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Washington September 15 1863 Dear Mother Your letters were very acceptable—one came just as I was putting

the very hour of death or just the same when they recover, or partially recover—I never knew what American

young men were till I have been in the hospitals— Well, mother, I have got writing on—there is nothing

on September 7, 1863, that, as he wrote, orders for his regiment to move to join Burnside's forces were

Most of its members were Irish.

Comprising over half the city's foreign-born population of 400,000, out of a total of about 814,000,

the Irish were the main source of cheap labor, virtually its peon class.

to exist" American Heritage, 10 (June 1959), 48.

House during the hot season, but has quarters at a healthy location, some three miles north of the city

his wife, toward the latter part of the afternoon, out in barouche, on a pleasure ride through the city

They passed me once very close, and I saw the President in the face fully, as they were moving slow,

Capitol front is finished, with the splendid entrance to the Senate and Representative wings, the city

The City Railroad Company loses some horses every day.

Brignoli" because of his difficult first name, eventually became "Dear Old Brig" to American audiences

libretto in the opera Clari, which debuted in London in 1823, the song quickly became familiar to many Americans

I guess the only wonderfully frightened men were Opdike and Seymour, if we perhaps except the Copperhead

In the flashy, sensation style the papers were all far from the truth, ahead, but when it comes to the

God only knows where the city of New York would have been had we had Wood's police.

My idea is this, to make a certain portion of the city, say certain wards that make a district, not too

side of the draft and would help enforce it in the next, so that in a short time a majority of the city

Even the Whitmans were worried about how they would obtain $300 if Jeff were drafted, although in the

Names of those selected were published in the papers, and it was clear enough that the poor were disproportionately

stopped only after eleven New York regiments and one from Michigan were rushed to the city at a time

After the riots were over, James R.

Fernando Wood was a former mayor of New York City.

Some are in the spot, soil, air and the magnificent amplitude of the laying out of the City.

The city that launches the direct laws, the imperial laws of American Union and Democracy, to be henceforth

The city of wounded and sick, city of hospitals, full of the sweetest, bravest children of time or lands

Washington may be described as the city of army wagons also.

A SUNSET VIEW OF THE CITY.

first identified Whitman as the author in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

sculpted by Luigi Persico, the sculpture depicts the female figures of America, Justice, and Hope; they were

Whitman, Sir, It was with exceeding interest that Mr Curtis & I listened to the letter you lately wrote

After staying at Lowell a couple of days we were ordered to pack up and move again, so we started back

"revenue cutters," or coastal vessels, be dispatched to New York City in order to save them from falling

The telegram further stated: "If any one attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot

The "Dutchman of the 11th Corps" is a reference to the fact that the Eleventh Army was heavily populated

co NY co F 2nd US Cavalry Glen's Falls Warren co NY September 9 1863— The contents of this notebook were

microfilm images at the Library of Congress's website "Poet at Work: Walt Whitman Notebooks 1850s–1860s

," part of the "American Memory" project. scene in the woods on

The contents of this notebook were written during Whitman's hospital visits to wounded soldiers.

microfilm images at the Library of Congress's website "Poet at Work: Walt Whitman Notebooks 1850s–1860s

," part of the "American Memory" project.

After three days of fighting, Union forces retreated to Chattanooga, where they were beseiged for several

There were several skirmishes around Charleston throughout 1863, including two major battles in April

Both of these battles were Confederate victories.

THE ARMY YOUNG AND AMERICAN. I must give one short paragraph to that heading.

McReady I know to be as good a man as the war has received out of Brooklyn city.

first identified Whitman as the author in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

After three days of fighting, Union forces retreated to Chattanooga, where they were beseiged for several

weeks.; There were several skirmishes around Charleston throughout 1863, including two major battles

Both of these battles were Confederate victories.; George Gordon Meade, commander of the Army of the

of benevolence and generosity which marks Brooklyn, I have sometimes thought, more than any other city

A military hospital here in Washington is a little city by itself, and contains a larger population than

I say one of the government hospitals here is a little city in itself, and there are some fifty of these

Most hospitals in Washington, D.C. were makeshift, often converted from abandoned army barracks.

H., I think he deserves honorable mention in this letter to the people of our city.

.]; Most hospitals in Washington, D.C. were makeshift, often converted from abandoned army barracks.

