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1Untitled and UnidentifiedUndated, on the American Idiomloc.05619xxx.00047his poem of theBetween 1850

The poem originally appeared as the first poem in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass, titled Proto-leaf

The poem first appeared in the 1860 edition as Proto-Leaf. Proem

between rough drafts of poems in this notebook (called An Early Notebook in White's edition) and the 1860

On surface 54 is a passage that seems to have contributed to the 1860 poem that became Song at Sunset

This manuscript contributed to the poem Proto-Leaf, which was first published in the 1860 edition of

The published version of Mediums, originally Chants Democratic No. 16 in the 1860–1861 edition of Leaves

Starting from Paumanok was published first in the 1860–1861 edition of Leaves of Grass as Proto-Leaf.

share common ideas expressed throughout Leaves of Grass, especially in many of the new poems to the 1860

Premonition was published as the introductory poem to the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass under the title

verso of leaf 15 and part of leaf 16 appears a draft of what would become section 11 of Calamus in the 1860

50-51uva.00183xxx.00005xxx.00047xxx.00062[Once I passed through a populous]I am the child of Democracy1857

16 cm; The recto verses appearing on this manuscript became the main section 9 of Enfans d'Adam in 1860

and were retitled Once I Pass'd Through a Populous City in 1867.

[Once I passed through a populous]

section contains, five undeleted draft lines that would become the final verses of Proto-Leaf in the 1860

These Thought lines became section 11 of Chants Democratic in 1860.

similarity this fragment bears both to the 1856 Poem of the Road (later Song of the Open Road) and to the 1860

revision of the former poem or, as seems more likely, an early draft of Proto-Leaf intended for the 1860

Leaves of Grass (1860–1861) Leaves of Grass (1860–1861) a machine readable transcription Walt Whitman

to American persons, progresses, cities? Chicago, Kanada, Arkansas?

American masses!

AMERICAN mouth-songs!

ONCE I passed through a populous city, imprinting my brain, for future use, with its shows, architec-

Paumanok, where I was born, Fond of the sea—lusty-begotten and various, Boy of the Mannahatta, the city

of ships, my city, Or raised inland, or of the south savannas, Or full-breath'd on Californian air,

put in my poems, that with you is heroism, upon land and sea—And I will report all heroism from an American

ideal of manly love, indicating it in me; I will therefore let flame from me the burning fires that were

count- less countless herds of buffalo, feeding on short curly grass; See, in my poems, old and new cities

contemporary lands, I will trail the whole geography of the globe, and salute cour- teously courteously every city

oceans and inland seas, over the continents of the world, over mountains, forests, rivers, plains, and cities

Consequently, Walt Whitman, who presents himself as the Poet of the American Republic in the Present

Meantime we submit, as appropriate in this connection, the following critical remarks from the North American

Year 85 of the States (1860—61). Walt Whitman

Year 85 of the States—1860-61. 1 vol., pp. 456.

His writings were neither poetry nor prose, but a curious medley, a mixture of quaint utterances and

people were to be enlightened and civilized and cultivated up to the proper standard, by virtue of his

How the floridness of the materials of cities shriv- els shrivels before a man's or woman's look!

The comedic works of François Rabelais (c. 1490-1553) were known for their risqué quality.

The comedic works of François Rabelais (c. 1490-1553) were known for their risqué quality.

A NEW AMERICAN POEM.

It has been a favorite subject of complaint with English critics and reviewers, in treating of American

efforts in polite letters have been but feeble imitations of English originals, lunar reflections, as it were

She married Heenan in September 1859; it became public knowledge in January 1860.

Review of Leaves of Grass (1860–61)

the New Nebuchadnezzar" in a list of Henry Clapp's bon mots in the New-York Saturday Press, May 26, 1860

On 16 April 1860, in Farnborough, England, Heenan fought Tom Sayers, the British Champion, in the "World

She married Heenan in September 1859; it became public knowledge in January 1860.

In February 1860 Alexander Menken revealed that he had never divorced Adah and she was publicly reviled

published a number of poems in the Sunday Mercury, including "The Autograph on the Soul" in April 1860

Nature had given him a strong constitution, and his features were those of a dreamy sensualist.

to American persons, progresses, cities?—Chicago, Kanada, Arkansas?

Walt Whitman, an American, one of the roughs, a Kosmos, Disorderly, fleshy, sensual, eating, drinking

vulgar inditings of an uneducated man, free from any Old World philosophy, or Old World religion, were

City Lunch N.Y.

