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City Lunch N.Y.

Express, Oct. 21, 1856 "But for the American party, the Northern, sectional, geographical party of Wm

To you endless an To you, these, to report nature, man, politics, from an American point of view.

Lo, interminable intersecting streets in cities, full of living people, coming and going!

Ohioan and Kentuckian, a friendly neighbor, W Sauntering the streets of Boston, Portland, long list of cities

(See Bowers, Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] A Parallel Text [Chicago: The University of

It is of course possible, however, that parts of the notebook were inscribed before and/or after the

Much of the notebook is devoted to draft material for the 1860 poem eventually titled "Starting from

brief passage (on the verso of leaf 25) seems clearly to have contributed to "Song at Sunset," another 1860

It is unclear which pages were inscribed first; furthermore, several of the leaves have become detached

city, and brought up in Brooklyn and in New York.

They are certainly filled with an American spirit, breathe the American air, and assert the fullest American

Year 85 of the States (1860—61). London: Trübner & Co.

The first three cantos of his epic poem, The Messiah ( Der Messias ), were published in 1749; the final

cantos were published in 1773.

The first three cantos of his epic poem, The Messiah (Der Messias), were published in 1749; the final

cantos were published in 1773.

The first several lines of Pictures (not including this line) were revised and published as My Picture-Gallery

in The American in October 1880.

This manuscript may relate to the poem titled A Song of Joys, which first appeared in the 1860 Leaves

(1860, p. 259).

"If the general" and "If you are happy" in the untitled third poem of the "Debris" cluster in the 1860

—What real Americans can be made out of slaves?

not equally interested in the preservation of those states or cities—or that portion was degraded form

first printed in the second (1856) and third (1860–1861) editions.

Whitman revised the text on leaf 23 verso to include a rather long passage that exceeded the space available

edition of Leaves of Grass but that the notebook also contains material clearly related to things that were

first printed in the second (1856) and third (1860–1861) editions.

Whitman revised the text on leaf 23 verso to include a rather long passage that exceeded the space available

See Holloway, A Whitman Manuscript, American Mercury 3 (December 1924), 475–480. See also Andrew C.

One passage seems to have contributed to the 1860–1861 poem that Whitman later titled Our Old Feuillage

The first several lines of that poem (not including the line in question) were revised and published

as My Picture-Gallery in The American in October 1880 and then in Leaves of Grass as part of the Autumn

Boston, Thayer & Eldridge. 1860 Washington, Philp & Solomons.

and the opening words of his critique on the latter were graduated to a point no finer than to say, "

If the Aristarch of "Scotch Reviewers" were still in the flesh, and felt called, in the spirit of the

characterize this singular production by saying that Walt Whitman, who describes himself as ——an American

Review of Leaves of Grass (1860–61)

Year 85 of the States—1860-61. 1 vol., pp. 456.

His writings were neither poetry nor prose, but a curious medley, a mixture of quaint utterances and

people were to be enlightened and civilized and cultivated up to the proper standard, by virtue of his

How the floridness of the materials of cities shriv- els shrivels before a man's or woman's look!

The comedic works of François Rabelais (c. 1490-1553) were known for their risqué quality.

The comedic works of François Rabelais (c. 1490-1553) were known for their risqué quality.

surrounded by blatherers, and always impregnable—the perpetual coming of immigrants—the wharf-hemmed cities

all climates and the uttermost parts—the noble character of the young mechanics, and of all free American

enterprise—the perfect equality of the female with the male—the large amativeness—the fluid movement of the population

," &c.** "For such the expression of the American poet is to be transcendent and new."

Alexander Wilson (1766-1813) and John James Audobon (1785-1851) were both acclaimed ornithologists and

Alexander Wilson (1766-1813) and John James Audobon (1785-1851) were both acclaimed ornithologists and

his way from city to city, and to have consorted liberally with the draff of men on bold and equal conditions

He pictures the pageant of life in the country and in cities; all is a fine panorama, wherein mountains

gleams of sunlight, babes on the breast and dead men in shrouds, pyramids and brothels, deserts and populated

All I mark as my own, you shall offset it with your own, Else it were time lost listening to me.

