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Paumanok is the Native American name, and the name Whitman preferred, for Long Island.; Our transcription

.; Mannahatta, meaning "land of many hills," is the Native American name Whitman uses for New York City

The four poems that comprised "November Boughs" in Lippincott's Magazine were reprinted in the "Sands

The four poems published as the cluster "Old Age Echoes" in Lippincott's Magazine were reprinted in Good-bye

.; In the 1880s, a number of English critics were interested Whitman, including Matthew Arnold, Robert

"Sands at Seventy" printing of "The Bravest Soldiers" omits several words from the first line that were

Revised as "A Broadway Pageant (Reception Japanese Embassy, June 16, 1860)" in Drum-Taps (1865) and reprinted

Reprinted in the American (May 1881) and Leaves of Grass (1881–82).; Our transcription is based on a

poems that comprised the "Fancies at Navesink" cluster when it appeared in the Nineteenth Century were

Revised as "Leaves of Grass. 1" in Leaves of Grass (1860) and reprinted as "Elemental Drifts," Leaves

Norton, 1973) and Ted Genoways, Walt Whitman and the Civil War: America's Poet During the Lost Years of 1860

is based on Thomas Ollive Mabbott, "Walt Whitman Edits the Sunday Times, July, 1842-June, 1843, American

This poem later appeared as "Chants Democratic 7," Leaves of Grass (1860) and as "With Antecedents,"

This poem later appeared as "Calamus No. 17," Leaves of Grass (1860); as "Of Him I Love Day and Night

This poem later appeared as "Calamus No. 40," Leaves of Grass (1860); as "That Shadow My Likeness," Leaves

This poem appeared as "Calamus No. 21" in Leaves of Grass (1860).

Heavenly Death," Leaves of Grass (1871-72).; This poem appeared as "Calamus No. 37" in Leaves of Grass (1860

in Hand," Leaves of Grass (1867).; This poem appeared as "Enfans d'Adam No. 15" in Leaves of Grass (1860

This poem later appeared as "A Word Out of the Sea," Leaves of Grass (1860); as "Out of the Cradle Endlessly

The past and present were represented here.

On the tablets were the names of nineteen ministers, in regular succession; but there were others now

The aborigines here were soon subdued by Capt.

The houses were one story, of logs, covered with thatch.

Reminiscences were given by Elder Dr.

However, a notebook from the late 1850s or early 1860s (loc.00348) contains extensive notes in Whitman's

hand about the Jamaica Presbyterian bicentennial that were used in this article.

Some stones from this building were used in the foundation of its replacement, which was dedicated on

of Temperance organization and a deacon in the Presbyterian Church.; Several more detailed accounts were

His translations of the New Testament and the Old Testament were issued in 1661 and 1663, respectively

There were only seven or eight houses from Orange street up to Joralemon, on that side.

was not finished until the battles were over.

were wounded.

Some of the bodies were carried to their friends at distance places, but most were buried in Brooklyn

The ones we saw entombed at the Episcopal burying-ground were some of the officers.

1862, Henry Reed Stiles notes, “The graveyard was for many years disused, being finally removed in 1860

See Henry Reed Stiles, History of the City of Brooklyn: Including the Old Town and Village of Brooklyn

, the Town of Bushwick, and the Village and City of Williamsburgh (1867; repr., Westminster, MD: Heritage

, Fulton the First was not finished until the battles were over.

were wounded.

City Photographs [Written for the Leader.] CITY PHOTOGRAPHS. THE BROADWAY HOSPITAL.

Broadway Hospital, also known as New York Hospital, was the first major hospital in New York City.

In former times, both abroad and here, there were some awful cases of this malady; the tortures were

The city contributes nothing to its support, and, I believe, never has contributed anything.

"Velsor Brush" was Whitman's pseudonym for a series of articles entitled "City Photographs," which he

Glicksberg first identified Whitman as the author of the "City Photographs" series in Walt Whitman and

Leader.]; Broadway Hospital, also known as New York Hospital, was the first major hospital in New York City

Croton Dam, originally built in 1842 on the Croton River, was the first clean water system in New York City

Reynolds (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 65–66.; The 1788 "Doctors' Riots" of New York City

See Edward Robb Ellis, The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History (New York: Carrol & Graf Publishers

City Photographs [Written for the Leader.] CITY PHOTOGRAPHS. THE BROADWAY HOSPITAL.

Broadway Hospital, also known as New York Hospital, was the first major hospital in New York City.

