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Among the "lions" of the great American metropolis, New York city, is the Picture Gallery at the upper

Termed "the American Daguerre" by the press, he soon fell on financial hard times and in 1847 sold his

Quoted in Robert Lifset, Power on the Hudson: Storm King Mountain and the Emergence of Modern American

James Kent (1763–1847) was an American jurist, legal scholar and chancellor of the New York Court of

Mickle (1805–1863) was Mayor of New York city, 1846–1847.

Termed "the American Daguerre" by the press, he soon fell on financial hard times and in 1847 sold his

Quoted in Robert Lifset, Power on the Hudson: Storm King Mountain and the Emergence of Modern American

James Kent (1763–1847) was an American jurist, legal scholar and chancellor of the New York Court of

Everett (1790–1847) was a diplomat, politician and man of letters.; Luigi Persico (1791-1860) was an

Mickle (1805–1863) was Mayor of New York city, 1846–1847.

To this day this remains the largest one-person exhibition by an American artist ever to be held there

See Dippie, Catlin and His Contemporaries, 120–21; Joan Carpenter Troccoli, "George Catlin: An American

Artist at Home and Abroad," in Stephanie Pratt and Joan Carpenter Troccoli, George Catlin: American

precious collection" Painter George Peter Alexander Healy (1813–1894) was one of more than a dozen American

have the opportunity of restoring to our country these paintings and memorials, so emphatically American

To this day this remains the largest one-person exhibition by an American artist ever to be held there

See Dippie,Catlin and His Contemporaries, 120–21; Joan Carpenter Troccoli, "George Catlin: An American

Artist at Home and Abroad," in Stephanie Pratt and Joan Carpenter Troccoli, George Catlin: American

July 9, 1846, n. 3.; Painter George Peter Alexander Healy (1813–1894) was one of more than a dozen American

Episcopalian Grace Church was the first major commission of American architect James Renwick, Jr. (1818

crowd was fashionable, and in numbers sufficient to resemble a rout among the very choicest of the city

Is that to be compared for a moment with the tall-spired temples of our great cities, where "the pride

Pierson, Jr., American Buildings and Their Architects: Technology and the Picturesque: The Corporate

and the Early Gothic Styles (Garden City, New York: Anchor Books, 1980), 159–171. lift man into a complacent

.; Episcopalian Grace Church was the first major commission of American architect James Renwick, Jr.

Pierson, Jr., American Buildings and Their Architects: Technology and the Picturesque: The Corporate

and the Early Gothic Styles (Garden City, New York: Anchor Books, 1980), 159–171.; Whitman continues

It is a frequent remark that we Americans do not give enough encouragement to the fine arts.

Lithographs are images drawn on finely polished limestone that were then run through special printing

The first color lithographs (chromos) in America were printed in Boston in 1840.

The works were generally sold through auction houses, fancy goods stores, or distributed by image peddlers

Yet the average intellect and education of the American people is ahead of all other parts of the world

Lithographs are images drawn on finely polished limestone that were then run through special printing

The first color lithographs (chromos) in America were printed in Boston in 1840.

The works were generally sold through auction houses, fancy goods stores, or distributed by image peddlers

Michele Bogart, "The Development of a Popular Market for Sculpture in America: 1850–1880," Journal of American

Nassau Street is located in the financial district in the borough of Manhattan in New York City.

bear some resemblance to the plot of "Revenge and Requital," though it is unclear whether the notes were

seem to thrive well, and, with perhaps one exception, the lawyer's prospects in the matrimonial way were

The rain now poured down a cataract; the shops were all shut; few of the street lamps were lighted; and

Heaven itself (so deranged were his imaginings) appeared to have provided a fitting scene and time for

Nassau Street is located in the financial district in the borough of Manhattan in New York City.; Whitman

bear some resemblance to the plot of "Revenge and Requital," though it is unclear whether the notes were

After desolating the cities of the eastern world, the dreaded Cholera made its appearance on our American

See John Duff, History of Public Health in New York City, 1625–1866 , Volume 1 (New York: Russell Sage

Wherever the worst cases of the contagion were to be found, he also was to be found.