All the stuff which offended American virtue is to be found here.

The poem was first titled Poem of Walt Whitman, an American in the 1856 edition, and Whitman shortened

the title to Walt Whitman in 1860–1861.

and by, above, and My tongue can never be content with harness, below, make a connection with the 1860

I know a rich capitalist who, out of his wealth, built a marble church, the most splendid in the city

intended to scare away unrest The genuine m M an is not, as would have him, like one of a block of city

The first several lines of the notebook (not including this line) were revised and published as "My Picture-Gallery

" in The American in October 1880.

See Holloway, "A Whitman Manuscript," American Mercury 3 (December 1924), 475–480.

See Holloway, "A Whitman Manuscript," American Mercury 3 (December 1924), 475–480.

One passage seems to have contributed to the 1860–1861 poem that Whitman later titled "Our Old Feuillage

A N American bard at last!

Where is the vehement growth of our cities?

If health were not his distinguishing attribute, this poet would be the very harlot of persons.

Walt Whitman was born on Long-Island, on the hills about thirty miles from the greatest American city

not be put off unanswered, spring continually through the perusal of these Leaves of Grass: If there were

the Orientalism of the book is manifestly unconscious, it is really meant to be, and is, intensely American

He dreams a dream of "a city invincible to the attacks of the whole of the rest of the earth," which

We many notice here that among the young Americans whom this strange poet or prophet has inspired, one

To a small job printing-office in that city belongs the honour, if such, of bringing it to light.

If he will but learn to tame a little, America will at last have a genuine American poet.

In the 1856 edition it was titled Poem of Walt Whitman, an American, and Whitman shortened the title

to Walt Whitman in 1860–1861.

if our colors were struck and the fighting done?

Only three guns were in use.

only one man…he is the father of those who shall be fathers in their turns: In him the start of populous

does not prevail throughout the volume, for we learn on p. 29, that our poet is "Walt Whitman, an American

That he was an American, we knew before, for, aside from America, there is no quarter of the universe

of these states that they are to hold sway over physical objects, over armies, navies, wealth, population

Hudson's 'Thoughts on Reading,' American Whig Review, 1 (May 1845), 483–496, which he clipped and annotated

Hudson's 'Thoughts on Reading,' American Whig Review, 1 (May 1845), 483–496, which he clipped and annotated

Leaves of Grass Boston: Thayer and Eldridge. 1860–61. pp.456.

Walt Whitman is sane enough to do the poetry for an American newspaper or two: from whose columns these

supposed to answer this question: All I mark as my own, you shall offset it with your own, Else it were

Presently he dissects his own individuality a little more closely: Walt Whitman, an American, one of

Review of Leaves of Grass (1860–61)

and 1860poetryhandwritten1 leaf8 x 15.5 cm; This manuscript was probably written between 1850 and 1860

The lines are similar in subject to lines in the poem To One Shortly To Die, first published in the 1860

Fragmentary lines written on the back of this manuscript leaf (uva.00561) were used in the poem eventually

On that occasion we were spared the trouble of setting forth the new poet's merits, as he or his publisher

, which we were satisfied to reprint along with a few extracts illustrative of the volume they recommended

We are almost ashamed to ask the question—but do American ladies read Mr. Whitman?

A sort of catalogue of scenes of American life, which, according to Mr.

London: Trübner and Co. 1860.

.— This manuscript was probably written between 1850 and 1860.

lines are similar in subject to lines in the poem "To One Shortly to Die," first published in the 1860

Fragmentary lines written on the back of this manuscript leaf were used in the poem eventually titled

This manuscript was probably written between 1850 and 1860.

lines are similar in subject to lines in the poem "To One Shortly to Die," first published in the 1860

manuscript are similar in subject to lines in the poem "To One Shortly to Die," first published in the 1860

for instance, the line: "You are to die—Let others tell you what they please, I cannot prevaricate" (1860

from digital images of the original.; Fragmentary lines written on the back of this manuscript leaf were

Grass, in addition to a few images and phrasings that Whitman used in the second (1856) and third (1860

A brief passage on surface 12 possibly contributed to the poem first published in 1860 as the fourth

Two passages on surface 21 were used in the tenth poem of the 1855 Leaves of Grass, later titled There

Two of the draft lines of poetry on surface 31 were used in the untitled third poem of the Debris cluster

in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass.