Some, however, were built specifically for the purpose of tending to the sick and wounded, as the number

According to the Brooklyn city directory for 1863–4, Eugene R. Durkee was a machinist and Lorick M.

Rae, a notary and copyist who lived in Brooklyn but kept offices at 13 Wall Street, New York City.

John Brown (Boston: Thayer and Eldridge, 1860), a correspondent for the New York Tribune during the war

, the originator of the "Lyceum" lectures, and editor of the North American Review in 1886.

He met Whitman in Boston in 1860 (Thomas Biggs Harned Collection of Walt Whitman, The Library of Congress

He concluded his first letter to Whitman on June 25, 1860: "I love you, Walt!

Anne and Mary Wigglesworth were friends of Hannah Stevenson's and patrons of various benevolent organizations

They were placed in three very large apartments. I went there several times.

Between these cases were lateral openings, perhaps eight feet wide, and quite deep, and in these were

Many of them were very bad cases, wounds and amputations.

Then there was a gallery running above the hall, in which there were beds also.

The army is very young—and so much more American than I supposed.

Sometimes when I think of my poor little Clothilde & you I feel as if I were not as happy now as then

General John Ellis Wool (1784–1869) was the oldest Union general of the American Civil War and was in

Among other assignments, he led military operations in New York City during and after the draft riots

explore new possibilities of male-male affection" (see chapter four, "Intimate Script and the New American

Bible: 'Calamus' and the Making of the 1860 Leaves of Grass" from Re-Scripting Walt Whitman: An Introduction

General William Buel Franklin (1823–1903) was a Union Army general in the American Civil War who saw

Rumors were widespread that Lee was about to attack Washington, for the War Department on June 23, 1863

Whitman described the career of Hicks (1748–1830), the famous American Quaker, in November Boughs (Richard

The city surrendered formally on July 4, 1863.

remember that these government hospitals are not filled as with human débris like the old established city

hospitals, New York, &c., but mostly [with] these good-born American young men, appealing to me most

I make no bones of petting them just as if they were—have long given up formalities & reserves in my

to do any thing of the sort, but shall speak of him every time, & send him my love, just as if he were

Hugo, I suppose you were at Charles Chauncey's funeral—tell me all you hear about the particulars of

John Brown (Boston: Thayer and Eldridge, 1860), a correspondent for the New York Tribune during the war

, the originator of the "Lyceum" lectures, and editor of the North American Review in 1886.

He met Whitman in Boston in 1860 (Thomas Biggs Harned Collection of Walt Whitman, The Library of Congress

He concluded his first letter to Whitman on June 25, 1860: "I love you, Walt!

John Brown (Boston: Thayer and Eldridge, 1860), a correspondent for the New York Tribune during the war

, the originator of the "Lyceum" lectures, and editor of the North American Review in 1886.

He met Whitman in Boston in 1860 (Thomas Biggs Harned Collection of Walt Whitman, The Library of Congress

He concluded his first letter to Whitman on June 25, 1860: "I love you, Walt!

See Thomas Jefferson Whitman's letter to Walt Whitman from April 16, 1860.

of Washington, the progress on the Capitol Dome, army ambulances, and the quality of light in the city

(Emory Holloway, ed., The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman [Garden City, New York: Doubleday

John Brown (Boston: Thayer and Eldridge, 1860), a correspondent for the New York Tribune during the war

, the originator of the "Lyceum" lectures, and editor of the North American Review in 1886.

He concluded his first letter to Whitman on June 25, 1860: "I love you, Walt!

Eldridge and later John Burroughs, were to be his close associates during the early Washington years.

for and those who were against Walt Whitman.

John Brown (Boston: Thayer and Eldridge, 1860), a correspondent for the New York Tribune during the war

, the originator of the "Lyceum" lectures, and editor of the North American Review in 1886.

He met Whitman in Boston in 1860 (Thomas Biggs Harned Collection of Walt Whitman, The Library of Congress

He concluded his first letter to Whitman on June 25, 1860: "I love you, Walt!

Burnside intended to make a second attempt to capture the city of Fredericksburg.

