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Eldridge, the Boston publishing firm responsible for the third edition of Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass (1860

At the time, Thayer and Eldridge were already advertising a new volume of Whitman's poetry entitled The

Banks were distrustful. No one knew how the war would end.

All book firms were 'shaky.' . . .

Anti-slavery people were interested in keeping [Thayer and Eldridge] up, but they were forced to call

.— Life, to both poor and rich, in great cities, is an excitement and a struggle!

very little of the shifts and frequent desperations of of the life existence of the poor in great cities—which

counterbalance the supreme advantages that, ( writers reasoners may say what they like,) make the city

very extreme, against the smart patent leather, delicate soled article, which even our hardy young city

we pass often.— ¶ Then Reader , did you ever notice, the Intelligence Offices, scattered about the city

Francis's tent—there were five of us altogether, to eat, sleep, write, &c. in a space twelve feet square

He encountered two men whom he had met in Boston in 1860: William D.

Littlefield, 1906-1996], 2:157), and, upon his arrival on the following day, took rooms where the O'Connors were

Apollo Summer Garden," which Whitman wrote about in a New York Leader column of 19 April 1862 entitled City

images 84 and 86) contain notes that constitute a draft of a portion of the seventh installment of the City

Surfaces 67 and 69 (images 66 and 68) are early drafts of The City Dead-House, a poem that first appeared

The family's fears and anxieties for George were the dominant theme in Jeff and Walt's correspondence

for these years, and were a chief reason for the intense correspondence between the brothers in 1863

; in this year more than one-third of Jeff's extant letters were written.

cheek wound, Walt decided to stay in the capital to help with the war effort by rendering aid in the city's

The engineers probably supported the hospital work because they were personal friends of the Whitman

yound young man who used to linger around Thayer & Eldridges Publishing office Boston in the spring of 1860

On February 18, 1860, Soule went to Charlestown from Harrisburg and faked public intoxication in order

Soule attended a public memorial for Hazlett and Stevens in Boston, where Thayer and Eldridge were in

After the death of his father in 1860, Soule followed the gold rush to Denver, but enlisted in the Union

Chivington's attack on a group of unarmed native americans, which later came to be known as the Sand

"old ferry," advancing with steady increase, until it has become one of the finest and wealthiest cities

British General William Howe defeated American General George Washington.

Despite their defeat, the American troops' subsequent escape from Long Island without being attacked

This was a famous old church, built some years before the Revolutionary war; the services were in Dutch

After the superstructure of the ancient edifice had been mostly removed, as they were tearing away one

British General William Howe defeated American General George Washington.

Despite their defeat, the American troops' subsequent escape from Long Island without being attacked

fairly neat and on the verso on the fourth leaf Whitman has written "Proofs," indicating that these were

appeared in Our Wounded and Sick Soldiers, published in the New York Times on 11 December 1864, and were

John Brown (Boston: Thayer and Eldridge, 1860), a correspondent for the New York Tribune during the war

, the originator of the "Lyceum" lectures, and editor of the North American Review in 1886.

He met Whitman in Boston in 1860 (Thomas Biggs Harned Collection of Walt Whitman, The Library of Congress

He concluded his first letter to Whitman on June 25, 1860: "I love you, Walt!

The past and present were represented here.

On the tablets were the names of nineteen ministers, in regular succession; but there were others now

The aborigines here were soon subdued by Capt.

The houses were one story, of logs, covered with thatch.

Reminiscences were given by Elder Dr.

However, a notebook from the late 1850s or early 1860s (loc.00348) contains extensive notes in Whitman's

hand about the Jamaica Presbyterian bicentennial that were used in this article.

Some stones from this building were used in the foundation of its replacement, which was dedicated on

of Temperance organization and a deacon in the Presbyterian Church.; Several more detailed accounts were

His translations of the New Testament and the Old Testament were issued in 1661 and 1663, respectively

not get a scratch although the balls rained around me for over two hours, and several of our boys were

We left Roanoke Island March 11th and landed about sixteen miles below Newbern (which is, or was a city

The enemy were posted in an almost impregnable position, but after 3 hours hard fighting (during which

Two other lieutenants were shot through the leg.

Our troops finally crossed in a boat and found the city nearly deserted and fired in 3 or 4 places.