"The Two Vaults," a poem that is recorded in a New York notebook that probably dates to the early 1860s

A note about an editorial on "American Expansion and Settlement Inland" is written on the back of this

"The Two Vaults," a poem that is recorded in a New York notebook that probably dates to the early 1860s

Notebook (1861–1862).; Transcribed from digital images of the original.; A note about an editorial on "American

before introducing us to his poetry, to enlighten our benighted minds as to the true function of the American

The Americans of all nations at any time upon the earth have probably the fullest poetical nature.

peace is the routine out of him speaks the spirit of peace, large, rich, thrifty, building vast and populous

statistics as far back as the records reach is in you this hour—and myths and tales the same; If you were

backtop, The faces of hunters and fishers, bulged at the brows …the shaved blanched faces of orthodox citi

Leaves, ultimately titled "Song of Myself," and part of a cluster titled "Debris" that appeared in the 1860

Joel Myerson (New York: Garland, 1993); Major American Authors on CD-Rom: Walt Whitman (Westport, CT:

Leaves, ultimately titled "Song of Myself," and part of a cluster titled "Debris" that appeared in the 1860

manuscripts, this manuscript may also relate to lines 39-43 in "Debris," a cluster published in the 1860

and confound them, / You shall see me showing a scarlet tomato, and a white pebble from the beach" (1860

Joel Myerson (New York: Garland, 1993); Major American Authors on CD-Rom: Walt Whitman (Westport, CT:

republican egotism: "What very properly fits a subject of the British crown, may fit very ill an American

Sure as the heavens envelop the earth, if the Americans want a race of bards worthy of 1855, and of the

only one man…he is the father of those who shall be fathers in their turns, In him the start of populous

Leaves of Grass," of the Brooklyn poet who describes himself in one of them as: "Walt Whitman, an American

spite of all the freedom which has budded and bloomed since that year 1616, when his sacred ashes were

of the leading publishers of the United States is a literary event, for through it the greatest American

I rubbed my eyes a little to see if this sunbeam were no illusion, but the solid sense of the book is

He looks exceeding well in his broad hat, wide collar and suit of modest gray.

unknown before, Subtler than ever, more harmony, as if born here, re- lated related here, Not to the city's

is already established as a popular American classic.

Language in the manuscript is also similar to language that appears in the poem "Poem of Joys" (1860)

Language in the manuscript is also similar to language that appears in the poem "Poem of Joys" (1860)

The first several lines of "Pictures" (not including this line) were revised and published as "My Picture-Gallery

" in The American in October 1880.

46).; This manuscript may relate to the poem titled "A Song of Joys," which first appeared in the 1860

(1860, p. 259).

a thing as a touch has unhaltered The similarity of this manuscript to other drafts of lines that were

includes ideas and phrases that resemble those used in "Unnamed Lands," a poem published first in the 1860

The similarity of this manuscript to other drafts of lines that were used in poems published in the 1855

includes ideas and phrases that resemble those used in "Unnamed Lands," a poem published first in the 1860

duk.00029xxx.00048xxx.00121MS q 27Remembrances I plant American groundBetween 1850 and 1855poetry1 leafhandwritten

On the reverse (duk.00884) is a list of rivers, lakes, and cities that likely contributed to Poem of

Salutation in the 1856 edition of Leaves.; duk.00884 Remembrances I plant American ground

.— Lines from this passage were revised and used in the poem eventually titled "The Sleepers," which

strong and solid arguments against slavery—lawyer—practical man—arguments addressed to the great American

crops fail—to forego all the flour and pork of the western states— to burn the navy, or half the a populous

town were less to lose, than one of his great sayings to lose.— Each word is sweet medicine to the soul

Mean as they are when we have ascended beyond them, and look back, they were doubtless the roads for

Songs of Parting,' under which the last is 'So Long,' a title that a foreigner and perhaps many an American

There were plenty of criticisms to make, even after one had finished crying Oh!

