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partial draft of the poem eventually known as A Broadway Pageant, first published in the June 27, 1860

wicked in carelessness of material construction, like the crumbly structures sometimes run up in our city

The domestic architecture—the dwelling-house architecture—of the city (for our Architectural Wickedness

not slow to hire them on the great American principle, that I am as good as anybody; which, however,

The girls are well prepared by their city training for such advice as that, and they take it.

fear, could they know how large a proportion of the business men and active male population of the city

By 1807, the park and the surrounding neighborhood were known as Hudson's Square, and the park served

John's Chapel—A Chapel the City Fought to Save," New York Times, April 27, 2008.; While it is not clear

While those on one side were thus passing down in line to the stern, those on the other, having faced

about, were passing up toward the bow, drawing their poles floating on the water.

They were the most athletic, restless, and reckless set of men the country ever produced.

In their habits, the keel-boatmen were lawless in the extreme, and would set the civil authorities at

Had their numbers increased with the population of the West, they would have endangered the peace of

cellar l recess c tent f dungeon f pillory f kennel f citadel, a place of defence defense in or near a city

Here, our latter-day poets are apt to whine over the times, as if Heaven were perpetually betraying the

the most amazing, one of the most startling, one of the most perplexing, creations of the modern American

with which Walt can paint the unhackneyed scenery of his native land, we subjoin a panorama:— By the city's

share common ideas expressed throughout Leaves of Grass, especially in many of the new poems to the 1860

seem to meabout 1860poetryhandwritten1 leaf13 cm x 11.5 cm; This manuscript is a draft of lines that were

published in Chants Democratic, number 13, in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass.

however, the lines on this manuscript are a draft of the section of the poem that was deleted after the 1860

Bride]1856 or laterpoetryprintedhandwritten1 leaf; A clipping of an article entitled "The Indian in American

Related to Them, with a piece of paper pasted to the bottom containing an idea for a poem about Native Americans

These and all else were to me the same as they are to you, I project myself a moment to tell you—also

I loved well those cities, I loved well the stately and rapid river, The men and women I saw were all

I had done seemed to me blank and sus- picious suspicious , My great thoughts, as I supposed them, were

had as much of you—I laid in my stores in advance, I considered long and seriously of you before you were

Thrive, cities! Bring your freight, bring your shows, ample and sufficient rivers!

If I were to suspect death, I should die now.

I knew a man…he was a common farmer… he was the father of five sons…and in them were the fathers of sons

…and in them were the fathers of sons.

and visit him to see…He was wise also, He was six feet tall…he was over eighty years old…his sons were

The "Short Boys" were a notorious nineteenth-century New York City nativist gang, involved in various

There were many such gangs (Swill Boys, Rock Boys, Old Maid Boys), all known for prowling the city streets

expensive fare and wealthy customers (Edwin Burrows and Mike Wallace, Gotham: A History of New York City

Somehow or other he always looks as if he were attempting to think out some problem a little too hard

(1789–1861) was president of the New York Academy of Medicine and an amateur historian of New York City

.; The "Short Boys" were a notorious nineteenth-century New York City nativist gang, involved in various

There were many such gangs (Swill Boys, Rock Boys, Old Maid Boys), all known for prowling the city streets

expensive fare and wealthy customers (Edwin Burrows and Mike Wallace, Gotham: A History of New York City

(1789–1861) was president of the New York Academy of Medicine and an amateur historian of New York City

Robert Bonner (1824–1899) edited the New York Ledger from 1855 to 1887 ("The Robert Bonner Papers 1860

A N American Rough, whose name is W ALT W HITMAN , and who calls himself a "Kosmos," has been publishing

The fields of American literature want weeding dreadfully.

The first several lines of the notebook draft were revised and published as "My Picture-Gallery" in The

American in October 1880.

Amid the Anglo-Saxon Protestant Christianity—so-called—of the city of New York, the African slave trade

Upon consideration, we substitute dashes for the names, which were originally inserted in full.

Through his friends, the firm in the city, he finds some vessel for sale.

A crew is engaged nominally for some West India or South American port—as far as possible with foreign

New London is a seaport city in Connecticut.

.; Lorenzo DeAngelis, George Nevins, and John Helms were Deputy US Marshals, Southern District of New

See also the note below regarding the Braman.; New London is a seaport city in Connecticut.; Whitman

Three men were tried in court for fitting out the slaver: Joseph Pedro da Cunha, Placido de Castro, and

The first two men were convicted, but de Costa escaped from a hotel on the way to the jail under the

He was discovered in 1860 under the name Garcia on board another slaver, the Kate, and was identified

On the verso, in blue pencil, appears a note, reading "Drum Taps—City of Ships" which appears to be in

This may indeed have been a draft of the poem City of Ships, which first appeared in 1865 as part of

of references to the Civil War indicate that it was inscribed prior to the publication of the the 1860

I think posterity will doubt if such things ever were; if our bold ancestors who settled this land were

They were vapors, fever and ague of the unsettled woods.