According to the New York State Division of Military and Naval Affairs, there were ninety-eight Union

letter to night from his wife saying, that she had been there two or three times  once Han and Heyde were

as pretty flags as I ever saw presented to the Regt  one by the Ladies of New York and one by the City

Boys and asked if they would exchange,  the boys let up such a yell as convinced the Colonel that the City

Vallandigham and his followers were allowed to draft the platform.

left Hateras with a fleet of about 70 vessels  only 15 or 16 of which was fighting crafts  the rest were

the gunboats throwing shell to cover us  one of the Mass regts landing just about the same time, we were

off the trees all around us, but our regiment behaved finely and pressed on as fast as possible  we were

planted there  ours were there first however but it was mighty tight between us and the others  when

we were going  they thought they would tole us up to the Bateries and then slaughter us as they did

Completing one hundred days' military duty, the men of the Thirteenth Regiment were mustered out of service

The chief results of the campaign were the seizures of Roanoke Island, New Bern, and Fort Macon.

We were paid, a few days since, and one of our Officers leaves this afternoon for Washington to take

to Camp,  I had charge of the line, for more than a mile, so that I had to keep my Eyes open,  we were

think there will be a fight here at Fredericksburg, as we have orders to fix up our tents as though we were

hill to see hundreds of men leave their regiments without being hurt at all and some 2 or 300 wounded were

After resting a short time the first Brigade of our Division (which is Reno's Division) were ordered

into a peice of woods where the enemy were strongly posted and our Brigade which is the 2d was ordered

as the enemy did not see fit to attempt to take the Battery we had nothing to do but lay off as we were

posted,  just before night we were ordered into the woods but just as we were about going in we saw

McDowell troops were posted) and were trying to flank us and cut off our Artillary and baggage train

Both engagements were decisive victories for the Confederates.

Vallandigham and his followers were allowed to draft the platform.

rather write of victories than defeats, (Although you can hardly call Chantilly a defeat as the enemy were

untill Thursday Sept 11th when our advance came up with part of the Artillery force of the enemy who were

enemy opened fire but our Artillery soon got to work throwing shot and shell so fast that the enemy were

We came up with the Rebel army again on Sunday Sept 14th  the enemy were posted in a splendid position

After assuring ourselvs that they were gone for good, we stacked arms and I took a walk over our part

Vallandigham and his followers were allowed to draft the platform.

The wounded officers from Company F were Second Lieutenant William T.

Both were wounded on September 7, 1862, at Antietam Creek.

perfectly well now although I was a little under the weather the first week I came here  my eyes and face were

Vallandigham and his followers were allowed to draft the platform.

During his siege of the city, McClellan repeatedly asked Lincoln for additional troops.

Where in thunder does all the troops go, that the papers say are leaving New York, and the other Citys

We were ordered, one day last week, to be ready to move at five minutes notice, and as we had heard artillery

reconnoissance somewhere near Charlestown Va, but as they did not find the Rebels in very strong force, we were

last Sunday for 3 or 4 hours on the Mountains. but our loss was not very heavy  on Tuesday last we were

engaged twice and lost heavy  General Reno was killed on Sunday  we were in his Division and he thought

fight and did not get a scratch although the balls fairly rained around me, and several of our boys were

As soon as troops were all on shore we pushed on as fast as possible towards Newbern which is a nice

The first Brigade are quartered in the City.

or 15 that I saw, that were not. quite a number of the enemys canon were scattered here and there and

horses, that were used to draw them were lying about in the entrenchments,   From the best information

The first four sheets of this letter were written on Confederate stationery.

but before we got there some of our troops managed to get across and hold the landing untill they were

reinforced when they drove the Rebs to the outskirts of the Town and we were ordered back to Camp.

we went over, but there was no general engagement although skirmishing was going on all day, but we were

The enemy were posted in an almost impregnable position on a raange of hills which they have covered

forced to haul off and we laid still untill about 3 Oclock when we were ordered up to the front.

battle of First Fredericksburg (December 13, 1862)—a Union disaster in which 1,284 Federal troops were

Whitmans could not be absolutely sure that this name was a misprint for the Whitman surname, they were

The next day—December 17—the family's fears were confirmed by an entry in a list of wounded in the New

advance, if there is any advanceing to be done in this part of the world  I would not be surprised if we were

family of John Brown, a tailor, had been sharing the Portland Avenue house with the Whitmans since 1860

See Louisa Van Velsor Whitman's letter to Walt Whitman, March 30, 1860 (Trent Collection of Whitmaniana

Vallandigham and his followers were allowed to draft the platform.

We were paid off day before yesterday up to the first of March,  I received $42  I had to buy lots of

Word came to us at Newbern on the 1st of July that they were fighting in front of Richmond and we were

We were quite surprised to get orders to go on board of Transports for we were under orders to march

We arived and came to anchor at Hatteras Inlet on the afternoon of July 3d and there we were told that

McClellans forces were in Richmond and we were ordered back to Newbern, where we arived on the afternoon

4th. next day we pitched our tents on the old camp ground and we had just got them pitched when we were

expectation of joining McClellan's Army of the Potomac, which was engaged in an attempt to capture the city

idea how long we shall stay here, we have been all ready to leave two or three times, but the orders were

We were paid off day before yesterday and I send you five dollars by this,  I will send you 25 or 30

Vallandigham and his followers were allowed to draft the platform.

