their 1886 form, the Laforgue translations were published with the first French poems ever written

in vers libre , while the 1918 collection in which they were republished aimed to explode the singular

Roger Asselineau and Jacques Darras, who both taught American poetry in French universities.

14," in the 1860 edition of seem to be lost on all but one of the four translators.

The aesthetes were not long in reacting.

Though most of the pieces were written in conventional form, some of them were in free verse cut up so

He had thought he would be read, understood, absorbed by that American people, that American working

were to be found in America, they were millionaire Quakers from Philadelphia, and Mr.

It gives the notes, as it were.

Belgium," by Roger Asselineau, first appeared in Gay Wilson Allen, ed., Walt Whitman and the World (Iowa City

While some critics did admit that they were puzzled about the poems that looked as though they were copied

were unable to cope with these challenges.

This is the piece "Once I Passed through a Populous City," first published in 1860.

The Whitmans were farmers or working men.

/ What cities the light and warmth penetrates I penetrate those cities myself,/ All islands to which

Countries," by Walter Grünzweig, first appeared in Gay Wilson Allen, ed., Walt Whitman and the World (Iowa City

of North American poets."

He never forgot, even for a moment, that around him were myriads of worlds and behind him were myriads

. . . " he said of American letters.

If the Southern slaveholders were his enemies, it was not because they were slaveholders, but for the

But the American followers of Fourier were quite active by the time Whitman was fully grown.

Gay Wilson Allen and Ed Folsom (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1995), 300–338.

This introduction and part of the translation that appears here were originally published as Matt Cohen

Scholars have identified Vasseur’s translation as instrumental in accelerating Latin American poetry’

Congress held in Mexico City in 1901; Miguel de Unamuno translated some in 1906.

Only with Vasseur’s edition did Whitman become available and important to generations of Latin American

For more on Whitman’s role in Latin American literary aesthetics see Santí, “The Accidental Tourist”;

The fact that most of Whitman's German translators were attracted to the poem, given their different

to the world of poetry—were interpreted by German translators as international poets to come.

The notion that these future poets were, in Whitman's words, "native" and "continental" did not have

As a lyrical version of American democracy, it would arouse German readers and teach them the democratic

Whereas American readers may well have identified the term with the American continent, this meaning

Lawrence (see selection 27 and Studies in Classic American Literature ).

The chance of this might be formidable were it not ridiculous.

This is what he calls "robust American love."

At bottom his political views were limited by his own gospel of egoism.

Inanimate Nature and animals were all to be accepted; they were what they were, part of the process of

Wynn Thomas, first appeared in Gay Wilson Allen, ed., Walt Whitman and the World (Iowa City: University

With each language were imported poetic, artistic, and cultural seeds.

Most of my friends were English.

And the consciousness of being the poet of such Americanness.

The city, and the countryside, everything. There is nothing.

cities.

They were purified by death—they were taught and exalted.

Old matron of the city! this proud, friendly, turbulent city!

City of wharves and stores! city of tall façades of marble and iron! Proud and passionate city!

mettlesome, mad, extravagant city! Spring up, O city!

I loved well those cities; I loved well the stately and rapid river; The men and women I saw were all

.; ∗ This clause is obviously imperfect in some respect: it is here reproduced verbatim from the American

and in his poems after the death of the body, still a friend and brother to all present and future American

—JOHN BURROUGHS.; ∗These were the three Presidentships of Polk; of Taylor, succeeded by Filmore; and

International Congress held in Mexico City in 1901.

Here it has the unmistakable ring of celebratory pan-Americanism.

[I once passed through a populous city...]

Once I Pass'd through a Populous City Camino de las Indias Orientales [Road to the East Indies] This

The poems of Walt Whitman were known in Germany before 1868.

revised, and much shorter, version of the fourteenth poem in the "Chants Democratic" cluster of the 1860

In his view, the American poet offered new and superior models of love and showed "how to love oneself

Like most critics in his time, Gamberale believed that Whitman's lines were "prose, and nothing else.

He thus translated "Poets to Come" as if it were a prose poem and applied to Whitman's English language

In this context, the "you" is definitely American.

Donchin reminds us that Russian Symbolists "'greedily drank at all the new sources of Western art that were

available,' they were typically 'men of the renaissance,' they felt bound to know foreign languages,

they were 'humanists in the sense of erudition'" (Donchin, 9; Aničkov, 51-52).