Express, Oct. 21, 1856 "But for the American party, the Northern, sectional, geographical party of Wm

To you endless an To you, these, to report nature, man, politics, from an American point of view.

Lo, interminable intersecting streets in cities, full of living people, coming and going!

Ohioan and Kentuckian, a friendly neighbor, W Sauntering the streets of Boston, Portland, long list of cities

(See Bowers, Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] A Parallel Text [Chicago: The University of

It is of course possible, however, that parts of the notebook were inscribed before and/or after the

Much of the notebook is devoted to draft material for the 1860 poem eventually titled "Starting from

brief passage (on the verso of leaf 25) seems clearly to have contributed to "Song at Sunset," another 1860

It is unclear which pages were inscribed first; furthermore, several of the leaves have become detached

The sternest enemy of the American philosopher and of the great fog-bank school to which he, in some

These dreary pieces of laboured humour are not as popular now as they were twenty years ago, but Walt

J OHN H OLLINGSHEAD . ∗ Leaves of Grass Boston (U.S.): Thayer and Eldridge. 1860–61. J. T. S.

These are slightly misquoted lines from the 1860 , pp. 46-47.

.; These are slightly misquoted lines from the 1860 Leaves of Grass, pp. 46-47.

where I was born, Well-begotten, and rais'd by a perfect mother; After roaming many lands—lover of populous

pave- ments pavements ; Dweller in Mannahatta, city of ships, my city—or on southern savannas; Or a

put in my poems, that with you is heroism, upon land and sea—And I will report all heroism from an American

ideal of manly love, indicating it in me; I will therefore let flame from me the burning fires that were

Continent, from the Western Sea to Man- hattan Manhattan ; See, through Atlantica's depths, pulses American

fool'd 114 Native Moments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Once I Pass'd through a Populous City

ONCE I PASS'D THROUGH A POPULOUS CITY.

ONCE I pass'd through a populous city, imprinting my brain, for future use, with its shows, architec-

(RECEPTION JAPANESE EMBASSY, JUNE 16, 1860.)

to American persons, pro- gresses progresses , cities? Chicago, Kanada, Arkansas?

of West Hills, Long Island, in the state of New York, somewhere about thirty miles from the great American

To the very dregs and scum and squalor of the evil streets of a bad city he cries out—by a subtle violation

At the City Dead House in his "Leaves of Grass," we see him standing—gazing—yearning, in tenderest pity

And, as it has been with those, so it is now and henceforth with this true American Poet Walt Whitman

the manly poet himself going his sickening rounds in the ghastly hospitals, all through the great American

Pierre-Jean de Béranger (1780-1857) was a popular and influential French poet and songwriter whose lyrics were

reference to holly alludes to Burns's poem, "The Vision" (1786): "Green, slender, leaf-clad holly boughs/Were

where I was born, Well-begotten, and raised by a perfect mother; After roaming many lands—lover of populous

pavements; Dweller in Mannahatta ‡ , city of ships, my city— or on southern savannas; Or a soldier camped

probably had in his pockets while we were talking.

that men and women were flexible, real, alive! that everything was alive!

To think of all these wonders of city and country, and others taking great interest in them—and we taking

As if it were necessary to trot back generation after generation to the Eastern records!"

"I will report all heroism from an American point of view." "America always!

I assert that all past days were what they should have been.

It is done in this fashion: "I see the cities of the earth, and make myself at random a part of them;

And do you rise higher than ever yet, O days, O cities! Crash heavier, heavier yet, O storms!

ONCE I PASS'D THROUGH A POPULOUS CITY.

ONCE I pass'd through a populous city, imprinting my brain, for future use, with its shows, architec-

American masses!

RECEPTION JAPANESE EMBASSY, JUNE, 1860. 1 OVER the western sea, hither from Niphon come, Courteous the

to American persons, pro- gresses progresses , cities? Chicago, Kanada, Arkansas?

where I was born, Well-begotten, and rais'd by a perfect mother; After roaming many lands—lover of populous

pave- ments pavements ; Dweller in Mannahatta, my city—or on southern sa- vannas savannas ; Or a soldier

in my poems, that with you is heroism, upon land and sea; And I will report all heroism from an American

ideal of manly love, indicating it in me; I will therefore let flame from me the burning fires that were

Continent, from the Western Sea to Manhat- tan Manhattan ; See, through Atlantica's depths, pulses American

We were aware of this, and expected in an American poet some one who would sing for us gently, in a minor

And to explain it evident and sufficient causes were producible, and were produced.