There were only seven or eight houses from Orange street up to Joralemon, on that side.

was not finished until the battles were over.

were wounded.

Some of the bodies were carried to their friends at distance places, but most were buried in Brooklyn

The ones we saw entombed at the Episcopal burying-ground were some of the officers.

1862, Henry Reed Stiles notes, “The graveyard was for many years disused, being finally removed in 1860

See Henry Reed Stiles, History of the City of Brooklyn: Including the Old Town and Village of Brooklyn

, the Town of Bushwick, and the Village and City of Williamsburgh (1867; repr., Westminster, MD: Heritage

, Fulton the First was not finished until the battles were over.

were wounded.

by the Divining Rod but there is no such instrument for detecting in the crowded streets of a great city

Coffin during the day, Kinney's evenings were spent posing as "Mrs. Ellen Eyre."

City Photographs—No. VII [Written for the Leader.] CITY PHOTOGRAPHS—NO. VII. THE BOWERY.

Both were named for the North-South streets that ran through their hearts and both boasted a host of

After a successful career as an explorer of the American West, John Charles Frémont became the newly

population.

"Velsor Brush" was Whitman's pseudonym for the "City Photographs" series.

Glicksberg first identified Whitman as the author of the "City Photographs" series in Walt Whitman and

Both were named for the North-South streets that ran through their hearts and both boasted a host of

A rift within the Republican Party in the early 1860s resulted in radical abolitionists calling for new

population.; "Velsor Brush" was Whitman's pseudonym for the "City Photographs" series.

Bohan, Looking into Walt Whitman: American Art, 1850–1920 (University Park: Pennsylvania State University

City Photographs—No. VI [Written for the Leader.] CITY PHOTOGRAPHS—NO.VI. THE BOWERY.

William Sefton and John Sefton were brothers.

American actor Edwin Forrest was a divisive figure, with numerous followers and enemies.

For such were the plays, and finely sustained, that we used to go and see at the Old Bowery.)

Louisa Medina was the first American female playwright to make a living as a dramatist.

Glicksberg first identified Whitman as the author of the "City Photographs" series in Walt Whitman and

.; The Franklin Theatre, known for its small size, opened in 1835.; William Sefton and John Sefton were

An American version controversially cast the actress Adah Isaacs Menken as Mazeppa, traditionally a male

American actor Edwin Forrest was a divisive figure, with numerous followers and enemies.

See Joseph Norton Ireland, Records of the New York Stage, from 1750 to 1860 (New York: T. H.

City Photographs—No. V [Written for the Leader.] CITY PHOTOGRAPHs—NO. V. THE BOWERY.

we plunge at once into tides, indeed real vortices, of some of our modern kinds of life in a great city

, and significant, in certain respects, of this city, out of all the rest of the world.

Here Chatham street, Catharine and Division streets and the Bowery, all come together, and, as it were

Hyer, American-born, knocked out the Irish Sullivan in under twenty minutes.

Glicksberg first identified Whitman as the author of the "City Photographs" series in Walt Whitman and

It underwent several name changes—Bull's Head Theatre, New York Theatre, Bowery Theatre, American Theatre—and

Hyer, American-born, knocked out the Irish Sullivan in under twenty minutes.; "Velsor Brush" was Whitman's

pseudonym for a series of articles entitled "City Photographs," which he published in the New York Leader

Bohan, Looking into Walt Whitman: American Art, 1850–1920 (University Park: Pennsylvania State University

City Photographs—No. IV [Written for the Leader.] CITY PHOTOGRAPHS—NO. IV. THE BROADWAY HOSPITAL.

Broadway Hospital, also known as New York Hospital, was the first major hospital in New York City.

For other articles about the hospital, see " City Photographs " (March 16, 1862); " City Photographs

" (March 22, 1862); and " City Photographs " (March 29, 1862).

They were to leave the next day in a vessel for the Gulf, where their regiment was; and they felt so

Glicksberg first identified Whitman as the author of the "City Photographs" series in Walt Whitman and

Leader.]; Broadway Hospital, also known as New York Hospital, was the first major hospital in New York City

For other articles about the hospital, see "City Photographs" (March 16, 1862); "City Photographs" (March

22, 1862); and "City Photographs" (March 29, 1862).; The Bloomingdale Asylum, the first of its kind

States, opened in 1808.; "Velsor Brush" was Whitman's pseudonym for a series of articles entitled "City

City Photographs—No. III [Written for the Leader.] CITY PHOTOGRAPHS—NO. III.

