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This manuscript is written on the back of a City of Williamsburgh tax form.

Fredson Bowers, have generally assumed that Whitman used the Williamsburgh tax forms from 1857 to 1860

The city of Williamsburgh was incorporated with Brooklyn effective January 1855, so the forms would have

been obsolete after that date (Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] [Chicago: University of

At least two of the tax forms Whitman used were dated 1854 (see, for instance, "Vast national tracts"

This manuscript is written on the back of a City of Williamsburgh tax form.

Fredson Bowers, have generally assumed that Whitman used the Williamsburgh tax forms from 1857 to 1860

The city of Williamsburgh was incorporated with Brooklyn effective January 1855, so the forms would have

been obsolete after that date (Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] [Chicago: University of

At least two of the tax forms Whitman used were dated 1854 (see, for instance, "Vast national tracts"

If the old broad brims of Richmond were not so close fisted, I should predict that they would buy copies

The first I gave last week Thursday to a company of some 30 young ladies—very bright they were, and responsive

The young ladies, ranging from 18 to 25 perhaps, were all alert, sympathetic, eager, enthusiastic.

worked the clay—modeling rough a head of Cleveland, & then, changing it to Harrison —a work not exceeding

For Whitman's writings on Carlyle, see "Death of Thomas Carlyle" (pp. 168–170) and "Carlyle from American

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882) was an American poet and essayist who began the Transcendentalist movement

Morse is likely referring to similar works, including likenesses of the poet Thomas Carlyle and the American

essayist and lecturer Ralph Waldo Emerson, that were purchased by the woman who also hired him to provide

Blaine (1830–1893) was an American statesman and Republican politician.

that my friend Kennedy has told you something of me and the work I am trying to do for you and for American

you in a depressed mood many times, saying that he finds a "solid line of enemies" (I think those were

I am just now delivering a course of lectures in the city on "The Literature of Democracy" concerning

In these I am trying to analyze certain tendencies of American Life somewhat in accordance with the principles

An acquantaince among the younger literary editors of the city warrants me in saying that there is much

William Sloane Kennedy (1850–1929) was on the staff of the Philadelphia American and the Boston Transcript

; he also published biographies of Longfellow, Holmes, and Whittier (Dictionary of American Biography

Yet, as these latter are nearly all very brief, many of them not exceeding a dozen lines each, there

If it were spread out as often is done, the poetry alone would fill a thin volume, while another could

for our cranky friend Johnson the planter His insinuations as to assumed peccadiloes of yrs yours were

Though, supposing all the things he mentioned were so, (and doubtless some of them were in a measure)

a long letter fr Charley Eldridge, wh. which I incorporated partly in the Bibiliog. under head of "1860

He says he finds a few vols. volumes of the fraudulent 1860 ed. edition in Los Angeles.

Tyrrell, Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, and many of the contributors were present and former Trinity

was one half of the Boston-based abolitionist publishing firm Thayer and Eldridge, who issued the 1860

Joseph Edgar Chamberlin (1851–1935) was an American journalist for the Boston Transcript and the Youth's

" presumably Lincoln's first campaign song, and served as correspondent of the New York World from 1860

He published many volumes of poems and was an indefatigable compiler of anthologies, among which were

(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885) and A Library of American Literature from the Earliest Settlement to

Traubel (1858–1919) was an American essayist, poet, and magazine publisher.

He published many volumes of poems and was an indefatigable compiler of anthologies, among which were

(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885) and A Library of American Literature from the Earliest Settlement to

Hamlin Garland (1860–1940) was an American novelist and autobiographer, known especially for his works

about the hardships of farm life in the American Midwest.

Hamlin Garland (1860–1940) was an American novelist and autobiographer, known especially for his works

about the hardships of farm life in the American Midwest.

Traubel (1858–1919) was an American essayist, poet, and magazine publisher.