For his prose limning of the giant bolder of cities, Balʹmont has borrowed from this poem the "city of

that his own creative powers as translator were even more impressively enlivened by the American bard's

cities, and fit to have for his background and accessories their streaming populations and ample and

These and all else were to me the same as they are to you, I loved well those cities, loved well the

What does it mean to American persons, progresses, cities? Chicago, Kanada, Arkansas?

A N EWER garden of creation, no primal solitude, Dense, joyous, modern, populous millions, cities and

city of spires and masts! City nested in bays! my city!

Unlike most materials about "the great proletarian writer," these books were empty of all ideological

("Hey, Mitya, beat the American imperialists, beat them!")

Seuss, the American writer of poetry for children.

And his criticism of American life did not stop at poetic rhythm.

He appreciated the parts of Whitman's poetry that were critical of American society, or could at least

volver luego la cara y dejaros la prueba y la definición, esperando de vosotros lo más importante. 1860

volver luego la cara y dejaros la prueba y la definición, esperando de vosotros lo más importante. 1860

abkehrt, der es euch überläßt, zu beweisen und zu erklären, und der die Hauptsache von euch erwartet. (1860

visage, Vous laissant le soin de poser et de résoudre le problème, Attendant de vous l'essentiel. (1860

the major publishing contexts for Whitman editions in Spanish have been Barcelona, Madrid, Mexico City

Álvaro Armando Vasseur (1878–1969) is the first Latin American known to have translated Walt Whitman's

Born in Montevideo, Uruguay, to two French diplomats, Vasseur was proud of his Latin Americanness, and

In his work, Vasseur appeals to the pride of his fellow Latin Americans by asserting Latin America's

Perhaps in part as a result of fascist censorship, Concha Zardoya eliminates the Latin American bias

Some of his poems were not translated until the twenty-first century, and others still remain unknown

Międzyrzecki's translation of "Poets to Come" appeared in a collection of American poetry meaningfully

Both translators were active in the first decade of the new millennium—Boczkowski published his first

While there were no real problems with translating the dynamics of the latter—rendered as pędzę nazad

Only by reading the 1860 edition, which has never been translated into Polish, could a Polish reader

But in the history of Russian literature there were earlier treatments of free verse in poetry.

In a review of foreign novels he writes: "English critics are strongly opposed to the American novel

He belongs to the old type of American workers.

In Germany he is known among learned men of letters more than any other contemporary American poets."

okhotnika' ['A Sportsman's Sketches'] I will send a few translated lyric poems of the remarkable American

Marina Camboni's translation of the poem that would later become "Poets to Come," as it appears in the 1860

Międzyrzecki's translation appears in an anthology of American poetry.

що ті роздаєш, може, тобі повернеться так само, як вертають доби року, Й зможе бути таким, як вони. 1860

обридне чекання, Він повернеться скоро, його віщуни вже ідуть. 1850 ПРЕЗИДЕНТОВІ* Поезію написано 1860

.; Поезію написано 1860 р., коли президентом США був Дж.

Недавно перелистывая фундаментальный английский журнал "Westminster Review" за 1860 г., я наткнулся на

Зимою 1860 года, когда Уитмэн подготовлял к печати третье издание своей книги, Эмерсон внезапно явился

"После чего,—прибавляет Уитмэн,—мы пошли и прекрасно пообедали в ресторане American House".

Недавно перелистывая фундаментальный английский журнал "Westminster Review" за 1860 г., я наткнулся на

So konnte er denn auch etwa an den Schluß der dritten Auflage von 1860 bereits das Gedicht „Lebwohl“

Die dritte, Bostoner Ausgabe der „Grashalme“ von 1860 war in etwa fünftausend Exemplaren verkauft und

Es wurde, abgesehen von der Ausgabe von 1860, die erste äußerlich würdige Ausgabe seines Werkes.

Die Frauen des Westens Kansas City.

Worauf wir weggingen und ein gutes Mittagessen im „American House“ einnahmen.

Die zweite ebenfalls im Selbstverlag, New York 1856. 1860 folgte die 3.

Träger heranzukommen, Das Echo, das durch das leere Gebäude schallt; Das riesige Lagerhaus, das in der City

legalizadas, o meretrício organizado em comércio e as injustiças sociais aceitas pela maioria complacente. 1860