The case is recorded with great faithfulness and detail in the American Medical Register of this city

in 1832 and impressed American theater-goers.

John Watson served as President of the New York Academy of Medicine in the 1860s.

–1839) was an American painter. and this the coloring of Henry Inman.

Glicksberg first identified Whitman as the author of the "City Photographs" series in Walt Whitman and

of the New York Hospital consisted mostly of prominent businessmen and wealthy patrons of New York City

in 1832 and impressed American theater-goers.

Edmund Kean was a famous actor and a contemporary of Kemble and Siddons, as were his son Charles and

–1839) was an American painter.; Henry Inman (1801–1846) was an American painter and John Wesley Jarvis's

City Photographs [Written for the Leader.] CITY PHOTOGRAPHS. THE BROADWAY HOSPITAL.

Broadway Hospital, also known as New York Hospital, was the first major hospital in New York City.

In former times, both abroad and here, there were some awful cases of this malady; the tortures were

The city contributes nothing to its support, and, I believe, never has contributed anything.

"Velsor Brush" was Whitman's pseudonym for a series of articles entitled "City Photographs," which he

Glicksberg first identified Whitman as the author of the "City Photographs" series in Walt Whitman and

Leader.]; Broadway Hospital, also known as New York Hospital, was the first major hospital in New York City

Croton Dam, originally built in 1842 on the Croton River, was the first clean water system in New York City

Reynolds (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 65–66.; The 1788 "Doctors' Riots" of New York City

See Edward Robb Ellis, The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History (New York: Carrol & Graf Publishers

City Photographs [Written for the Leader.] CITY PHOTOGRAPHS. THE BROADWAY HOSPITAL.

Broadway Hospital, also known as New York Hospital, was the first major hospital in New York City.

Then this Hospital has quite a venerable name among the medical profession and surgeons of the city,

For more on these portraits and doctors, see Whitman's " City Photographs—No.

Inspector of New York City. all memorable in their art.

Glicksberg first identified Whitman as the author of the "City Photographs" series in Walt Whitman and

Leader.]; Broadway Hospital, also known as New York Hospital, was the first major hospital in New York City

of disease and exhibits on the human body.; For more on these portraits and doctors, see Whitman's "City

An ancestor was one of the first doctors to receive a degree in medicine in the American colonies.

Inspector of New York City.; Significant information is not currently available on the other doctors

W E alluded in the last paper to the fact that though the inhabitants and wealth of Long Island were

mostly concentrated in Brooklyn, there were still other sections, forming the vast remainder of the island

, that were well worthy of record and of further investigation than has yet been afforded them by our

years, it was confidently counted on that this spot, and the railroad of which it was the terminus, were

We were along there a few days since, and could not help stopping, and giving the reins for a few moments

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

the Long Island Historical Society in 1863 and served as its president until 1873.; The Leffertses were

residence at the corner of Fulton Street and Nostrand Avenue in 1838, was an executive of the Brooklyn City

Redding is unidentified.; James Henry Hackett (1800–1871) was an American actor associated with the Academy

connected with the locality of our New County Court House and Supervisors' Building, opposite the City

We ought to premise that the region surrounding our City Hall, and this new building being put up for

The neighborhood of our City Hall was, even in old times, a sort of central spot, where the people of

It went by the name of the "Hessian Hospital," Hessian Hospitals were originally German institutions

Here too from the earliest times, were "the polls" for election.

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

Parmentier in 1825, was one of the first botanical gardens in the United States.; Hessian Hospitals were

representative to the Legislature and the Assembly, and a County Court Judge.; Before Brooklyn obtained a city

In 1843 and 1844 he was elected Mayor of the city, and he held a number of other offices before his death

president of the Brooklyn Fire Insurance Company.; Alden Spooner (1757–1827), who served in the American

Population of Brooklyn in 1660. A Church in Brooklyn, 1666.

It will be remembered that the English settlers were interspersed with the Dutch, almost from the very

Some of these were occasionally treated with severity.

In New England they were even condemned to death.

The location was changed, and placed where it now is (in Joralemon street, south of the City Hall).

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

In 1772, he gave an execution sermon for fellow Native American Moses Paul; the sermon received worldwide

to have the theatre as "a permanency" in our city.

The Marquis de Lafayette was a Frenchman who fought in the American Revolution.

The Prince of Wales visited New York in October 1860.

The Japanese ambassadors visited in May and June 1860.