Boston publishing house of Thayer and Eldridge had published the third edition of Leaves of Grass (1860

John Brown (Boston: Thayer and Eldridge, 1860), a correspondent for the New York Tribune during the war

, the originator of the "Lyceum" lectures, and editor of the North American Review in 1886.

He met Whitman in Boston in 1860 (Thomas Biggs Harned Collection of Walt Whitman, The Library of Congress

He concluded his first letter to Whitman on June 25, 1860: "I love you, Walt!

His friends say that he cured one or two young soldiers who were dying of homesickness, by his sympathy

The pieces were Lucrezia, Sonnambula, &c. Nelly, I have seen Charles Howells.

really shrewd at bottom, & may prove more able to pick his way through the humbugs of the world than we were

Nelly, I have seen Mrs Price, but not to have much true & friendly talk, as there were many present.

O'Connor, who, with Eldridge and later Burroughs, were to be his close associates during the early Washington

O'Connor (1832–1889) was the author of Harrington, an abolition novel published by Thayer & Eldridge in 1860

Cooper on March 27, 1860; the Mrs.

According to Miller, Edward and Jesse Whitman were mentally handicapped.

out of the city—I shall give you a good big kiss when you come, so depend upon it."

Had a new U.S. flag and two guidons presented to us by the City of New York through Col Sheppard for

as the inscription on the staff said "valor on the field," it was given in place of our old City flag

Received by Gels Dix & Smith March 5th Played a match game of Ball with Hawkin Zouaves in which they were

the barracks " 18th Grand ball given in honor of the Battle of Newbern, NC, on board of steamboat City

of Hudson the officers of the Brigade Mch 24 Played return match with the Hawkins, we were beat again

Schroth, "The Eagle and Brooklyn," in Brooklyn USA: The Fourth Largest City in America, ed.

See Jeff's letter to Walt from April 3, 1860.

I agree with you Walt, that in time he must see right through those people, & if it were not for the

I quite envy you the Opera, I wish I were there with you for a week to go around.

Last Sunday we were out walking & met the Count, the first time since you left.

He immediately asked for you, & I told him where you were—he asked if you were coming back &c. & when

I wish that you were back here in your old room for my sake, for I miss you & shall.

Cooper on March 27, 1860; the Mrs.

During the 1860s, Price and her family, especially her daughter, Helen, were friends with Whitman and

In 1860 the Price family began to save Walt's letters.

entry for April 18, 1864, the Count referred to Whitman as among "the most original and genuine American

LeRoy Fischer, Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 36 (1949–1950): 415–434, and the Dictionary of American

I feel thankful  In our ward the screws were put rather tight. out of a little over 3000 names they drew

Tom Geere, Tom McEvoy, Pat Hughes two or three in Amermans house, were all hit.

It seems to have avoided the Water Works, only one or two out of the whole 40 or 50 employed were hit

while in Husted & Carls store 7 out of 10 were taken.

One might assume, then, that both letters were written on Wednesday, September 2, if it were not for

Perhaps both letters were written on Thursday, September 3, 1863.

, 1860, Louisa Van Velsor Whitman noted that she was "in debt to ammerman about 10 dollars" (Trent).

He later designed and constructed the Milwaukee Water Works and served there as city engineer.

We were paid this afternoon up to the 1st of July and tomorrow I shall send you by Express, at least

command is in Virginia so I suppose Andrew did not go to Newbern,  We had pretty hard fare while we were

York, and its almost enough to make a fellow ashamed of being a Yorker,  the first accounts we saw were

could hardly believe, that a thing of that kind would be alowed allowed to get such headway in the City

Wood Gov Seymour and a few more of the wire pullers and strung them up to one of the trees in the city

During the period of July 13–15, 1863, the city was disrupted by riots over the application of the 1863

The disturbance began in the Ninth Ward and spread quickly to other parts of the city.

They envisioned that while they were compelled to fight to free Negroes from slavery, that same group

The city's police force was unable to quell the riots, and order was restored to the city only when Union

Fernando Wood, mayor of New York at this time, and his brother Benjamin Wood, both Tammany leaders, were

I have written him in some of my letters what you were doing, with short extracts from your letters.

