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American Feuillage. AMERICAN FEUILLAGE. AMERICA always! Always our own feuillage!

Always the prairies, pastures, forests, vast cities, trav- elers travelers , Kanada, the snows; Always

drift spooning ahead, where the ship in the tem- pest tempest dashes; On solid land, what is done in cities

day, driving the herd of cows, and shouting to them as they loiter to browse by the road-side; The city

inevitably united, and made ONE IDENTITY; Nativities, climates, the grass of the great Pastoral Plains; Cities

American Feuillage AMERICAN FEUILLAGE. AMERICA always! Always our own feuillage!

Always the prairies, pastures, forests, vast cities, travelers, Kanada, the snows; Always these compact

White drift spooning ahead, where the ship in the tempest dashes; On solid land, what is done in cities

day, driving the herd of cows, and shouting to them as they loiter to browse by the road-side; The city

inevitably united, and made ONE IDENTITY; Nativities, climates, the grass of the great Pastoral Plains, Cities

leafhandwritten; On one side are two lines, heavily corrected, from a draft of the poem first published in 1860

Always the prairies, pastures, forests, vast cities, travellers, Kanada, the snows; Always these compact

White drift spooning ahead, where the ship in the tempest dashes; On solid land, what is done in cities

fiddle—others sit on the gunwale, smoking and talking; Late in the afternoon, the mocking-bird, the American

cotton-bales piled on banks and wharves; Encircling all, vast-darting, up and wide, the Amer- ican American

and down, casting swift shadows in specks on the opposite wall, where the shine is; The athletic American

Cluster: Chants Democratic and Native American. (1860) CHANTS DEMOCRATIC AND NATIVE AMERICAN.

to American persons, progresses, cities? Chicago, Kanada, Arkansas?

Were those your vast and solid?

American masses!

AMERICAN mouth-songs!

It became section 4 of Chants Democratic in 1860.

In 1867 Whitman ungrouped it and retitled the poem American Feuillage, a name it kept until being permanently

See Holloway, A Whitman Manuscript, American Mercury 3 (December 1924), 475–480. See also Andrew C.

One passage seems to have contributed to the 1860–1861 poem that Whitman later titled Our Old Feuillage

The first several lines of that poem (not including the line in question) were revised and published

as My Picture-Gallery in The American in October 1880 and then in Leaves of Grass as part of the Autumn

I know a rich capitalist who, out of his wealth, built a marble church, the most splendid in the city

intended to scare away unrest The genuine m M an is not, as would have him, like one of a block of city

The first several lines of the notebook (not including this line) were revised and published as "My Picture-Gallery

" in The American in October 1880.

See Holloway, "A Whitman Manuscript," American Mercury 3 (December 1924), 475–480.

See Holloway, "A Whitman Manuscript," American Mercury 3 (December 1924), 475–480.

One passage seems to have contributed to the 1860–1861 poem that Whitman later titled "Our Old Feuillage

Leaves of Grass (1860–1861) Leaves of Grass (1860–1861) a machine readable transcription Walt Whitman

to American persons, progresses, cities? Chicago, Kanada, Arkansas?

American masses!

AMERICAN mouth-songs!

ONCE I passed through a populous city, imprinting my brain, for future use, with its shows, architec-

fool'd 114 Native Moments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Once I Pass'd through a Populous City

ONCE I PASS'D THROUGH A POPULOUS CITY.

ONCE I pass'd through a populous city, imprinting my brain, for future use, with its shows, architec-

(RECEPTION JAPANESE EMBASSY, JUNE 16, 1860.)

to American persons, pro- gresses progresses , cities? Chicago, Kanada, Arkansas?

ONCE I PASS'D THROUGH A POPULOUS CITY.

ONCE I pass'd through a populous city, imprinting my brain, for future use, with its shows, architec-

American masses!

RECEPTION JAPANESE EMBASSY, JUNE, 1860. 1 OVER the western sea, hither from Niphon come, Courteous the

to American persons, pro- gresses progresses , cities? Chicago, Kanada, Arkansas?

ONCE I PASS'D THROUGH A POPULOUS CITY.

ONCE I pass'd through a populous city imprinting my brain for future use with its shows, architecture

What does it mean to American persons, progresses, cities?

A NEWER garden of creation, no primal solitude, Dense, joyous, modern, populous millions, cities and

what were God?)

Y., South District)—renew'd (1883) 14 yrs. 2d ed'n 1856, Brooklyn—renew'd (1884) 14 yrs. 3d ed'n 1860

ONCE I PASS'D THROUGH A POPULOUS CITY.

ONCE I pass'd through a populous city imprinting my brain for future use with its shows, architecture

What does it mean to American persons, progresses, cities?