If they were, we might look for the extinction of the American race within a very few years.

A father A mother as well as father, a child as well as a man; A N ot only an American, but an African

rings expand outward and outward Several phrases of this prose were probably later used, in somewhat

: "The best I had done seemed to me blank and suspicious, / My great thoughts, as I supposed them, were

The book might pass for merely hectoring and ludicrous, if it were not something a great deal more offensive

Punch made sarcastic allusion to it some time ago, as a specimen of American literature.

Schiller, had fulfilled their tasks and gone to other spheres; and all that remained with few exceptions, were

They stand, as it were, on clear mountains of intellectual elevation, and with keenest perception discern

He wears strange garb, cut and made by himself, as gracefully as a South American cavalier his poncho

A portion of that thought which broods over the American nation, is here seized and bodied forth by a

bibliographical data is missing; reprinted in Whitman, Leaves of Grass Imprints(Boston: Thayer & Eldridge, 1860

bibliographical data is missing; reprinted in Whitman, Leaves of Grass Imprints(Boston: Thayer & Eldridge, 1860

publisher's name, and, if the reader goes to a bookstore for it, he may expect to be told at first, as we were

Walter Whitman, an American,—one of the roughs,—no sentimentalist,—no stander above men and women, or

the body of the work, wholly ignorant of the writer's name, profession, or age— "Walt Whitman, an American

These anxious longings of the soul as for an unknown good were to his mind the indication of slumbering

doubt [sic] because, "unlike one of the roughs," he failed to remark how "placid and self-contained" were

When we read that eulogy we were satisfied that this volume would prove to us a sealed book, and that

George Robins Gliddon (1809-1857) was an American Egyptologist who published several works on Egyptian

The Bowery Boys was a nativist, anti-Catholic, and anti-Irish gang based in New York City; they participated

of departed spirits, he weighs the hearts of the dead.; George Robins Gliddon (1809-1857) was an American

We have before us one of the most extraordinary specimens of Yankee intelligence and American eccentricity

says Mr Emerson in the printed letter sent to us,—"I rubbed my eyes a little, to see if this sunbeam were

On the other hand, according to an American review that flatters Mr Whitman, this kosmos is "a compound

All I mark as my own, you shall offset it with your own, Else it were time lost listening to me.

Walt Whitman, an American, one of the roughs, a kosmos, Disorderly fleshy and sensual . . . . eating

If nothing lay more developed the quahaug and its callous shell were enough.

the name of this erratic and newest wonder; but at page 29 we find that he is— Walt Whitman, an American

The words 'an American' are a surplusage, 'one of the roughs' too painfully apparent; but what is intended

The chance of this might be formidable were it not ridiculous.

The American critics are, in the main, pleased with this man because he is self-reliant, and because

All I mark as my own you shall offset it with your own, Else it were time lost listening to me.

The showman and entertainer Phineas Taylor Barnum (1810-1891) emphasized in his American Museum (purchased

Ernest Jones’s war strains; of a new poem by the American poet, Mr.

Buchanan Reade ∗ —a gracefully rhymed, imaginative story; or of another American production which, according

this book but that, to our unspeakable surprise, we find bound up with it extracts from various American

highly laudatory of this marvellous production: and we think it right to call the attention of our American

republican egotism: "What very properly fits a subject of the British crown, may fit very ill an American

Sure as the heavens envelop the earth, if the Americans want a race of bards worthy of 1855, and of the

only one man…he is the father of those who shall be fathers in their turns, In him the start of populous

Leaves of Grass," of the Brooklyn poet who describes himself in one of them as: "Walt Whitman, an American

spite of all the freedom which has budded and bloomed since that year 1616, when his sacred ashes were

and indorsed by the said Emerson, who swallows down Whitman's vulgarity and beastliness as if they were

WE have before us one of the most extraordinary specimens of Yankee intelligence and American eccentricity

indelibly fix it and publish it, not for a model but an illustration, for the present and future of American

letters and American young men, for the south the same as the north, and for the Pacific and Mississippi

Of pure American breed, large and lusty—age thirty-six years, (1855,)—never once using medicine—never

, had fulfilled their tasks and gone to other spheres; and all that remained, with few exceptions, were

They stand, as it were, on clear mountains of intellectual elevation, and with keenest perception discern

He wears his strange garb, cut and made by himself, as gracefully as a South American cavalier his poncho

A portion of that thought, which broods over the American nation, is here seized and bodied forth by

does not prevail throughout the volume, for we learn on p. 29, that our poet is "Walt Whitman, an American

That he was an American, we knew before, for, aside from America, there is no quarter of the universe

he was one of the roughs was also tolerably plain; but that he was a kosmos, is a piece of news we were

Leaves of Grass (1856) From the American Phrenological Journal. AN ENGLISH AND AN AMERICAN POET.