It even seemed as if he were thus making interest in the Courts of Heaven.

Boarding houses flourished in New York City in the mid-nineteenth century.

Here, Whitman may be referring to the cholera outbreak in 1832 that prompted many to leave New York City

See John Duff, History of Public Health in New York City, 1625–1866, Volume 1 (New York: Russell Sage

Boarding houses flourished in New York City in the mid-nineteenth century.

published in the New York Aurora on March 18, 1842, Whitman estimated that "half the inhabitants of the city

hire accommodations at these houses," and noted that "if we were called upon to describe the universal

motions, and looks of the dead—the warning voice from above—pursued him like tormenting furies, and were

He would fly on, on, on, until amid different scenes and a new life, the old memories were rubbed entirely

And amidst the thousand mute mouths and eloquent eyes, which appeared as it were to look up and speak

Nearer by were cultivated fields.

At his side was the large well-kept garden of his host, in which were many pretty flowers, grass plots

Fifth American edition, from the third London edition, greatly improved by the Author.

John Keese (1805–1856) was an American auctioneer, editor, and publisher.

See A History of the Parish of Trinity Church in the City of New York (New York: G. P.

History of the AMERICAN REVOLUTION.

D., author of 'Sketches of American History.' Harpers, 82 Cliff st., N. Y.

.; John Keese (1805–1856) was an American auctioneer, editor, and publisher.; John Gadsby Chapman (1808

–1889) was an American artist known for his painting Baptism of Pocahontas (1840) for the United States

Gift books were not normally very religious but The Opal contained many contributions from clergymen

Henry Theodore Tuckerman (1813–1871) was an American essayist, critic, and writer from Boston. Rev.

See A History of the Parish of Trinity Church in the City of New York (New York: G. P.

Rham, Loudon, Low, and Youatt, and the most eminent American authors. Edited by D. P. Gardner, M.

Edwards Lester, Charles Edwards Lester (1815–1890) was an American writer, statesman and diplomat.

The book's full title was The Artists of America: A Series of Biographical Sketches of American Artists

intent was graphically reinforced on the title page, where the letters of 'America' in the book's title were

sketch of Washington Allston, Washington Allston (1779–1843), painter, poet and a leading figure in American

.; Charles Edwards Lester (1815–1890) was an American writer, statesman and diplomat.

The book's full title was The Artists of America: A Series of Biographical Sketches of American Artists

intent was graphically reinforced on the title page, where the letters of 'America' in the book's title were

Charles Burt (c.1823–1892).; Washington Allston (1779–1843), painter, poet and a leading figure in American

In this role West served as a prominent mentor and advisor to three generations of American artists studying

Major Samuel Ringgold (1796–1846), a West Point graduate killed in the Mexican–American war, became a

Augusta Browne (1820–1882) was a prolific American composer and author.

Sigourney (1791–1865), Caroline Hyde Butler Laing (1804–1892) and Elizabeth Oakes Smith (1808–1893) were

Also included was a portrait of portraitist and American history painter Benjamin West (1738–1832) and

Hall has contributed an excellent story and the "Sketches Abroad," by an American lady, are exceedingly

.; Major Samuel Ringgold (1796–1846), a West Point graduate killed in the Mexican–American war, became

Augusta Browne (1820–1882) was a prolific American composer and author.

Sigourney (1791–1865), Caroline Hyde Butler Laing (1804–1892) and Elizabeth Oakes Smith (1808–1893) were

who in 1867 would publish a book about his acquaintances in the art world: Book of the Artists: American

Also included was a portrait of portraitist and American history painter Benjamin West (1738–1832) and

A great deal is said by American writers and orators about the duty and mission of America, to the future

One of them is to preserve the Memory of the Red Men, the North American 'Indians,' as they are miscalled

like many of his contemporaries following the Indian Removal Act of 1830, believed that the Indians were

Whitman shared Catlin's belief that the Indians were a dying race, and late in his career, in the poem

Today Catlin's paintings are housed in the Smithsonian American Art Museum.

