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of these states that they are to hold sway over physical objects, over armies, navies, wealth, population

Hudson's 'Thoughts on Reading,' American Whig Review, 1 (May 1845), 483–496, which he clipped and annotated

Hudson's 'Thoughts on Reading,' American Whig Review, 1 (May 1845), 483–496, which he clipped and annotated

The notes on American character relate to ideas expressed in "Song of Myself," most directly to the line

True noble expanded American character is raised on a far more lasting and universal basis than that

Every American young man should carry himself with the finished and haughty bearing of the greatest ruler

Perhaps it is everywhere on water and on land." (1855, pp. 51-2). whose sides are crowded with the rich cities

till I point the road along which leads to all the learning knowledge and truth and pleasure are the cities

loosely to ideas expressed in the poem "A Song of Joys," first published as "Poem of Joys" in the 1860

the Crossing the Fulton ferry to-day, I met an old acquaintance, to-day whom I had missed from the city

took hold of some scheme or claim before upon the legislature, and lobbied for it;—he helped men who were

: "If I and you and the worlds and all beneath or upon their surfacees, and all the palpable life, were

the fourth poem in the 1855 Leaves; and "A Song of Joys," which appeared as "Poem of Joys" in the 1860

Lines from the notebook were used in "Song of Myself," a version of which was published in the 1855 Leaves

the fourth poem in the 1855 Leaves; and "A Song of Joys," which appeared as "Poem of Joys" in the 1860

"If the general" and "If you are happy" in the untitled third poem of the "Debris" cluster in the 1860

—What real Americans can be made out of slaves?

not equally interested in the preservation of those states or cities—or that portion was degraded form

first printed in the second (1856) and third (1860–1861) editions.

Whitman revised the text on leaf 23 verso to include a rather long passage that exceeded the space available

edition of Leaves of Grass but that the notebook also contains material clearly related to things that were

first printed in the second (1856) and third (1860–1861) editions.

Whitman revised the text on leaf 23 verso to include a rather long passage that exceeded the space available

identical with the per years ago—and he was satisfied they were of that distant date.

Both manuscript scraps were probably written shortly before or early in 1855, though the notes on the

show the continuation of the text on both paste-ons with text on the notebook leaves from which they were

reverse of this paste-on, which would have been the only vertically oriented text in the notebook, were

Both manuscript scraps were probably written shortly before or early in 1855, though the notes on the

show the continuation of the text on both paste-ons with text on the notebook leaves from which they were

reverse of this paste-on, which would have been the only vertically oriented text in the notebook, were

A father A mother as well as father, a child as well as a man; A N ot only an American, but an African

rings expand outward and outward Several phrases of this prose were probably later used, in somewhat

: "The best I had done seemed to me blank and suspicious, / My great thoughts, as I supposed them, were

The manuscript is written on the blank side of an 1850s tax form from the City of Williamsburgh.

Fredson Bowers, have generally assumed that Whitman used the Williamsburgh tax forms from 1857 to 1860

The city of Williamsburgh was incorporated with Brooklyn effective January 1855, so the forms would have

been obsolete after that date (Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] [Chicago: University of

At least two of the tax forms Whitman used were dated 1854 (see, for instance, "Vast national tracts"

The manuscript is written on the blank side of an 1850s tax form from the City of Williamsburgh.

Fredson Bowers, have generally assumed that Whitman used the Williamsburgh tax forms from 1857 to 1860

The city of Williamsburgh was incorporated with Brooklyn effective January 1855, so the forms would have

been obsolete after that date (Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] [Chicago: University of

At least two of the tax forms Whitman used were dated 1854 (see, for instance, "Vast national tracts"

81. were paid for with a steamship s or , or would come cheap.— I am not stuck up for these reasons;

Additional poetic lines are drafted on the back of this manuscript leaf. were paid for with steamships

perfect equality of the female with the male . . . . the large amativeness—the fluid movement of the population—the

peace is the routine out of him speaks the spirit of peace, large, rich, thrifty, building vast and populous

deputed atonement . . knows that the young man who composedly periled his life and lost it has done exceeding

and in them were the fathers of sons . . . and in them were the fathers of sons.

one man . . . . he is the father of those who shall be fathers in their turns, In him the start of populous

And whether those who defiled the living were as bad as they who defiled the dead?

and in them were the fathers of sons . . . and in them were the fathers of sons.