Such were some of the "events" of those former times in Brooklyn.

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

Many notable names in American theatre also graced its stage, including Edwin Booth and Eleonore Duse

Brooklyn Museum was closed in January 1851.; The Marquis de Lafayette was a Frenchman who fought in the American

Whitman's America (New York: Knopf, 1995), 33–34.; The Prince of Wales visited New York in October 1860

The Japanese ambassadors visited in May and June 1860.; Whitman gives his history of the Apprentices

The 1860 census put Brooklyn's population at 266,661 inhabitants, making it the third–largest city in

Of these 511 were of stone, valued at $5,000,000; and 8,039 were of brick, valued at $40,000,000.

The rest were, of course, wooden edifices, and were valued at $30,000,000.

The topography of the city of Brooklyn is very fine.

The City Hall is a handsome structure enough.

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

style and content of the piece are consistent with other known Whitman writings of this period.; The 1860

census put Brooklyn's population at 266,661 inhabitants, making it the third–largest city in the United

there had existed two associated companies, the first of which was established in 1839.; The Brooklyn City

Kirk's newspapers were among the first published on Long Island. either abandoned the publication of

Those were the days when "literature" had not become the dissipation which our modern days have created

Hartshorne was at one time appointed by a vote of the Common Council to the post of city printer, and

continued for several years to print the pamphlets, blanks, handbills, etc. for the city departments

Between '30 and '40, two or three attempts were made to establish daily papers in Brooklyn, but they

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

Kirk's newspapers were among the first published on Long Island.; The first issue of the Long Island

In another part of the procession were Gov. Daniel D. Tompkins, Daniel D.

The time arrived, but still the gratings were not removed.

Hour after hour passed on, and still we were not released.

But about 10 o'clock that forenoon the gratings were removed.

until long after the usual hour were our rations delivered to us.

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

United States under President James Monroe (1817–1825).; DeWitt Clinton served as mayor of New York City

The monument to Major General William Jenkins Worth, a veteran of the War of 1812 and the Mexican-American

Monument was dedicated in 1843.; Dring's manuscript recollections of his experiences aboard the Jersey were

Many were wounded frightfully, and several killed in the melee.

In the morning the hatchways were thrown open, and we were allowed to ascend all at once, and remain

Let our disease be what it would, we were abandoned to our fate.

There were thirteen of the crew to which I belonged, but in a short time, all but three or four were

martyrs were mostly buried.

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

British General William Howe defeated American General George Washington.

Despite their defeat, the American troops' subsequent escape from Long Island without being attacked

Some eleven thousand American prisoners are thought to have died onboard.

The Society played an active role in New York City politics until it was disbanded in the 1960s.; John

Moreover, were there not the freshest and finest fish to be bought within stone-throw?

Light-house Keeper—and with an air which showed we were not going to stand on trifles, gave voice to

The very waters were as quiet as a stone floor, and we made a table by placing three boards on some barrels

Truly those were wonderful hours!

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

nearer to rational comfort and decorum; but the several specimens of men, women and children whom I saw were

how few Americans there are who have not heard of thee—although there are equally few who have seen thee

Even to my unscientific eyes there were innumerable wonders and beauties all along the shore, and edges

There were earths of all colors, and stones of every conceivable shape, hue, and destiny, with shells

There were some of them tinged with pale green, blue or yellow—some streaked with various colors and

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

In 1836 it saw two rival stagings in New York City: it was performed in English as The Maid of Cashmere

last two papers, and since there are such ties of connection between the eastern counties and this city

The black-fish were biting famously, and I stood at the end of the dock, quite proud of a big fellow

It was a very pleasant and sensible party; the girls were unaffected and knew a hawk from a hernshaw,

who had been captured by Ninicraft, Chief of a hostile tribe, and kept for a long time in durance, were

And yet in all the deeper features of humanity—love, work, and death—they were the same.

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

astonishing that immense quantities of good land lie yet untilled, within two hours reach of this great city

An immense city was sure to be that same Hicksville; now its sovereign sway enfolds a large unoccupied

thousands upon thousands of human beings, all lying unproductive, within thirty miles of New York city

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

The material for this article is largely taken from Mary Louise Booth's History of the City of New York

(1860).

"S O REGULAR were [was] their lives that the lack of time-pieces made little difference.

This was a strictly family meal; dinner parties were unheard of, and the neighbor who should have dropped

Tea over, the party donned their cloaks and hoods, for bonnets were not, and set out straightway for

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

this period.; The material for this article is largely taken from Mary Louise Booth's History of the City

of New York (1860).

An explanation of our handling of the quoted material is given in No. 35, note #5.; These were ornamental