.; George Catlin (1796–1872) was an American painter, author, collector and entrepreneur who, like many

of his contemporaries following the Indian Removal Act of 1830, believed that the Indians were a doomed

and Therese Thau Heyman, eds., George Catlin and His Indian Gallery (Washington, DC: Smithsonian American

Whitman shared Catlin's belief that the Indians were a dying race, and late in his career, in the poem

Indians (1841) and Catlin's North American Indian Portfolio, Hunting Scenes and Amusements of the Rocky

Matters Which Were Seen and Done in an Afternoon Ramble MATTERS WHICH WERE SEEN AND DONE IN AN AFTERNOON

Members were also eligible for a drawing of original works of art by living American artists.

On the history of the American Art–Union, see Mary Bartlett Cowdrey, American Academy of Fine Arts and

once back on American soil.

In Greek mythology, the Pleiades were the seven daughters of Atlas who were pursued by Orion until Zeus

Until its demise in 1852, the American Art–Union sponsored free exhibitions of the work of American artists

Members were also eligible for a drawing of original works of art by living American artists.

On the history of the American Art–Union, see Mary Bartlett Cowdrey, American Academy of Fine Arts and

once back on American soil.

In Greek mythology, the Pleiades were the seven daughters of Atlas who were pursued by Orion until Zeus

For a complete list of revisions to the language of the Franklin Evans version of the story that were

He seemed to be looked upon by the others as a sort of prompter, from whom they were to take cue.

evinced by him in a hundred freaks and remarks to his companions, during their stay in that place, were

A second, third and fourth time were the glasses filled; and the effect thereof began to be perceived

At the end of that hour, the words "perhaps when you arrive she may be dead ," were not effaced from

For a complete list of revisions to the language of the Franklin Evans version of the story that were

Meetings in which speakers described conversion experiences similar to this one were an important part

The country is not half just to this eloquent writer; an honor and a glory as he is to the American name—and

style, aided by the pictures, afford a certainty of realizing and comprehending what is told, as if it were

allow its lessons of awe to reach the mind, and impress it with the fresh and holy images which they were

book was published by George Virtue (1794–1868), a London publisher with offices in New York, which were

Many of the drawings for the Illustrated Family Bible were contributed by the British engraver William

book was published by George Virtue (1794–1868), a London publisher with offices in New York, which were

Many of the drawings for the Illustrated Family Bible were contributed by the British engraver William

" May 5, 1844, Sunday Times & Noah's Weekly Messenger (New York), The Journalism , 1: 190–91; and "City

Poet's Mound, and a fourth of Ocean Hill As with other rural cemeteries, locations within Greenwood were

at Clarke's grave and expressed sympathy for the poet in both "A Visit to Greenwood Cemetery" and "City

preserved in each of them; the sombre shade of the trees even, and the heavy pall, draping, as it were

The drawings in Greenwood Illustrated were taken on the spot by James Smillie; James Smillie (1807–1885

," May 5, 1844, Sunday Times & Noah's Weekly Messenger (New York), The Journalism, 1: 190–91; and "City

County Democrat, The Journalism, 1: 421–23.; As with other rural cemeteries, locations within Greenwood were

at Clarke's grave and expressed sympathy for the poet in both "A Visit to Greenwood Cemetery" and "City

techniques of the nineteenth century. or Miss Cushman, Most likely Charlotte Cushman (1816–1876), an American

Some of her more notable roles were in Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet , with Cushman even performing at

A bold graphic wood–cut Woodcuts, which are made by carving into a wooden block, were first introduced

In this country, in especial, it is highly necessary that each young American be versed in the lives

His letters were the charm and solace of her life; she cherished them with proud and tender solicitude

.; Most likely Charlotte Cushman (1816–1876), an American stage actress who also lived in Europe and

Some of her more notable roles were in Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet, with Cushman even performing at the

children, and over 20 illegitimate children.; Woodcuts, which are made by carving into a wooden block, were

Scenes and Thoughts in Europe: by an American.