He was wise also, He was six feet tall . . . . he was over eighty years old  . . . . his sons were massive

from head to foot, It attracts with fierce undeniable attraction, I am drawn by its breath as if I were

one man . . . . he is the father of those who shall be fathers in their turns, In him the start of populous

ONCE I PASS'D THROUGH A POPULOUS CITY.

ONCE I pass'd through a populous city, imprinting my brain, for future use, with its shows, architec-

American masses!

RECEPTION JAPANESE EMBASSY, JUNE, 1860. 1 OVER the western sea, hither from Niphon come, Courteous the

to American persons, pro- gresses progresses , cities? Chicago, Kanada, Arkansas?

only one man—this is the father of those who shall be fathers in their turns; In him the start of populous

A WOMAN waits for me—she contains all, nothing is lacking, Yet all were lacking, if sex were lacking,

WE TWO—HOW LONG WE WERE FOOL'D. WE two—how long we were fool'd!

ONCE I PASS'D THROUGH A POPULOUS CITY.

ONCE I pass'd through a populous city, imprinting my brain, for future use, with its shows, architec-

And if the body were not the Soul, what is the Soul?

and pause, listen, and count. 3 I knew a man, a common farmer—the father of five sons; And in them were

the fathers of sons—and in them were the fathers of sons.

I am drawn by its breath as if I were no more than a helpless vapor—all falls aside but myself and it

only one man—this is the father of those who shall be fathers in their turns; In him the start of populous

And if the body were not the soul, what is the soul?

A WOMAN waits for me, she contains all, nothing is lacking, Yet all were lacking if sex were lacking,

WE TWO, HOW LONG WE WERE FOOL'D.

ONCE I PASS'D THROUGH A POPULOUS CITY.

ONCE I pass'd through a populous city imprinting my brain for future use with its shows, architecture

And if the body were not the soul, what is the soul?

and visit him to see, he was wise also, He was six feet tall, he was over eighty years old, his sons were

from head to foot, It attracts with fierce undeniable attraction, I am drawn by its breath as if I were

only one man, this the father of those who shall be fathers in their turns, In him the start of populous

ONCE I PASS'D THROUGH A POPULOUS CITY.

ONCE I pass'd through a populous city imprinting my brain for future use with its shows, architecture

What does it mean to American persons, progresses, cities?

A NEWER garden of creation, no primal solitude, Dense, joyous, modern, populous millions, cities and

what were God?)

Leaves of Grass (1860–1861) Leaves of Grass (1860–1861) a machine readable transcription Walt Whitman

to American persons, progresses, cities? Chicago, Kanada, Arkansas?

American masses!

AMERICAN mouth-songs!

ONCE I passed through a populous city, imprinting my brain, for future use, with its shows, architec-

Cluster: Enfans D'adam. (1860) Enfans d'Adam. 1.

sons—and in them were the fathers of sons.

only one man—this is the father of those who shall be fathers in their turns, In him the start of populous

A WOMAN waits for me—she contains all, nothing is lacking, Yet all were lacking, if sex were lacking,

ONCE I passed through a populous city, imprinting my brain, for future use, with its shows, architec-

And if the body were not the Soul, what is the Soul?

I knew a man, He was a common farmer—he was the father of five sons, And in them were the fathers of

sons—and in them were the fathers of sons.

visit him to see—he was wise also, 25* He was six feet tall, he was over eighty years old— his sons were

only one man—this is the father of those who shall be fathers in their turns, In him the start of populous

And if the body were not the soul, what is the soul?

and visit him to see, he was wise also, He was six feet tall, he was over eighty years old, his sons were

from head to foot, It attracts with fierce undeniable attraction, I am drawn by its breath as if I were

only one man, this the father of those who shall be fathers in their turns, In him the start of populous

to American persons, pro- gresses progresses , cities? Chicago, Canada, Arkansas?

I loved well those cities, I loved well the stately and rapid river, The men and women I saw were all

They were purified by death—they were taught and exalted.

ment atonement , Knows that the young man who composedly periled his life and lost it, has done exceeding

There are Thirty-Two States sketched—the population thirty millions.

And if the body were not the soul, what is the soul?

I knew a man, he was a common farmer, he was the father of five sons, and in them were the fathers of

sons, and in them were the fathers of sons.

and visit him to see—he was wise also, He was six feet tall, he was over eighty years old—his sons were

only one man—this is the father of those who shall be fathers in their turns, In him the start of populous

Y., South District)—renew'd (1883) 14 yrs. 2d ed'n 1856, Brooklyn—renew'd (1884) 14 yrs. 3d ed'n 1860

ONCE I PASS'D THROUGH A POPULOUS CITY.