Traubel left behind enough manuscripts for six more volumes of the series, the final two of which were

William Sloane Kennedy (1850–1929) was on the staff of the Philadelphia American and the Boston Transcript

; he also published biographies of Longfellow, Holmes, and Whittier (Dictionary of American Biography

From December 1887 through August 1888, 33 of Whitman's poems were published in the paper.

Hamlin Garland (1860–1940) was an American novelist and autobiographer, known especially for his works

about the hardships of farm life in the American West.

David McKay (1860–1918) took over Philadelphia-based publisher Rees Welsh's bookselling and publishing

Hamlin Garland (1860–1940) was an American novelist and autobiographer, known especially for his works

about the hardships of farm life in the American Midwest.

In 1860, when he was tried in Boston because of his refusal to testify before a committee of the U.S.

Traubel (1858–1919) was an American essayist, poet, and magazine publisher.

New York City. And I will write him again about it.

William Dean Howells (1837–1920) was an American realist novelist and literary critic, serving the staff

of the New York Nation and Harper's Magazine during the mid 1860s.

1871 to 1880, he was one of the foremost critics in New York, and used his influence to support American

In an Ashtabula Sentinel review of the 1860 edition Leaves of Grass, Howells wrote, "If he is indeed

.; Mannahatta, meaning "land of many hills," is the Native American name Whitman uses for New York City

—Whenever I reach this city I always cross the ferry to Camden, for a visit to Philadelphia without seeing

The fourth and fifth editions of the war period were likewise failures.

The Osgoods owed Whitman $500 when his poems were suppressed.

and other great imaginative results will be produced in the United States as becoming to them, as were

Like a font of type, poetry must be set up over again consistent with American, modern and democratic

" presumably Lincoln's first campaign song, and served as correspondent of the New York World from 1860

He published many volumes of poems and was an indefatigable compiler of anthologies, among which were

(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885) and A Library of American Literature from the Earliest Settlement to

Ingersoll will shortly contribute to THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW a brilliant article in defense of his

views of Christianity, which were powerfully assailed by the Rt.

For a limited period the following offer is made by me to new subscribers to THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW

I see in Bob the noblest specimen—American-flavored—pure out of the soil, spreading, giving, demanding

Ingersoll's June letter furthered the debate then being promoted by The North American Review as the

Charles Allen Thorndike Rice (1851–1889) was a journalist and edited and published the North American

Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time (1888) was published by The North American

(New York: North American Publishing Company, 1886).

Dear W— I sent word to Horace one day that I had an intuition that you were about to enter upon a new

The next day the telegraph announced you were slightly improved from a severe attack of "heart failure

Traubel (1858–1919) was an American essayist, poet, and magazine publisher.

Traubel left behind enough manuscripts for six more volumes of the series, the final two of which were

The 14th Cincinnati Industrial Exposition (1888) celebrated the hundredth anniversary of the city's founding

John Sherman (1823–1900) was an American politician and Republican representative and senator from Ohio

Blaine (1830–1893) was an American statesman and Republican politician.

was troubled by Kennedy's letter to the editors, "Fraudulent 'Leaves of Grass,'" about the pirated 1860

(Papers of Walt Whitman [MSS 3829], Clifton Waller Barrett Library of American Literature, Albert H.

I see in Bob the noblest specimen—American-flavored—pure out of the soil, spreading, giving, demanding

" presumably Lincoln's first campaign song, and served as correspondent of the New York World from 1860

He published many volumes of poems and was an indefatigable compiler of anthologies, among which were

(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885) and A Library of American Literature from the Earliest Settlement to

Were I near you I should like to have the honor of paying my personal respects to you.

it bears no feeling of ill will against those who wished to keep chains on men because their skins were

sympathy with your life's work, and that I regard your Leaves of Grass as being the most original of American

I have been quite worried about you, wondering how things were going  I am more than glad to hear that

you are holding your own I am up here on a question of the disposal of the sewage of the city  Davis

captain of engineers in the Parliamentary Army during the revolution of 1848, he fled to New York City