A cardinal sin in the eyes of most critics is the use of French, Spanish, and American-Spanish words

He shows crudely the American way of incorporating into the language a handy or a high-sounding word

and his mode of expression is immense, often flat, very often monotonous, like our great sprawling cities

to American persons, pro- gresses progresses , cities? Chicago, Canada, Arkansas?

I loved well those cities, I loved well the stately and rapid river, The men and women I saw were all

They were purified by death—they were taught and exalted.

ment atonement , Knows that the young man who composedly periled his life and lost it, has done exceeding

There are Thirty-Two States sketched—the population thirty millions.

Lines from the notebook were used in Song of Myself and A Song of the Rolling Earth, which appeared in

appeared as the fourth poem in the 1855 Leaves; and A Song of Joys, which appeared as Poem of Joys in the 1860

Remembrances I plant American ground with, for you young men Lessons to think, I diffuse scatter in the

Written on the back of this leaf is a list of rivers, lakes, and cities that may have contributed to

Remembrances I plant American ground

.; Written on the back of this leaf is a list of rivers, lakes, and cities that may have contributed

nyp.00511xxx.00048[I can tell of the long besieged city]I can tell of the long besieged city1845–1855prosepoetry1

leafhandwritten; A scrap of paper with poetic lines that were used in revised form in the 1855 edition

The lines contained in this manuscript were eventually used in the poem ultimately titled Song of Myself

[I can tell of the long besieged city]

and the family at large accumulated by past ages, With all which would have been nothing if anything were

I assert that all past days were what they should have been, And that they could no-how have been better

than they were, And that today is what it should be— and that America is, And that today and America

fellow Dutchman, Jan Matthys, along with other Anabaptists, briefly established a theocracy in the city

The Münster Rebellion ended when Protestant and Catholic armies took over the city; van Leiden was executed

fellow Dutchman, Jan Matthys, along with other Anabaptists, briefly established a theocracy in the city

The Münster Rebellion ended when Protestant and Catholic armies took over the city; van Leiden was executed

ONCE I PASS'D THROUGH A POPULOUS CITY.

ONCE I pass'd through a populous city, imprinting my brain, for future use, with its shows, architec-

American masses!

RECEPTION JAPANESE EMBASSY, JUNE, 1860. 1 OVER the western sea, hither from Niphon come, Courteous the

to American persons, pro- gresses progresses , cities? Chicago, Kanada, Arkansas?

Leaves of Grass (1860–1861) Leaves of Grass (1860–1861) a machine readable transcription Walt Whitman

to American persons, progresses, cities? Chicago, Kanada, Arkansas?

American masses!

AMERICAN mouth-songs!

ONCE I passed through a populous city, imprinting my brain, for future use, with its shows, architec-

clipped-out segment of leaf002v, which continues onto the page that remains here, includes lines that were

Myself and Mine": "Let others praise eminent men and hold up peace—I hold up agitation and conflict" (1860

The first several lines of the poem (not including this line) were revised and published in The American

and the neighbor must fetch out a cup and go half halves; for both loved tea, and had no money, and were

Selections and subjects from this notebook were used in the 1855 edition of Leaves of Grass, including

Selections and subjects from this notebook were used in the 1855 edition of Leaves of Grass, including

says Mr Emerson in the printed letter sent to us,—"I rubbed my eyes a little, to see if this sunbeam were

All I mark as my own, you shall offset it with your own, Else it were time lost listening to me.

If nothing lay more developed the quahaug and its callous shell were enough.

and mangers . . the mows and racks: Manufactures . . commerce . . engineering . . the building of cities

snowstorm or rainstorm . . . . the tow-trowsers . . . . the lodge-hut in the woods, and the still-hunt: City

" (tex.00200) two sets of manuscript notes about Egypt that Edward Grier dates to between 1855 and 1860

Both manuscripts were probably written shortly before or early in 1855, though the notes on the backing

The sternest enemy of the American philosopher and of the great fog-bank school to which he, in some

These dreary pieces of laboured humour are not as popular now as they were twenty years ago, but Walt

J OHN H OLLINGSHEAD . ∗ Leaves of Grass Boston (U.S.): Thayer and Eldridge. 1860–61. J. T. S.