A lifelong friend of Jeff Whitman's, he became city engineer of Boston (1871–80) and completed his distinguished

career as chief engineer of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (1880–1908).

performed admirably in the Chattanooga campaign, but his tactical blunders at Chickamauga (September 1863) were

complained about this doctor (see Jeff's letter to Walt from October 15, 1863) George and Walt Whitman were

African Americans could join the Union army beginning in July 1862 when Lincoln signed the Militia Act

Though they received older uniforms, worse equipment, and lower pay than white soldiers, and were barred

from becoming officers, African Americans joined the effort and helped make the Civil War unmistakably

African Americans could join the Union army beginning in July 1862 when Lincoln signed the Militia Act

Though they received older uniforms, worse equipment, and lower pay than white soldiers, and were barred

from becoming officers, African Americans joined the effort and helped make the Civil War unmistakably

Edward Ferrero, a dance instructor at West Point before the war, was a famous Italian-American leader

After the war he continued teaching dance lessons at the ballroom of Tammany Hall in New York City.

Even at the very outset our Brooklyn boys gave the best account of themselves, and were the first ashore

On the 8th, also, the battle of Roanoke continuing, they were among the first in the charge, and the

These were his last words. His death was instantaneous. A PARTING REMARK.

.; Edward Ferrero, a dance instructor at West Point before the war, was a famous Italian-American leader

After the war he continued teaching dance lessons at the ballroom of Tammany Hall in New York City.;

(I guess we, I & the wounded &c, were made for each other.)

John Brown (Boston: Thayer and Eldridge, 1860), a correspondent for the New York Tribune during the war

, the originator of the "Lyceum" lectures, and editor of the North American Review in 1886.

He met Whitman in Boston in 1860 (Thomas Biggs Harned Collection of Walt Whitman, The Library of Congress

He concluded his first letter to Whitman on June 25, 1860: "I love you, Walt!

His Reg. belonged to the 12th army Corps, and I think were in the hottest of the fight.

is sincere and almost universal and yet a few, (and yet only a few when compared with the immense city

He later designed and constructed the Milwaukee Water Works and served there as city engineer.

deserters—there is among the Old Capitol prisoners a little boy of seven years old—he and his father were

The Washington National Republican of this date listed d'Almeida among refugees who were committed to

entertained by James Fields, and had met Longfellow, Emerson, and Agassiz: "I carry with me a little American

In the Brooklyn Directory of 1859–1860, Ellison was listed as clerk.

Hill, James Hill, and Warren Hill were engineers; Simon Hill, Samuel Hill, and Thomas Newman were contractors

them & all his love—I think he told me about his brothers living in different places, one in New York City

I was very anxious he should be saved, & so were they all—he was well used by the attendants—poor boy

least in his memory—his fate was a hard one, to die so—He is one of the thousands of our unknown American

themselves up, aye even their young & precious lives, in their country's cause—Poor dear son, though you were

I have been about the city same as usual, nearly—to the Hospitals, &c, I mean—I am told that I hover

thousand, indeed thirteen or fourteen hundred—it was an old reg't, veterans, old fighters , young as they were—they

were preceded by a fine mounted band of sixteen, (about ten bugles, the rest cymbals & drums)—I tell

accompaniment —the sabres rattled on a thousand men's sides—they had pistols, their heels spurred—handsome American

Record of the Commissioned Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers, and Privates, of the Regiments Which Were

Our whole corps were encamped around here, before the surrender of Vicksburg, and we had dug miles of

enemy did not pretend to make a stand, untill they got behind their entrenchments at Jackson,  this City

river above the town and ran along the outskirts untill they struck the river again just below the city

The enemy were supposed to be from 25 to 30,000 strong and on the afternoon of July Tenth we drove their

up to the front one day, were moved back a short distance, the next, and held in reserve, but had to

force—in what Walt Whitman would later describe as a "tough little campaign" ("Fifty-First New York City

Veterans," The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman, edited by Emory Holloway, [Garden City,

Hence, Johnston, near Jackson, and Pemberton, defending Vicksburg, were divided; and Johnston could not

am about old fassion. my leg mends slowly (about as it was when you wer hear) I have bin out in the city

nice shirts thear. 1 told them that they wer just the kind that I wanted—but they told me that they were

layed out for distributation amongst the diferant camps through the city. so I got non of them, & I

But you were asked for, and we all wished you present. Of course Mr. Eldridge & Mrs.