Louis Board of Public Improvements from 1877 to 1890 and was elected president of the American Society

" presumably Lincoln's first campaign song, and served as correspondent of the New York World from 1860

He published many volumes of poems and was an indefatigable compiler of anthologies, among which were

(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885) and A Library of American Literature from the Earliest Settlement to

I see in Bob the noblest specimen—American-flavored—pure out of the soil, spreading, giving, demanding

am sitting here alone up in my room, writing this—Mrs: Davis has been an hour or two ago out to the City

Deborah Stafford Browning (1860–1945) was Susan and George Stafford's daughter.

According to The Commonplace-Book, Mary Davis withdrew $50 from the bank in order to pay Whitman's city

Traubel (1858–1919) was an American essayist, poet, and magazine publisher.

Traubel left behind enough manuscripts for six more volumes of the series, the final two of which were

See The American-German Review 13 (December 1946), 27–30.

See Walter Grünzweig, Constructing the German Walt Whitman (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1995

David McKay (1860–1918) took over Philadelphia-based publisher Rees Welsh's bookselling and publishing

Walt: these were pleasant Hours. James Scovel to Walt Whitman, 26 November 1888

during the Civil War, and now recognized as having a significant influence on modern realism in American

performed in 1886 in the Madison Square Theatre, followed by numerous revivals in New York and other cities

His shad and champagne dinners for Whitman were something of a tradition.

I was beginning to fear lest you were not so well again.

If good wishes of friends were of any direct use, physically, I mean, as well as in other ways, it would

It was held at the foot of Cleopatra's Needle, round the base of which the various speakers were grouped

Through the day it had been wet & foggy in turn, but now the sky was of an American clearness, the half-moon

If Jesus were in London to-day, would he be in those churches?"—and the crowd shouted back, "No!

Joseph Pennell (1857–1926) was an American lithographer, illustrator, and etcher whose work often depicted

On July 12, 1874, he wrote for the first time to Whitman: "Because you have, as it were, given me a ground

Bronson Howard (1842–1908) was an American journalist and dramatist, whose work earned him membership

in the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

Stuart Robson (1836–1903) and William Henry Crane (1845–1928) were American comedic actors who formed

Productions such as Our Bachelors (1878) and Sharps and Flats (1880) were so successful that Bronson

After a second trip to the United States in the summer of 1886, Arnold commented on American life being

consider "Leaves of Grass" and its theory experimental—as, in the deepest sense, I consider our American

Candidly and dispassionately reviewing all my intentions, I feel that they were creditable—and I accept

But, regarding "Leaves of Grass," let the author speak further:— I should say it were useless to attempt

millions of equals, with their lives, their passions, their futures—these incalculable, modern, American

poetry with cosmic and dynamic features of magnitude and limitlessness suitable to the human soul were

Hamlin Garland (1860–1940) was an American novelist and autobiographer, known especially for his works

about the hardships of farm life in the American Midwest.

We had also been looking forward to the pleasure of feeling that you were comfortably domiciled in the

desired cottage of your own, away from the stifling and noisy city, but your friends who worked to that

William Sloane Kennedy (1850–1929) was on the staff of the Philadelphia American and the Boston Transcript

; he also published biographies of Longfellow, Holmes, and Whittier (Dictionary of American Biography

Traubel (1858–1919) was an American essayist, poet, and magazine publisher.

Traubel left behind enough manuscripts for six more volumes of the series, the final two of which were

Edward Bellamy (1850–1898) was an American author, best known for his utopian science fiction novel,

We were all there, including the baby, who had been especially taught to say "Uncle" for the occasion

Wilhelmina's Lehrjahre"—an imitation of Wilhelm Meister —& depicted the various experiences of a young American

At this the American girl gives out, says that she is willing to dress cheaply, but not unbecomingly,

. & who were able to join with good effect in the discussion afterwards.