The author's remarks on the Water Cure, and his criticisms on the American sculptors in Rome, are ingrained

The author of Scenes and Thoughts in Europe: by an American was George Henry Calvert (1803–1889), editor

prominent focus of his travels and in both Florence and Rome he visits several of the European and American

We recommend every married man, domiciled with his helpmate in a boarding house,—(the Americans are a

.; The author of Scenes and Thoughts in Europe: by an American was George Henry Calvert (1803–1889),

prominent focus of his travels and in both Florence and Rome he visits several of the European and American

York Illustrated Magazine, edited by Lawrence Labree, included engravings after paintings by such American

The AMERICAN REVIEW, a Whig journal of Politics, Literature, and Science. August, 1846. G. H.

Whoever is the writer though, it is disgraceful to him as a man and an American that he should lead and

The American is intended, we believe, as an offset to the Democratic Review.

—We learn from its beginning, the somewhat singular fact, that never, in the history of England, were

, its statistics, population, commerce, &c.

and distinguished career he completed several paintings of Venus, goddess of love, several of which were

It was common practice among both American and European artists to copy paintings by Old Masters while

artists in studying the techniques and color harmonies employed by these earlier artists, whose works were

See Carrie Rebora Barratt, "Mapping the Venues: New York City Art Exhibitions," Art and the Empire City

and distinguished career he completed several paintings of Venus, goddess of love, several of which were

It was common practice among both American and European artists to copy paintings by Old Masters while

artists in studying the techniques and color harmonies employed by these earlier artists, whose works were

See Carrie Rebora Barratt, "Mapping the Venues: New York City Art Exhibitions," Art and the Empire City

Harpers' Illuminated Bible represented one of the most significant American publishing ventures of the

In addition, some of the pages were printed in an unusual two–color format.

After the first print run sold out, new printings were issued in 1859 and 1866. Paul C.

And that nothing might fail, in completing so proud a specimen of what American enterprise can do, the

See Gutjahr, An American Bible , 71.

.; Harpers' Illuminated Bible represented one of the most significant American publishing ventures of

In addition, some of the pages were printed in an unusual two–color format.

After the first print run sold out, new printings were issued in 1859 and 1866. Paul C.

Gutjahr, An American Bible: A History of the Good Book in the United States, 1777–1880 (Stanford: Stanford

See Gutjahr, An American Bible, 71.; Our transcription is based on a digital image of a microfilm copy

For the merry tones were the same to all appearance, which had been uttered several days previous, when

Arrow-Tip himself was as calm as the most placid lake in the forest,—but the features of the other were

The two were Master Caleb and Quincy Thorne.

His blood-shot eyes were fixed upon a hideous object dangling in the air.

They were the monk, called in this narration Father Luke, and the miserable brother of Arrow-Tip.

More than half the party started off on a gallop, and in a few moments they were at the side of him who

The group did not laugh at this sally as at the former ones—for they were anxious to hear the end of

"Though I knew not his residence, we were old acquaintances in times by-gone; so I thought it strange

His lips were beautifully cut, and his neck might have been taken by the most fastidious sculptor as

What were Peter's thoughts about? Nothing more or less than love .

it in the neighbourhood of our eastern cities, would be visited by thousands for its beauty.

One week of such fine and wholesome recreation would do more good to our enervated city gentry, than

From where they were situated, the hunters could not distinctly see the quarrellers—but the latter were

No scuffling or angry words were there now.

The hunters were mistaken in supposing it dead.

So kindly where were her requests proposed, and so yearning, if the truth be told, were the Lonesome

"And were you always content?" "Not always," was the subdued answer.

Some few items, your own good sense will inform you, it were better to pass no further."

Before he returned to the city, he added another to his triumphs . My sister fell!

A hundred schemes for revenge were fixed upon in my mind, and then abandoned.

Some cooling drinks were then given him, and he felt less faint.

From what Boddo there has told me, it must have been while you were lying senseless after the blow.