I know more about it than when you were here, and I assure you that you will be rendering a service not

Don't forget the three things you were to bring for my especial benefit.

entry for April 18, 1864, the Count referred to Whitman as among "the most original and genuine American

LeRoy Fischer, Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 36 (1949–1950): 415–434, and the Dictionary of American

Cooper on March 27, 1860; the Mrs.

During the 1860s, Price and her family, especially her daughter, Helen, were friends with Whitman and

In 1860 the Price family began to save Walt's letters.

Kirkwood (1807–1877), a prominent civil engineer and cofounder of the American Society of Civil Engineers

A lifelong friend of Jeff's, he became city engineer of Boston (1871–80) and completed his distinguished

career as chief engineer of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (1880–1908).

any time I will give you a letter to him—I shouldn't wonder if the big men, with Fremont at head, were

front doors, with four locks & bolts on one, & three on the other—& a big bull-dog in the back yard—we were

" presumably Lincoln's first campaign song, and served as correspondent of the New York World from 1860

He published many volumes of poems and was an indefatigable compiler of anthologies, among which were

(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885) and A Library of American Literature from the Earliest Settlement to

They planned to build a railroad from Kansas City to the West.

Stedman was engaged by Hallett to edit The American Circular, which propagandized for the new railroad

years of age—lads of 15 or 16 more frequent than you have any idea—seven-eighths of the Army are Americans

must understand like the diseased half-foreign collections under that name common at all times in cities—in

The brothers were descendants of a distinguished Massachusetts family.

the time—something considerably beyond mere hospital sketches—a book for sale perhaps in a larger American

reference to the future—bringing in persons, the President, Seward , Congress, the Capitol, Washington City

times to make them do it in military style—I have seen not a single officer that seemed to know American

Well, Mat, I will suspend my letter for the present, and go out through the city—I have a couple of poor

There were about 100 in one long room, just a long shed neatly whitewashed inside.

Then there were many, many others. I mention the one, as a specimen.

My Brooklyn boys were John Lowery, shot at Fredericksburgh, and lost his left forearm, and Amos H.

O'Connor (1832–1889) was the author of Harrington, an abolition novel published by Thayer & Eldridge in 1860

the most important, of the adulators who divided people arbitrarily into two categories: those who were

for and those who were against Walt Whitman.

According to Whitman's jottings in "New York City Veterans," Whitman discovered John Lowery (here spelled

This manuscript was likely written in the mid-1860s and was never published. [While the schools]

I recieved a letter from Memphis some time since stating that they were on boats bound for Vicksburg

Can you bring any influence to bear on this matter in the City of Washington.

Dear Walt, we long for you, William sighs for you, & I feel as if a large part of myself were out of

the city,—I shall give you a good big kiss when you come, so depend upon it.

Cooper on March 27, 1860; the Mrs.

O'Connor, who, with Eldridge and later Burroughs, were to be his close associates during the early Washington

O'Connor (1832–1889) was the author of Harrington, an abolition novel published by Thayer and Eldridge in 1860

the most important, of the adulators who divided people arbitrarily into two categories: those who were

for and those who were against Walt Whitman.

John Brown (Boston: Thayer and Eldridge, 1860), a correspondent for the New York Tribune during the war

, the originator of the "Lyceum" lectures, and editor of the North American Review in 1886.

He met Whitman in Boston in 1860 (Thomas Biggs Harned Collection of Walt Whitman, The Library of Congress

He concluded his first letter to Whitman on June 25, 1860: "I love you, Walt!

he said that he would go and see Storrs and some other of the big guns of those societies in this city

We were all much pleased with the idea that you would come home to make us a visit, I do so hope that

I wish we were able to send you more money than we do but almost everyone you meet is a contributor to

Walt wrote: "I think something of commencing a series of lectures & readings &c. through different cities

He later designed and constructed the Milwaukee Water Works and served there as city engineer.

as a draft of the Preface to the 1855 Leaves of Grass, it appears to have been written in the mid-1860s

These Hospitals, so different from all others—these thousands, and tens and twenties of thousands of American

For here I see, not at intervals, but quite always, how certain, man, our American man—how he holds himself

My first impressions, architectural, &c. were not favorable; but upon the whole, the city, the spaces

Sometimes when I think of my poor little Clothilde and you I feel as if I were not as happy now as then