ONCE I pass'd through a populous city imprinting my brain for future use with its shows, architecture

What does it mean to American persons, progresses, cities?

A NEWER garden of creation, no primal solitude, Dense, joyous, modern, populous millions, cities and

And if the body were not the soul, what is the soul?

A WOMAN waits for me, she contains all, nothing is lacking, Yet all were lacking if sex were lacking,

WE TWO, HOW LONG WE WERE FOOL'D.

ONCE I PASS'D THROUGH A POPULOUS CITY.

ONCE I pass'd through a populous city imprinting my brain for future use with its shows, architecture

And if the body were not the Soul, what is the Soul?

and pause, listen, and count. 3 I knew a man, a common farmer—the father of five sons; And in them were

the fathers of sons—and in them were the fathers of sons.

I am drawn by its breath as if I were no more than a helpless vapor—all falls aside but myself and it

only one man—this is the father of those who shall be fathers in their turns; In him the start of populous

fool'd 114 Native Moments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Once I Pass'd through a Populous City

ONCE I PASS'D THROUGH A POPULOUS CITY.

ONCE I pass'd through a populous city, imprinting my brain, for future use, with its shows, architec-

(RECEPTION JAPANESE EMBASSY, JUNE 16, 1860.)

to American persons, pro- gresses progresses , cities? Chicago, Kanada, Arkansas?

only one man—this is the father of those who shall be fathers in their turns; In him the start of populous

A WOMAN waits for me—she contains all, nothing is lacking, Yet all were lacking, if sex were lacking,

WE TWO—HOW LONG WE WERE FOOL'D. WE two—how long we were fool'd!

ONCE I PASS'D THROUGH A POPULOUS CITY.

ONCE I pass'd through a populous city, imprinting my brain, for future use, with its shows, architec-

London: Chatto & Windus) S EVERAL years have now passed since Walt Whitman's poetical works and claims were

entirely uniform; sometimes he speaks as a federation of nations, sometimes as if mankind at large were

This is what he calls "robust American love."

the rising and sinking waves—over the myriad fields and the prairies wide; Over the dense-packed cities

pseudonym of Johann Paul Friedrich Richter) (1763-1825) was a German novelist and humorist, whose works were

pseudonym of Johann Paul Friedrich Richter) (1763-1825) was a German novelist and humorist, whose works were

We were aware of this, and expected in an American poet some one who would sing for us gently, in a minor

And to explain it evident and sufficient causes were producible, and were produced.

The splendour, picturesqueness, and oceanic amplitude and rush of these great cities, the unsurpassed

but such a picture only represents the worst side of the life of great cities.

Only I will establish in the Mannahatta, and in every city of These States, inland and seaboard, And

the woman of the Indian tribes, are represented in the "Songs of the Sierras" as never before in American

As if it were necessary to trot back generation after generation to the Eastern records!"

"I will report all heroism from an American point of view." "America always!

I assert that all past days were what they should have been.

It is done in this fashion: "I see the cities of the earth, and make myself at random a part of them;

And do you rise higher than ever yet, O days, O cities! Crash heavier, heavier yet, O storms!

to the (eventual) second verse paragraph in section 6 of Starting from Paumanok, first published in 1860

The manuscript is written on the blank side of an 1850s tax form from the City of Williamsburgh.

Fredson Bowers, have generally assumed that Whitman used the Williamsburgh tax forms from 1857 to 1860

The city of Williamsburgh was incorporated with Brooklyn effective January 1855, so the forms would have

been obsolete after that date (Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] [Chicago: University of

At least two of the tax forms Whitman used were dated 1854 (see, for instance, "Vast national tracts"

Glue residue shows that these leaves were formerly pasted to two other leaves, upon which is written

Both manuscript scraps were probably written shortly before or early in 1855, though the notes on the

Lines from the notebook were used in Song of Myself and A Song of the Rolling Earth, which appeared in

appeared as the fourth poem in the 1855 Leaves; and A Song of Joys, which appeared as Poem of Joys in the 1860

Grass, in addition to a few images and phrasings that Whitman used in the second (1856) and third (1860

A brief passage on surface 12 possibly contributed to the poem first published in 1860 as the fourth

Two passages on surface 21 were used in the tenth poem of the 1855 Leaves of Grass, later titled There

Two of the draft lines of poetry on surface 31 were used in the untitled third poem of the Debris cluster

in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass.