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I think posterity will doubt if such things ever were; if our bold ancestors who settled this land were

They were vapors, fever and ague of the unsettled woods.

of these states that they are to hold sway over physical objects, over armies, navies, wealth, population

Hudson's 'Thoughts on Reading,' American Whig Review, 1 (May 1845), 483–496, which he clipped and annotated

Hudson's 'Thoughts on Reading,' American Whig Review, 1 (May 1845), 483–496, which he clipped and annotated

.— This manuscript consists of draft lines that were published first under the title "Poem of Many in

This manuscript consists of draft lines that were published first under the title "Poem of Many in One

"; This manuscript contains draft lines that were published first under the title "Poem of Many in One

While those on one side were thus passing down in line to the stern, those on the other, having faced

about, were passing up toward the bow, drawing their poles floating on the water.

They were the most athletic, restless, and reckless set of men the country ever produced.

In their habits, the keel-boatmen were lawless in the extreme, and would set the civil authorities at

Had their numbers increased with the population of the West, they would have endangered the peace of

Tattler in summer of '42 Statesman in Spring of '43 Democrat in Summer of 44 Wrote for Dem Review, American

Subjects for articles Rapid and temporary mann of American changes of popula for eminent statesmen.

—They would be days for all live all Americans to get on their killing clothes I should advise all living

—Romans left, after being masters for 400 years.— After Romans abdicated, the British were so annoyed

400 years after the arrival of Saxons, they having founded different kingdoms, and, quarrelled—all were

Black Presence in Whitman's Manuscripts," in Whitman Noir: Black America and the Good Gray Poet (Iowa City

The original notebook is one of several that were lost during World War II, and its current whereabouts

with other text supplied from Emory Holloway, Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

operas— and first tenor of and of all tenors—and first of all violins and first violins,—for they were

manuscript is almost certainly from much earlier, however, based on the lines on the back of the leaf that were

manuscript is almost certainly from much earlier, however, based on the lines on the back of the leaf that were

Another series of draft lines on the back of this leaf were published as part of "Poem of Many in One

.; Another series of draft lines on the back of this leaf were published as part of "Poem of Many in

& Divides Austria from Italy Tiber, Papal states Arno, Tuscany —Dnieper —Volga —Ural inland lakes Cities

Dresden 85,000 Saxony, Hanover, 40,000 Many of the items from this list of European rivers, lakes, and cities

were included in "Poem of Salutation" in the 1856 edition of Leaves of Grass, suggesting that this manuscript

Many of the items from this list of European rivers, lakes, and cities were included in "Poem of Salutation

Whitman's cultural geography scrapbook.; Many of the items from this list of European rivers, lakes, and cities

were included in "Poem of Salutation" in the 1856 edition of Leaves of Grass.

In the 1860 edition of Leaves, and in all subsequent editions, the poem was titled "Salut Au Monde!"

Ontario's Shore," was retained through subsequent editions of Leaves, although the line was dropped after 1860

been suggested that this is Nathaniel Bloom, a member of [Whitman]'s circle of friends in the early 1860s

Bloom, carman,' as listed in the [New York City] directories for 1854–1855" (Notebooks and Unpublished

been suggested that this is Nathaniel Bloom, a member of [Whitman]'s circle of friends in the early 1860s

Bloom, carman,' as listed in the [New York City] directories for 1854–1855" (Notebooks and Unpublished

A father A mother as well as father, a child as well as a man; A N ot only an American, but an African

rings expand outward and outward Several phrases of this prose were probably later used, in somewhat

: "The best I had done seemed to me blank and suspicious, / My great thoughts, as I supposed them, were

The interior American republic shall also be declared free and independent. . . .

Where is the vehement growth of our cities?

Where is the spirit of the strong rich life of the American mechanic, farmer, sailor, hunter, and miner

cellar l recess c tent f dungeon f pillory f kennel f citadel, a place of defence defense in or near a city

The first several lines of the notebook draft were revised and published as "My Picture-Gallery" in The

American in October 1880.

settlements, log houses, hunters, Its ships, fisheries, whaling, gold‑digging are you and me, paved cities

The lines "It's ships, whaling, gold-digging are you and me, / Its paved cities, wharves, wealth, avenues

, dwellings, are you and me," and "The north, south, east, west, are you and me" were used, greatly altered

Part of "Pictures" was published as "My Picture-Gallery" in The American in October 1880 and later incorporated

wicked in carelessness of material construction, like the crumbly structures sometimes run up in our city

The domestic architecture—the dwelling-house architecture—of the city (for our Architectural Wickedness

not slow to hire them on the great American principle, that I am as good as anybody; which, however,

The girls are well prepared by their city training for such advice as that, and they take it.

fear, could they know how large a proportion of the business men and active male population of the city

By 1807, the park and the surrounding neighborhood were known as Hudson's Square, and the park served

John's Chapel—A Chapel the City Fought to Save," New York Times, April 27, 2008.; While it is not clear

The "Short Boys" were a notorious nineteenth-century New York City nativist gang, involved in various

There were many such gangs (Swill Boys, Rock Boys, Old Maid Boys), all known for prowling the city streets

expensive fare and wealthy customers (Edwin Burrows and Mike Wallace, Gotham: A History of New York City

Somehow or other he always looks as if he were attempting to think out some problem a little too hard

(1789–1861) was president of the New York Academy of Medicine and an amateur historian of New York City

.; The "Short Boys" were a notorious nineteenth-century New York City nativist gang, involved in various

There were many such gangs (Swill Boys, Rock Boys, Old Maid Boys), all known for prowling the city streets

expensive fare and wealthy customers (Edwin Burrows and Mike Wallace, Gotham: A History of New York City

(1789–1861) was president of the New York Academy of Medicine and an amateur historian of New York City

Robert Bonner (1824–1899) edited the New York Ledger from 1855 to 1887 ("The Robert Bonner Papers 1860

The chief street of a great city is a curious epitome of the life of the city; and when that street,

See Sean Wilentz, Chants Democratic: New York City and the Rise of the American Working Class, 1788–1850

Now the street may be said to be at high tide, and from eleven until three the full sea of the city,

One of the few exceptions where cross-class socialization took place were city theaters.

See Timothy Gilfoyle, City of Eros: New York City, Prostitution, and the Commercialization of Sex, 1790

highly influential figure whom Whitman admired even though their opinions on issues such as democracy were

See Sean Wilentz, Chants Democratic: New York City and the Rise of the American Working Class, 1788–1850

1815̵1837 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1978).; By the mid-nineteenth century, America's urban centers were

One of the few exceptions where cross-class socialization took place were city theaters.

See Timothy Gilfoyle, City of Eros: New York City, Prostitution, and the Commercialization of Sex, 1790

Every great city is a sort of countryman-trap.

It is often better, if you are to visit a city friend, to proceed to his abode by foot or by omnibus,

The city ordinances expressly provide that full explanations shall be posted in plain sight within every

If your errand is in the city, you will probably find no great difficulty in learning your way.

Don't be in haste to make city street acquaintances.

See Louise Pound, "'Peter Funk': The Pedigree of a Westernism," American Speech 4.3 (February 1929),

Butler, of having an affair with the "harlot" Slavery.; Decoy houses, also known as "touch houses," were

Amid the Anglo-Saxon Protestant Christianity—so-called—of the city of New York, the African slave trade

Upon consideration, we substitute dashes for the names, which were originally inserted in full.

Through his friends, the firm in the city, he finds some vessel for sale.

A crew is engaged nominally for some West India or South American port—as far as possible with foreign

New London is a seaport city in Connecticut.

.; Lorenzo DeAngelis, George Nevins, and John Helms were Deputy US Marshals, Southern District of New

See also the note below regarding the Braman.; New London is a seaport city in Connecticut.; Whitman

Three men were tried in court for fitting out the slaver: Joseph Pedro da Cunha, Placido de Castro, and

The first two men were convicted, but de Costa escaped from a hotel on the way to the jail under the

He was discovered in 1860 under the name Garcia on board another slaver, the Kate, and was identified

Those who left the city.

call them both unwise and unhappy—speaking generally, for these were exceptions. 4.

, and the second from 1860 to 1862.

an independent city state.

Out into the street again; up and down the city.

and depicted the triumphant moment on November 25, 1783, when Washington and his army reentered the city

It was installed on June 5, 1856, and formally given to the city of New York on July 4.

, served two non-consecutive terms from 1855 to 1857, and the second from 1860 to 1862.

an independent city state.

Barnum's American Museum, which opened in 1842 and continued to operate until its destruction from fire

city stands.

to American persons, pro- gresses progresses , cities? Chicago, Canada, Arkansas?

I loved well those cities, I loved well the stately and rapid river, The men and women I saw were all

They were purified by death—they were taught and exalted.

From the American Phrenological Journal. AN ENGLISH AND AN AMERICAN POET. LEAVES OF GRASS.

seemed the sterile and stingy nature, as if too much handiwork, or too much lymph in the temperament, were

I rubbed my eyes a little, to see if this sunbeam were no illusion; but the solid sense of the book is

have set for myself to do, to meet people and The States face to face, to confront them with an American

Their shadows are projected in employments, in books, in the cities, in trade; their feet are on the

The instincts of the American people are all perfect, and tend to make heroes.

First-rate American persons are to be supplied.

There are Thirty-Two States sketched—the population thirty millions.

WE have before us one of the most extraordinary specimens of Yankee intelligence and American eccentricity

indelibly fix it and publish it, not for a model but an illustration, for the present and future of American

letters and American young men, for the south the same as the north, and for the Pacific and Mississippi

Of pure American breed, large and lusty—age thirty-six years, (1855,)—never once using medicine—never

, had fulfilled their tasks and gone to other spheres; and all that remained, with few exceptions, were

They stand, as it were, on clear mountains of intellectual elevation, and with keenest perception discern

He wears his strange garb, cut and made by himself, as gracefully as a South American cavalier his poncho

A portion of that thought, which broods over the American nation, is here seized and bodied forth by

does not prevail throughout the volume, for we learn on p. 29, that our poet is "Walt Whitman, an American

That he was an American, we knew before, for, aside from America, there is no quarter of the universe

he was one of the roughs was also tolerably plain; but that he was a kosmos, is a piece of news we were

Leaves of Grass (1856) From the American Phrenological Journal. AN ENGLISH AND AN AMERICAN POET.

Thus what very properly fits a subject of the British crown may fit very ill an American freeman.

Sure as the heavens envelop the earth, if the Americans want a race of bards worthy of 1855, and of the

Poetry, to Tennyson and his British and American eleves, is a gentleman of the first degree, boating,

Do you think city and country are to fall before the vehement egotism of your recitative of yourself?

the name of this erratic and newest wonder; but at page 29 we find that he is — Walt Whitman, an American

The words "an American" are a surplusage, "one of the roughs" too painfully apparent; but what is intended

unless it means a man who thinks that the fine essence of poetry consists in writing a book which an American

The chance of this might be formidable were it not ridiculous.

The American critics are, in the main, pleased with this man because he is self-reliant, and because

Emerson in the printed letter sent to us—"I rubbed my eyes a little, to see if this sunbeam were no illusion

No illusion truly is Walt Whitman, the new American prodigy, who, as he is himself candid enough to intimate

On the other hand, according to an American review that flatters Walt Whitman, this kosmos is "a compound

maddened by this course of reading, and fancying himself not only an Emerson but a Carlyle and an American

Does he mention the American country, he feels bound thereupon to draw up a list of barns, waggons, wilds

Here our latter-day poets are apt to whine over the times, as if heaven were perpetually betraying the

the most amazing, one of the most startling, one of the most perplexing creations of the modern American

We were attracted by the very singular title of the work, to seek the work itself, and what we thought

Criterion says: "It is impossible to imagine how any man's fancy could have conceived it, unless he were

Poem of Walt Whitman, an American. 1 — Poem of Walt Whitman, an American.

I have heard what the talkers were talking, the talk of the beginning and the end, But I do not talk

If nothing lay more developed, the quahaug in its callous shell were enough.

if our colors were struck and the fighting done?

Were mankind murderous or jealous upon you, my brother, my sister?

see the tracks of the rail-roads of the earth, I see them welding state to state, county to county, city

to city, through North America, I see them in Great Britain, I see them in Eu- rope Europe , I see them

I see the cities of the earth, and make myself a part of them, I am a real Londoner, Parisian, Viennese

ward northward in Christiana or Stockholm—or in some street in Iceland, I descend upon all those cities

What cities the light or warmth penetrates, I penetrate those cities myself, All islands to which birds

Were all educations practical and ornamental well displayed out of me, what would it amount to?

6 Were I as the head teacher, charitable proprietor, wise statesman, what would it amount to?

Were I to you as the boss employing and paying you, would that satisfy you?

, the bins, mangers, mows, racks, Manufactures, commerce, engineering, the build- ing building of cities

, the trottoirs of a city when thousands of well-dressed people walk up and down, The cotton, woolen,

the greatest city in the whole world.

Where the city stands with the brawniest breed of orators and bards, Where the city stands that is beloved

city of the healthiest fathers stands, Where the city of the best-bodied mothers stands, There the greatest

city stands.

Were those your vast and solid?

And if the body were not the soul, what is the soul?

I knew a man, he was a common farmer, he was the father of five sons, and in them were the fathers of

sons, and in them were the fathers of sons.

and visit him to see—he was wise also, He was six feet tall, he was over eighty years old—his sons were

from head to foot, It attracts with fierce undeniable attraction, I am drawn by its breath as if I were

incomparable love, Plunging his semitic muscle into its merits and demerits, Making its geography, cities

, The superior marine, free commerce, fisheries, whaling, gold-digging, Wharf-hemm'd cities, railroad

to American persons, pro- gresses progresses , cities? Chicago, Canada, Arkansas?

Men, women, cities, nations, are only beautiful from nativity.

I will make cities and civilizations defer to me! I will confront these shows of the day and night!

These and all else were to me the same as they are to you, I project myself a moment to tell you—also

I loved well those cities, I loved well the stately and rapid river, The men and women I saw were all

I had done seemed to me blank and sus- picious suspicious , My great thoughts, as I supposed them, were

had as much of you—I laid in my stores in advance, I considered long and seriously of you before you were

Thrive, cities! Bring your freight, bring your shows, ample and sufficient rivers!

You flagged walks of the cities! you strong curbs at the edges! You ferries!

I think heroic deeds were all conceived in the open air, I think I could stop here myself, and do miracles

Now if a thousand perfect men were to appear, it would not amaze me, Now if a thousand beautiful forms

to which you were destined—you hardly settle yourself to satis- faction satisfaction , before you are

To take to your use out of the compact cities as you pass through!

A WOMAN waits for me—she contains all, nothing is lacking, Yet all were lacking, if sex were lacking,

or if the moisture of the right man were lacking.

The best farms, others toiling and planting, and he unavoidably reaps, The noblest and costliest cities

things in their attitudes, He puts today out of himself, with plasticity and love, He places his own city

They were purified by death—they were taught and exalted.

For I think I have reason to be the proudest son alive—for I am the son of the brawny and tall-topt city

ALL day I have walked the city and talked with my friends, and thought of prudence, Of time, space, reality—of

ment atonement , Knows that the young man who composedly periled his life and lost it, has done exceeding

doubt that shallowness, meanness, malig- nance malignance , are provided for; I do not doubt that cities

and the tidy and fresh-cheeked girls, and the bare-foot negro boy and girl, And all the changes of city

my clothes were stolen while I was abed, Now I am thrust forth, where shall I run?

from east to west as they lie unclothed, The Asiatic and African are hand in hand, the European and American