These are slightly misquoted lines from the 1860 , pp. 46-47.

.; These are slightly misquoted lines from the 1860 Leaves of Grass, pp. 46-47.

Ruskin insists that there are errors and blemishes of such exceeding and immedicable vileness that, if

Having got at his secret, you soon learn to take stock of the American bard.

When we reflect that, among the American poets thus slightingly waived aside, were, to mention no others

In his ideal city "the men and women think lightly of the laws."

Tammany Hall is famous as the democratic machine in New York city politics.

Both painters were denounced by John Ruskin in similar terms in Modern Painters, The Complete Works of

1813–1873) was a Scottish explorer of Africa, and Paul Belloni Du Chaillu (1835—1903) was a French-American

Fiske," was a leading American actress of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.

Tammany Hall is famous as the democratic machine in New York city politics.

fool'd 114 Native Moments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Once I Pass'd through a Populous City

ONCE I PASS'D THROUGH A POPULOUS CITY.

ONCE I pass'd through a populous city, imprinting my brain, for future use, with its shows, architec-

(RECEPTION JAPANESE EMBASSY, JUNE 16, 1860.)

to American persons, pro- gresses progresses , cities? Chicago, Kanada, Arkansas?

believe, of the famous Whitman's poems, which made such a flutter among the "gray goose quills" of this city

But the author reasoning that the spirit of the American people, nay, of any people is chiefly represented

His own picture: "Walt Whitman, an American, one of the roughs, a Kosmos, Disorderly, fleshy, sensual

They live in other young men, O kings, They live in brothers, again ready to defy you: They were purified

by death…They were taught and exalted.

Schiller, had fulfilled their tasks and gone to other spheres; and all that remained with few exceptions, were

They stand, as it were, on clear mountains of intellectual elevation, and with keenest perception discern

He wears strange garb, cut and made by himself, as gracefully as a South American cavalier his poncho

A portion of that thought which broods over the American nation, is here seized and bodied forth by a

bibliographical data is missing; reprinted in Whitman, Leaves of Grass Imprints(Boston: Thayer & Eldridge, 1860

bibliographical data is missing; reprinted in Whitman, Leaves of Grass Imprints(Boston: Thayer & Eldridge, 1860

Nay, have we not felt we were in some sort worse than those others, because, being guilty, we were praised

A thousand copies were printed.

Few if any copies of the book were sold.

When the war was over he obtained, successively, two offices under the American Government.

Makepeace Thackeray (1811–1863), English novelist, best known for his satirical novel Vanity Fair American

.; American writer (1825–1878) who wrote for newspapers, travel books, novels, poetry, and critical essays

the finest strain that a human ear can hear, yet conclusively and past all refutation, that there were

contemporary lands, I will trail the whole geography of the globe, and salute cour- teously courteously every city

oceans and inland seas, over the continents of the world, over mountains, forests, rivers, plains, and cities

Consequently, Walt Whitman, who presents himself as the Poet of the American Republic in the Present

Meantime we submit, as appropriate in this connection, the following critical remarks from the North American

Year 85 of the States (1860—61). Walt Whitman

Gibson, an American adventurer (Walt Whitman, Selected Poems, 1855–1892, ed.

Martin's Griffin, 1999], 488; Walt Whitman and the Class Struggle [Iowa City: University of Iowa Press

We were aware of this, and expected in an American poet some one who would sing for us gently, in a minor

And to explain it evident and sufficient causes were producible, and were produced.

The splendour, picturesqueness, and oceanic amplitude and rush of these great cities, the unsurpassed

but such a picture only represents the worst side of the life of great cities.

Only I will establish in the Mannahatta, and in every city of These States, inland and seaboard, And

the woman of the Indian tribes, are represented in the "Songs of the Sierras" as never before in American