Thus what very properly fits a subject of the British crown may fit very ill an American freeman.

Sure as the heavens envelop the earth, if the Americans want a race of bards worthy of 1855, and of the

Poetry, to Tennyson and his British and American eleves, is a gentleman of the first degree, boating,

Do you think city and country are to fall before the vehement egotism of your recitative of yourself?

the name of this erratic and newest wonder; but at page 29 we find that he is — Walt Whitman, an American

The words "an American" are a surplusage, "one of the roughs" too painfully apparent; but what is intended

unless it means a man who thinks that the fine essence of poetry consists in writing a book which an American

The chance of this might be formidable were it not ridiculous.

The American critics are, in the main, pleased with this man because he is self-reliant, and because

Emerson in the printed letter sent to us—"I rubbed my eyes a little, to see if this sunbeam were no illusion

No illusion truly is Walt Whitman, the new American prodigy, who, as he is himself candid enough to intimate

On the other hand, according to an American review that flatters Walt Whitman, this kosmos is "a compound

maddened by this course of reading, and fancying himself not only an Emerson but a Carlyle and an American

Does he mention the American country, he feels bound thereupon to draw up a list of barns, waggons, wilds

Here our latter-day poets are apt to whine over the times, as if heaven were perpetually betraying the

the most amazing, one of the most startling, one of the most perplexing creations of the modern American

We were attracted by the very singular title of the work, to seek the work itself, and what we thought

Criterion says: "It is impossible to imagine how any man's fancy could have conceived it, unless he were

appear in section 6 of the final version ofStarting from Paumanok, first published as Proto-Leaf in the 1860

edition of Leaves of Grass this and another poem, which had been included in every edition since 1855, were

Poem of Walt Whitman, an American. 1 — Poem of Walt Whitman, an American.

I have heard what the talkers were talking, the talk of the beginning and the end, But I do not talk

If nothing lay more developed, the quahaug in its callous shell were enough.

if our colors were struck and the fighting done?

Were mankind murderous or jealous upon you, my brother, my sister?

Were you thinking that those were the words — those upright lines? those curves, angles, dots?

Were you thinking that those were the words — those delicious sounds out of your friends' mouths?

with them—my qualities interpenetrate with theirs—my name is noth- ing nothing to them, Though it were

echo the tones of souls, and the phrases of souls; If they did not echo the phrases of souls, what were

If they had not reference to you in especial, what were they then?

You flagged walks of the cities! you strong curbs at the edges! You ferries!

I think heroic deeds were all conceived in the open air, I think I could stop here myself, and do miracles

Now if a thousand perfect men were to appear, it would not amaze me, Now if a thousand beautiful forms

to which you were destined—you hardly settle yourself to satis- faction satisfaction , before you are

To take to your use out of the compact cities as you pass through!

Let those that were prisoners take the keys! (Say!

Let the Asiatic, the African, the European, the American and the Australian, go armed against the murderous

Let there be immense cities—but through any of them, not a single poet, saviour, knower, lover!

The best farms, others toiling and planting, and he unavoidably reaps, The noblest and costliest cities

things in their attitudes, He puts today out of himself, with plasticity and love, He places his own city

ALL day I have walked the city and talked with my friends, and thought of prudence, Of time, space, reality—of

ment atonement , Knows that the young man who composedly periled his life and lost it, has done exceeding

For I think I have reason to be the proudest son alive—for I am the son of the brawny and tall-topt city

They were purified by death—they were taught and exalted.

Were all educations practical and ornamental well displayed out of me, what would it amount to?

6 Were I as the head teacher, charitable proprietor, wise statesman, what would it amount to?

Were I to you as the boss employing and paying you, would that satisfy you?

, the bins, mangers, mows, racks, Manufactures, commerce, engineering, the build- ing building of cities

, the trottoirs of a city when thousands of well-dressed people walk up and down, The cotton, woolen,

and the tidy and fresh-cheeked girls, and the bare-foot negro boy and girl, And all the changes of city