Boddo felt sure that the course of 'justice'—were the people allowed to remain with the unquestionable

The two hunters who had heard the conflict, and carried Arrow-Tip to the rendezvous a prisoner, were

How were they amazed upon coming to the exact place, to find the blacksmith's body missing!

punishment of crime is without the delays and necessary forms, and statutable restrictions, of our older cities

these places, in public will, and public feeling—a dangerous state of things in a large and vicious city

It was a kind of public assembly ground, and there four-fifths of the people were at that moment gathered

was to be in some sense his tribunal, there was a silence throughout the whole spot, and all eyes were

In the course of the day, they were frequently seen, like the others, and had themselves seen the others

the eyes of nearly every one in the room, with the exception of Thorne, himself, and his eldest son, were

Again were the eyes of the group directed toward Arrow-Tip.

In truth, the suspicion, if any such were harboured, was unjust, and in no small degree unreasonable,

It were hardly amiss to guess that the dreams of the young hunter that night were interwoven with huge

A dismal howl sounded out from the startled thief, and he struggled to get free—but his struggles were

Any other choice would have created some envy and jealousy—but all the children themselves were attached

pointed as he spoke, to a spot forty or fifty rods distant, on the same side of the river where they were

In the night, when all were sleeping, I came out from our lodge, and bent my steps toward your town.

"Shame were it to me and my wife," said Thorne, "did we let one who has saved a life very dear to us,

As may readily be supposed, Thorne and his family were unbounded in their expressions of gratitude—and

.— We have often wished that the severe economy of our forms of government in this country were susceptible

of Statues belonging to the National Academy, The National Academy of Design, founded in New York City

Its founders, all professional artists, were led by painters Samuel F. B.

We wish that such liberality were a more frequent thing in this section.

We would that the National Academy were so endowed that they could make their exhibitions perpetually

.; The National Academy of Design, founded in New York City in 1825 and still in existence today, was

Its founders, all professional artists, were led by painters Samuel F. B.

See especially Lois Marie Fink and Joshua Taylor, Academy: The Academic Tradition in American Art (Washington

Boarding houses flourished in New York City in the mid-nineteenth century.

Some of them informed the reader that there were "no children in the house."

A third and fourth trial were alike unsuccessful.

"And how do you like the city?" said he.

not as large as their means, for they were rich.

Franklin Evans; Boarding houses flourished in New York City in the mid-nineteenth century.

published in the New York Aurora on March, 18, 1842, Whitman estimated that "half the inhabitants of the city

hire accommodations at these houses," and noted that "if we were called upon to describe the universal

chequer-board, and the appearance of the little table, and the very words of some of the songs that were

—My slumbers were deep and unbroken.

So were those of the preceding evening, and yet the nature of each was widely different.

On our way we were joined by a third person named Mitchell, a friend of my friend's.

We reached an open space, on one side, where there were quite a number of persons idling.

—Young men, in our cities, think much more of dress than they do of decent behavior.

And now I was in the city. Here I had come to seek my fortune.

The teachers were, however, by no means overburthened with learning themselves; and my acquirements were

Thousands had gone before me, and thousands were coming still.

Were not the chances much more against me than they had been against a thousand others, who were the

Franklin Evans; Although Whitman's notebooks and his later poetry often celebrate the city and urban

life, Franklin Evans and "Fortunes of a Country-Boy" reveal some anti-urban sentiments, which were characteristic

that transported passengers or parcels on a regular schedule. for those whose means or dispositions were

is a part of the State of New York, and stretches out into the Atlantic, just south-eastward of the city

many pretty towns and hamlets; the soil is fertile, and the people, though not refined or versed in city

who noticed him, thought they saw him brushing something from his eyes—the traces of tears, as it were

, one might easily judge that fun and frolic were the elements he delighted in.

Under the auspices of my friend Colby, I became pretty well used to city life; and before the winter

So that my own labors were now as heavy as when I first commenced them.