A NEWER garden of creation, no primal solitude, Dense, joyous, modern, populous millions, cities and

inevitably united, and made one identity, Nativities, climates, the grass of the great Pastoral Plains, Cities

combination of "Love" and "Dilation or Pride" is also articulated in Chants Democratic (No. 4) in the 1860

combination of "Love" and "Dilation or Pride" is also articulated in "Chants Democratic" (No. 4) in the 1860

Leaves of Grass, later titled "Our Old Feuillage": "Encircling all, vast-darting up and wide, the American

28Our Old Feuillage (1860).

Feuillagebetween 1876-1881poetryhandwritten6 leaves20.5 x 12.5 cm; A bound copy of six leaves (the poem American

range and diversity—always the continent of Democracy; Always the prairies, pastures, forests, vast cities

floes, White drift spooning ahead where the ship in the tempest dashes, On solid land what is done in cities

fiddle, others sit on the gunwale smoking and talking; Late in the afternoon the mocking-bird, the American

rude carts, cotton bales piled on banks and wharves; Encircling all, vast-darting up and wide, the American

and down, casting swift shadows in specks on the opposite wall where the shine is; The athletic American

range and diversity—always the continent of Democracy; Always the prairies, pastures, forests, vast cities

floes, White drift spooning ahead where the ship in the tempest dashes, On solid land what is done in cities

fiddle, others sit on the gunwale smoking and talking; Late in the afternoon the mocking-bird, the American

rude carts, cotton bales piled on banks and wharves; Encircling all, vast-darting up and wide, the American

and down, casting swift shadows in specks on the opposite wall where the shine is; The athletic American

that the book is not amenable to the laws against sending obscene literature through the mails; and were

and there, With ranging hills on the banks, with many a line against the sky, and shadows, And the city

declare that Walt Whitman has not the poet's gift in the slightest measure—that he is only an ignorant American

He could not have been bred anywhere but in a certain part of New York city a generation ago—in any other

And American letters were in a peculiar transition state when he made his first appearance in print,

As if it were necessary to trot back generation after generation to the Eastern records!"

"I will report all heroism from an American point of view." "America always!

I assert that all past days were what they should have been.

It is done in this fashion: "I see the cities of the earth, and make myself at random a part of them;

And do you rise higher than ever yet, O days, O cities! Crash heavier, heavier yet, O storms!

instances, to shock many people, and contains specimens of every thing that is characteristic in the American

speaking, an abhorrence; but in this case several chance expressions which Walt Whitman permitted himself were

so very rude that his poems, as a whole, were deprived of that fair judgment which by rights belongs

In his volume all the objectionable passages which were the cause of so much complaint at the time of

range and diversity—always the continent of Democracy; Always the prairies, pastures, forests, vast cities

Their eulogies, however, were rather on the thoughts and sentiments of the author than praise of his

Milton and Goethe, at their desks, were not more truly poets than Phidias with his chisel, Raphael at

Phidias and Raphael and Beethoven were judged in accordance with the merits of what they produced.

of West Hills, Long Island, in the state of New York, somewhere about thirty miles from the great American

To the very dregs and scum and squalor of the evil streets of a bad city he cries out—by a subtle violation

At the City Dead House in his "Leaves of Grass," we see him standing—gazing—yearning, in tenderest pity

And, as it has been with those, so it is now and henceforth with this true American Poet Walt Whitman

the manly poet himself going his sickening rounds in the ghastly hospitals, all through the great American

Pierre-Jean de Béranger (1780-1857) was a popular and influential French poet and songwriter whose lyrics were

reference to holly alludes to Burns's poem, "The Vision" (1786): "Green, slender, leaf-clad holly boughs/Were

Grass, in addition to a few images and phrasings that Whitman used in the second (1856) and third (1860

A brief passage on surface 12 possibly contributed to the poem first published in 1860 as the fourth

Two passages on surface 21 were used in the tenth poem of the 1855 Leaves of Grass, later titled There

Two of the draft lines of poetry on surface 31 were used in the untitled third poem of the Debris cluster

in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass.

"If the general" and "If you are happy" in the untitled third poem of the "Debris" cluster in the 1860

—What real Americans can be made out of slaves?

not equally interested in the preservation of those states or cities—or that portion was degraded form

first printed in the second (1856) and third (1860–1861) editions.

Whitman revised the text on leaf 23 verso to include a rather long passage that exceeded the space available

edition of Leaves of Grass but that the notebook also contains material clearly related to things that were

first printed in the second (1856) and third (1860–1861) editions.

Whitman revised the text on leaf 23 verso to include a rather long passage that exceeded the space available