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This essay was revised and included in Democratic Vistas, and Other Papers (1888) before parts of it were

The notes were apparently intended for a revision to the essay Robert Burns as Poet and Person, which

Robert Burns in The Critic (16 December 1882), and as Robert Burns as Poet and Person in The North American

1Undated, on the American Idiomloc.05187xxx.00469[?

titles of two articles; one was published as Slang in America, first in the periodical the North American

These drafts were later greatly revised and combined when published in 1889 with the title To the Year

certain that you in America will have all this to go through some day when you get more densely populated

Karl Knortz (1841–1915), the German-American scholar and admirer of Whitman, became Rolleston's collaborator

See Horst Frenz, "Karl Knortz, Interpreter of American Literature and Culture," American-German Review

, 13 (December 1946), 27–30 and Walter Grünzweig, Constructing the German Walt Whitman (Iowa City, IA

After a second trip to the United States in the summer of 1886, Arnold commented on American life being

On July 12, 1874, he wrote for the first time to Whitman: "Because you have, as it were, given me a ground

Lathrop is likely referring to the American Copyright League, which he had founded in 1883.

Buinicki, "Walt Whitman and the Question of Copyright," American Literary History 15 (Summer 2003): 248

days—had a jolly time—a sleigh ride, or two—fine traveling, but too cold to enjoy it—Ruth and Burt were

Stafford, had a son named Edmund (1860–1939).

If this humbug government were worth a copper spangle it wd would have settled a handsome pension on

He "returned to England confirmed by experience in his conception of the average American as a hard uninteresting

After a second trip to the United States in the summer of 1886, Arnold commented on American life being

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882) was an American poet and essayist who began the Transcendentalist movement

For Whitman's writings on Carlyle, see "Death of Thomas Carlyle" and "Carlyle from American Points of

The address on the envelope is J L & J B Gilder | Critic Office | 20 Lafayette PLace | New York City

Whitman must have concluded that the copies were not sent by the Gilders because, on January 11, he entered

This postal card is addressed: J L & J B Gilder | Critic office | 20 Lafayette Place | New York City.

Whitman on December 21, 1883, sent "A Backward Glance on My Own Road" to The North American Review and

On July 12, 1874, he wrote for the first time to Whitman: "Because you have, as it were, given me a ground

For Whitman's writings on Carlyle, see "Death of Thomas Carlyle" (pp. 168–170) and "Carlyle from American

you —(I sent you the Indian piece, I believe)—When you get ready to go on further, or to any Western city

to me in such good spirits, & are well— they two are every thing —Keep on—explore the big western cities

Lawrence Barrett (1838–1891), an American actor, was noted for his Shakespearean roles.

Graham Sumner (1840–1910) was a professor of social sciences at Yale who also authored books on American

William Dean Howells (1837–1920), novelist and "Dean of American Letters" who wrote The Rise of Silas

I got your bit about the American aborigines. Thanks.

See Walter Grünzweig, Constructing the German Walt Whitman (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1995

Harry's parents, George (1827–1892) and Susan Stafford (1833–1910), were tenant farmers at White Horse

describes the Williams family home as "a sort of asylum (like old churches, temples) when so many homes were

All these were meant for thee, and more I need not now extract.

And I take pleasure in what men would call my personal defects for I can, standing by as it were an outsider

And if it were possible, I know thou wouldst come. Yet it shall come to pass somehow, soon or late.

plucked from the soil of his inmost bosom to send to Walt Whitman the American, poet, brother and lover

the curious, beautiful self-deception of youth: Stoker, this boy: it's the same: they thought they were

writing to me: so they were, incidentally: but they were really writing more definitely to themselves

For Whitman's writings on Carlyle, see "Death of Thomas Carlyle" and "Carlyle from American Points of

1871) did an early oil painting of Walt Whitman, the engraving of which was the frontispiece for the 1860

This postal card is addressed: J H Johnston | Jeweler | 150 Bowery cor Broome | New York City.

Howe's Camden City Directory for 1883 listed as the occupant at 328 Mickle Street Mrs.