Those who were supposed to be at home in such affairs, more than hinted that he would before long be

The carpets were very rich, the curtains glossy silk, and the chairs heavy mahogany.

as they parted, would hardly have thought them to be aught else than two respectable citizens—yet were

Widows, left with a narrow competence; young children; sick people, whose cases were hopeless, but who

might languish on for many years; sailors, away upon the ocean; fishermen, whose earnings were scant

novitiate; all these, and hundreds more, had either deposited sums of money in the institution, or were

Cost and pains were not spared, until Desire had no further room for wishing.

—Preparations were accordingly made; scientific cooks were engaged; foreign delicacies purchased, and

city, upon conjugal matters.

My evil destiny would have it that an old city acquaintance of mine, Mrs.

—Luckless were the stars that led her southward!

It needs not to explain all the artifices which were used for effecting what the plotters desired to

And then the creole thought of many little things that had before been airy trifles, but were now too

criticism, see Jonathan Arac, "Whitman and Problems of the Vernacular," in Breaking Bounds: Whitman and American

Sleep and Repose were there with their pleasant ministerings, and Silence, the handmaiden of both.

the chamber of the sick one there was a lamp, sending forth its feeble beams, and looking as if it were

There was no nurse or watcher there, for the physician had said it was of no importance, and all were

And were all her late hopes to vanish? That pale-browed northerner married to him she loved?

Those who were present felt awed at her terrible grief.

The events were so strange—and my own conduct, in respect to some of them, so very unreasonable, that

I had hardly arrived in the city, and was at my home there, before a messenger came with a most urgent

first thrown, as it were by the hand of Providence, under my charge."

My nearest relatives, who were never friendly to me in life, have long since been laid in the grave;

My country relations were not forgotten by me in my good fortune.

They were either committed or begun when I was under the influence of liquor, and lost the control of

But my acts during the few weeks I resided at Bourne's, were done more in the method of deliberate and

I had my eyes open, and still went on, as though I were blindfolded.

While matters were in the situation described in the last few paragraphs, a danger was preparing, that

Vain were there their hopes.

The mails to the distant place were very irregular; and besides, a letter to that town where his agent

resided, would not reach it in time, now, if there were no impediment.

But the scenes which I witnessed there, and the duties my situation obliged me to perform, were not pleasant

regular breathing of the sleeping girl, was the only sound that broke that terrible stillness—for we were

Then she probably felt conscious how very short were her moments, and how she might die ere the drowsy

They were the signals for a general desertion on the part of the attendants.

creole lived in her former situation, as far as locality was concerned; but her heart and her happiness were

and brooding over her griefs, and her injuries, which fancy made many times greater than they really were

It is unclear whether Whitman was simply paraphrasing Hunter's translation, or whether both stories were

It is unclear whether Whitman was simply paraphrasing Hunter's translation, or whether both stories were

The Quirites were a Sabine race. These two towns were hostile to each other.

The senators were chosen for life.

were taken from, before they were conquered.

to the Etruscan city.

Schlegel 272 were hewn.

Whitman marked this line in an article published in an 1846 issue of the American Whig Review (Translators

of Homer American Whig Review 4, no. 1 [July 1846]: 364).

City Intelligence CITY INTELLIGENCE. VIEW OF BROOKLYN, L.I.; FROM U.S.

It brings in the whole outline of the city, and though impossible, of course, on such a limited surface

The artist was the English-born Edwin Whitefield (1818–1892) who specialized in views of North American

cities.

Reps, Views and Viewmakers of Urban America: Lithographs of Towns and Cities in the United States and

; The artist was the English-born Edwin Whitefield (1818–1892) who specialized in views of North American

cities.

attention to detail, Whitefield's View of Brooklyn, executed early in his career, is characteristic of his city

Whitefield would go on to produce views of sixty other cities, including New York, Albany, Boston, Chicago

Reps, Views and Viewmakers of Urban America: Lithographs of Towns and Cities in the United States and

.— We went into the Institute rooms in Washington st., The Brooklyn Institute, the city's leading cultural

Doubtless there were others worthy of particular commendation, but our limited time, (many had been taken

.; The Brooklyn Institute, the city's leading cultural institution and a forerunner of the Brooklyn Museum