They had not seen it however, & were glad to come out to Lambeth Bridge where we stood till the fire

My American trip seems to have given me a new energy of assimilation too.

Never before were all the sights & sounds of London so full of suggestion; I think you must have unwittingly

Henry James (1843–1916) was an American-born writer and the author of such notable works as Daisy Miller

Joseph Pennell (1857–1926) was an American author and etcher.

He and his wife Elizabeth Robins were friends of Whitman in Camden.

No 109 North Carolina Av Atlantic City September 3d 1888 My Dear Mr Whitman Frank and I read your "Old

was the longtime partner of Mary Ann Evans (George Eliot), with whom he lived for many years; both were

Lewes had a son, Charles, who became a London city councilor.

William Dean Howells (1837–1920) was an American realist novelist and literary critic, serving the staff

of the New York Nation and Harper's Magazine during the mid 1860s.

1871 to 1880, he was one of the foremost critics in New York, and used his influence to support American

In an Ashtabula Sentinel review of the 1860 edition Leaves of Grass, Howells wrote, "If he is indeed

Later the decree was altered, and O'Reilly was sent to Australia, where he escaped on an American whaler

Jas: Russell Lowell, 1860. Sept 26."

Rapple, "James Russell Lowell", American Travel Writers, 1850–1915 [Detroit: Gale, 1998], 247–254).

I have felt that you and I were brothers in misfortune—I hope in all other and better ways too.

The proofs were read with much pleasure, and despatched to Dr. Bucke, as you wished.

There is one additional "Camden" postmark, but only the name of the city is legible.

William Sloane Kennedy (1850–1929) was on the staff of the Philadelphia American and the Boston Transcript

; he also published biographies of Longfellow, Holmes, and Whittier (Dictionary of American Biography

was one half of the Boston-based abolitionist publishing firm Thayer and Eldridge, who issued the 1860

off their friendship in late 1872 over Reconstruction policies with regard to emancipated African Americans

Wm Cooper of this city (the free thinker, that I took over to see you some years ago) sent to the country

Twenty four hours after his death the retort fires were started on Sunday morning and at 4 in the afternoon

These are part of what thoughts were crowding in my brain as I stood watching for one hour till my friend

wished me to do in this matter and I know well he would have been pleased to know that his remains were

Traubel (1858–1919) was an American essayist, poet, and magazine publisher.

Traubel left behind enough manuscripts for six more volumes of the series, the final two of which were

David McKay (1860–1918) took over Philadelphia-based publisher Rees Welsh's bookselling and publishing

For more information about McKay, see Joel Myerson, "McKay, David (1860–1918)," Walt Whitman: An Encyclopedia

I see in Bob the noblest specimen—American-flavored—pure out of the soil, spreading, giving, demanding

Traubel (1858–1919) was an American essayist, poet, and magazine publisher.

Traubel left behind enough manuscripts for six more volumes of the series, the final two of which were

" presumably Lincoln's first campaign song, and served as correspondent of the New York World from 1860

He published many volumes of poems and was an indefatigable compiler of anthologies, among which were

(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885) and A Library of American Literature from the Earliest Settlement to

His shad and champagne dinners for Whitman were something of a tradition.

; he also published biographies of Longfellow, Holmes, and Whittier (Dictionary of American Biography

Benjamin Ricketson Tucker (1854–1939) was an American activist and editor of the anarchist periodical

He published many volumes of poems and was an indefatigable compiler of anthologies, among which were

(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885) and A Library of American Literature from the Earliest Settlement to

The great, vast bulk of of a city weighs on the senses like a nightmare, but if one doesnt care a button

"What is your city with its temples & walls?

a teacher and clergyman who was a controversial and extremely popular preacher in Chicago from the 1860s

Traubel (1858–1919) was an American essayist, poet, and magazine publisher.