The American orator, Wendell Phillips (1811–1884), with his active interest in antislavery and other

In late February 1884, a bomb went off at London's Victoria Station, and other bombs were defused at

But I turn many wistful thoughts toward America, and were not I & mine bound here by unseverable ties

In her letter of April 5, 1884, Anne Gilchrist mentioned "wistful thoughts" that, "were not I & mine

think, after all, that my former objections to giving the English of the L. of G. with the translation were

Whitman heard Edward Thompson Taylor (1793–1871) preach in the Seaman's Chapel in Boston in 1860 (Gay

In my opinion, it marks a new era in American Literature; and is to stand out more and more prominently

, as time advances, as the distinctively American book Most Respectfully, S.

dedicate to him the first edition of Leaves of Grass, the latter was ready to consent if certain passages were

Philadelphia or Camden or any close city—Hank I am sorry you have that trouble with your throat but I

28 (1885) Dear friend Thank you & dear Alys for the nice sheets & cases, which arrived yesterday, were

Logan and Alys were Mary's siblings.

I wish I were within hand-clasping distance; but if all your friends were to come at once, Camden could

Whitman says that "the volumes were intended to be most decided, serious, bona fide expressions of an

If the critic or the laborious reader were to devote himself to this "poem," what would he find in it

Cicero, Virgil, and Horace were not trammeled by the polished completeness of Latin.

In all his labor there were system, consecutiveness, and art; otherwise, he would have failed.

Whitman desires an original American literature, his plea is praiseworthy.

Carroll City, Iowa. Marilla Minchen to Walt Whitman, 25 June 1884

I see in Bob the noblest specimen—American-flavored—pure out of the soil, spreading, giving, demanding

H., who has been much among the American Indians:] ¶ in smaller type I have just received a copy of Baldwins

You say also that you want America to have some original music, composed by an American and to be as

entirely American as Beethoven is German.

the Music of the Universe, by a German I will compose the Universal Music, and it will be by an American

A study of the drink-question by Axel Carl Johan Gustafson (born 1847), a Swedish-American temperance

On July 12, 1874, he wrote for the first time to Whitman: "Because you have, as it were, given me a ground

Quite a sprinkling of American friends—some new ones this spring—among them Mr. & Mrs.

Joseph Pennell (1857–1926) was an American etcher and lithographer, who produced a number of books in

collaboration with his wife, Elizabeth Robins Pennell (1855–1936), an American writer; the Pennells

lived mostly in London, where they were friends of James McNeill Whistler, whose biography they wrote

Peter Lesley (1819–1903), a state geologist at the University of Pennsylvania and secretary of the American

We were at work this morning on 'Salut au Monde.'

You must not let his name be known—it would have serious consequences for him if he were known to have

Whitman in the New York Sonntagsblatt of November 1, 1868, mentioned Freiligrath's admiration for the American

Edward Thompson Taylor (1793–1871) was an American Methodist clergyman who was well regarded for his

This postal card is addressed: Al Joh[nston] | J[ewel]er | 0 Bowery, cor: Broome | New York City.

sent to Wm Sloane Kennedy, Belmont, Mass: J L & J B Gilder, Critic office, 18 Astor Place New York City

But I would be willing also to bear the expenses & keep the copyright, if the former were not out of

The Irish are much less Catholic than they were—dogmatic religion is loosening its hold upon them in

Whitman in the New York Sonntagsblatt of November 1, 1868, mentioned Freiligrath's admiration for the American

He was the author of many books and articles on German-American affairs and was superintendent of German

See The American-German Review 13 (December 1946), 27–30.

Whitman sent it to The Nineteenth Century on August 8 and to The North American Review on September 1

In a letter I had from M rs S d —she mentioned that you were prevented from coming to Glendale the day

is only one London all foreigners friendly and otherwise are agreed upon that; there may be better cities

Susan (1833–1910) and George Stafford (1827–1892) were the parents of Whitman's young friend, Harry Stafford

Joseph Pennell (1857–1926) was an American author and etcher.

He and his wife Elizabeth Robins were friends of Whitman in Camden.

This letter is addressed: Joseph B Gilder | Critic Office | 20 Astor Place | New York City.

I wish you were better, and hope the coming coolness of October will revive you. More anon.

The "girls" are Manahatta "Hattie" (1860–1886) and Jessie Louisa "Sis" Whitman (1863–1957), the daughters

Hattie and Jessie were both favorites of their uncle Walt.

These were probably sent to the Philadelphia Press, where, on October 26, 1884, the poem was first published

Blaine's South American policy?" "I do, decidedly.

The United States, as the biggest and eldest brother, may well come forward and say to the South American

I think no American can object to it. I believe Blaine is going to be elected.

We liked the cheery expression—but were not entirely satisfied with the picture.

passengers on the steamer going home, and that both reader and audience enjoyed it sincerely, and were