The splendour, picturesqueness, and oceanic amplitude and rush of these great cities, the unsurpassed

but such a picture only represents the worst side of the life of great cities.

Only I will establish in the Mannahatta, and in every city of These States, inland and seaboard, And

the woman of the Indian tribes, are represented in the "Songs of the Sierras" as never before in American

American poets, and the clear reflection of national scenery to be found in their works.

We traced the rise of American poetry, and passed briefly in review the writings of Mrs.

Poe's early effusions, however, were fully of promise, and Mr.

Unitarian minister, and at one time discharged the like office with his father in Boston, his native city

American Poets Part 2

Ruskin insists that there are errors and blemishes of such exceeding and immedicable vileness that, if

Having got at his secret, you soon learn to take stock of the American bard.

When we reflect that, among the American poets thus slightingly waived aside, were, to mention no others

In his ideal city "the men and women think lightly of the laws."

Tammany Hall is famous as the democratic machine in New York city politics.

Both painters were denounced by John Ruskin in similar terms in Modern Painters, The Complete Works of

1813–1873) was a Scottish explorer of Africa, and Paul Belloni Du Chaillu (1835—1903) was a French-American

Fiske," was a leading American actress of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.

Tammany Hall is famous as the democratic machine in New York city politics.

Starting From Paumanok was first published as Proto-Leafin 1860. Starting from Paumanok

where I was born, Well-begotten, and rais'd by a perfect mother, After roaming many lands, lover of populous

pavements, Dweller in Mannahatta my city, or on southern savannas, Or a soldier camp'd or carrying my

poems that with you is hero- ism heroism upon land and sea, And I will report all heroism from an American

love, indi- cating indicating it in me, I will therefore let flame from me the burning fires that were

, the electric telegraph stretching across the continent, See, through Atlantica's depths pulses American

ONCE I PASS'D THROUGH A POPULOUS CITY.

ONCE I pass'd through a populous city imprinting my brain for future use with its shows, architecture

What does it mean to American persons, progresses, cities?

A NEWER garden of creation, no primal solitude, Dense, joyous, modern, populous millions, cities and

what were God?)

of the leading publishers of the United States is a literary event, for through it the greatest American

I rubbed my eyes a little to see if this sunbeam were no illusion, but the solid sense of the book is

He looks exceeding well in his broad hat, wide collar and suit of modest gray.

unknown before, Subtler than ever, more harmony, as if born here, re- lated related here, Not to the city's

is already established as a popular American classic.

A Perfect Poem-Picture of American Democracy. The Hermit Thoreau's Opinion of Our Good Gray Poet.

I have heard what the talkers were talking, the talk of the beginning and the end, But I do not talk

stoppage and never can be stoppage, If I, you and the worlds, and all beneath or upon their surfaces were

No doubt there have always been dens where such deeds were unblushingly recited, and it is no merit to

judgment, under the circumstances, is worthy of all commendation, but he might write differently today were

If these were merely the mouthings of individual pride, they would inspire deserved disgust.

Few American authors have the reputation abroad which Whitman has attained.

Nay, have we not felt we were in some sort worse than those others, because, being guilty, we were praised

A thousand copies were printed.

Few if any copies of the book were sold.

When the war was over he obtained, successively, two offices under the American Government.

Makepeace Thackeray (1811–1863), English novelist, best known for his satirical novel Vanity Fair American

.; American writer (1825–1878) who wrote for newspapers, travel books, novels, poetry, and critical essays

the finest strain that a human ear can hear, yet conclusively and past all refutation, that there were

where I was born, Well-begotten, and rais'd by a perfect mother, After roaming many lands, lover of populous

pavements, Dweller in Mannahatta my city, or on southern savannas, Or a soldier camp'd or carrying my

poems that with you is hero- ism heroism upon land and sea, And I will report all heroism from an American

love, indi- cating indicating it in me, I will therefore let flame from me the burning fires that were

, the electric telegraph stretching across the continent, See, through Atlantica's depths pulses American

Y., South District)—renew'd (1883) 14 yrs. 2d ed'n 1856, Brooklyn—renew'd (1884) 14 yrs. 3d ed'n 1860

ONCE I PASS'D THROUGH A POPULOUS CITY.

ONCE I pass'd through a populous city imprinting my brain for future use with its shows, architecture

What does it mean to American persons, progresses, cities?

A NEWER garden of creation, no primal solitude, Dense, joyous, modern, populous millions, cities and