Traubel left behind enough manuscripts for six more volumes of the series, the final two of which were

Valentine's Night," will be given in this city on February 14. 1891, for the benefit of the Aguilar Free

the hope that the Library's good work in disseminating the best literature among the poor of this city

Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835–1910), better know by his pen name, Mark Twain, was an American humorist

Brander Matthews (1852–1929) was a prolific American writer and critic who wrote novels, plays, short

He published many volumes of poems and was an indefatigable compiler of anthologies, among which were

(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885) and A Library of American Literature from the Earliest Settlement to

Edward Bellamy (1850–1898) was an American author, best known for his utopian science fiction novel,

be skipped," he must be studied by whomever would lay claim to the name of critic or student of American

Candidly and dispassionately reviewing all my intentions, I feel that they were creditable, and I accept

People in general are coming to think that his intentions were creditable, and no one who has really

being called a poet, but with those who raise the point (happily they are few now) that his intentions were

Whitman and gave him a long and important discussion, but referred to Whitman's attitude toward other American

Whitman and gave him a long and important discussion, but referred to Whitman's attitude toward other American

Traubel's With Walt Whitman in Camden—though it does appear frequently in the last three volumes, which were

David McKay (1860–1918) took over Philadelphia-based publisher Rees Welsh's bookselling and publishing

Traubel (1858–1919) was an American essayist, poet, and magazine publisher.

Traubel left behind enough manuscripts for six more volumes of the series, the final two of which were

Her works include The Mill on the Floss (1860), Middlemarch (1871–1872), and Daniel Deronda (1876).

no doubt it is a total invention (not to use the word fraud wh' is perfectly proper)—my relations were

Russell Lowell, 1860. Sept 26."

where he published Whitman's "Bardic Symbols" [later "As I Ebb'd with the Ocean of Life"] in April of 1860

Hamlin Garland (1860–1940) was an American novelist and autobiographer, known especially for his works

about the hardships of farm life in the American Midwest.

In 1860, when he was tried in Boston because of his refusal to testify before a committee of the U.S.

This letter is addressed: Andrew Carnegie | New York City.

Whitman sent this postcard to "New York City"; someone added "5 West 51st St."

In 1860, when he was tried in Boston because of his refusal to testify before a committee of the U.S.

Hamlin Garland (1860–1940) was an American novelist and autobiographer, known especially for his works

about the hardships of farm life in the American Midwest.

is living in poverty and retirement at Camden, in the State of New Jersey, over against the Quaker city

All around Washington there were towns, or rather clusters of hospitals, for the sick and wounded.

asked Whitman, pulling himself up at this point, as if he were conscious that he had for the present

However, if I were a young man as you are, I would certainly throw myself into the conflict on the side

Whitman," I here interposed, "that you were writing when I came to see you."

" presumably Lincoln's first campaign song, and served as correspondent of the New York World from 1860

He published many volumes of poems and was an indefatigable compiler of anthologies, among which were

(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1885) and A Library of American Literature from the Earliest Settlement to

Füssli] (1741–1825) was a Swiss painter who lived most of his life in England and whose many sketches were

City of Berlin "Inman Line" Jersey City 27-9-88 Dear Sir Today I was coming to Camden full of hope that

I am only a steward on the City of Berlin— you will see me?

The City of Berlin sails early on Saturday the 29th—may I hope for a few words from you before she sails—I

Russell Lowell, 1860. Sept 26."

Walsh (1854–1919), an American author and editor of Lippincott's Monthly Magazine.

Traubel (1858–1919) was an American essayist, poet, and magazine publisher.

Traubel left behind enough manuscripts for six more volumes of the series, the final two of which were

; he also published biographies of Longfellow, Holmes, and Whittier (Dictionary of American Biography

Rapple, "James Russell Lowell", American Travel Writers, 1850–1915 [Detroit: Gale, 1998], 247–254).