Then this Hospital has quite a venerable name among the medical profession and surgeons of the city,

For more on these portraits and doctors, see Whitman's " City Photographs—No.

Inspector of New York City. all memorable in their art.

Glicksberg first identified Whitman as the author of the "City Photographs" series in Walt Whitman and

Leader.]; Broadway Hospital, also known as New York Hospital, was the first major hospital in New York City

of disease and exhibits on the human body.; For more on these portraits and doctors, see Whitman's "City

An ancestor was one of the first doctors to receive a degree in medicine in the American colonies.

Inspector of New York City.; Significant information is not currently available on the other doctors

one-fourth of those helpless and most wretched men (their last hours passed in the thought that they were

In my opinion, the anguish and death of these ten to fifteen thousand American young men, with all the

of benevolence and generosity which marks Brooklyn, I have sometimes thought, more than any other city

A military hospital here in Washington is a little city by itself, and contains a larger population than

I say one of the government hospitals here is a little city in itself, and there are some fifty of these

Most hospitals in Washington, D.C. were makeshift, often converted from abandoned army barracks.

H., I think he deserves honorable mention in this letter to the people of our city.

.]; Most hospitals in Washington, D.C. were makeshift, often converted from abandoned army barracks.

Some, however, were built specifically for the purpose of tending to the sick and wounded, as the number

According to the Brooklyn city directory for 1863–4, Eugene R. Durkee was a machinist and Lorick M.

Rae, a notary and copyist who lived in Brooklyn but kept offices at 13 Wall Street, New York City.

FROM MEMORANDA MADE AT THE TIME IN NEW YORK CITY, OR WASHINGTON, OR IN ARMY HOSPITALS, OR CAMP OR FIELD

Some were scratched down from narratives I heard and itemized while watching, or waiting, or tending

All the moral convictions of the best portion of the Nation were outraged.

The broad spaces, sidewalks, and street in the neighborhood, and for some distance, were crowded with

He was overthrown in 1857 and executed in Honduras in 1860.

He was overthrown in 1857 and executed in Honduras in 1860.; Plutarch (46–120 AD) was a Greek essayist

of a Brooklyn Veteran " (March 12, 1865); and Our Veterans Mustering Out " (August 5, 1865) of this city

Brooklyn, and after a service of three months in the summer of 1861, in the 13th Regiment of this city

Grant's Overland Campaign, Grant joined with Major General George Meade to fight Lee; the results were

Frank Butler, of this city, also an officer of the 51st, who was badly wounded in the action of September

Grant's Overland Campaign, Grant joined with Major General George Meade to fight Lee; the results were

Edward Ferrero, a dance instructor at West Point before the war, was a famous Italian-American leader

After the war he continued teaching dance lessons at the ballroom of Tammany Hall in New York City.

Even at the very outset our Brooklyn boys gave the best account of themselves, and were the first ashore

On the 8th, also, the battle of Roanoke continuing, they were among the first in the charge, and the

These were his last words. His death was instantaneous. A PARTING REMARK.

.; Edward Ferrero, a dance instructor at West Point before the war, was a famous Italian-American leader

After the war he continued teaching dance lessons at the ballroom of Tammany Hall in New York City.;

FROM MEMORANDA MADE AT THE TIME IN NEW YORK CITY, OR WASHINGTON, OR IN ARMY HOSPITALS, OR CAMP OR FIELD

They were very fond of it, and liked declamatory poetical pieces.

Many were entire strangers.

They are not charity-patients, but American young men, of pride and independence.

The two were chatting of one thing and another. The fever soldier spoke of John C.

.; Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807–1882) was a celebrated American poet.

FROM MEMORANDA MADE AT THE TIME IN NEW YORK CITY, OR WASHINGTON, OR IN ARMY HOSPITALS, OR CAMP OR FIELD

I have never seen a more pathetic sight than the patient and mute manner of our American wounded and

This B. is a good sample of the American Eastern young man—the typical Yankee.

It was quite fresh and nomadic, the way these two primal cavaliers, well mounted as they were on expert

Traveling with the Wounded: Walt Whitman and Washington's Civil War Hospitals ." northeast of the city

Many were wounded frightfully, and several killed in the melee.

In the morning the hatchways were thrown open, and we were allowed to ascend all at once, and remain

Let our disease be what it would, we were abandoned to our fate.

There were thirteen of the crew to which I belonged, but in a short time, all but three or four were

martyrs were mostly buried.

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

British General William Howe defeated American General George Washington.

Despite their defeat, the American troops' subsequent escape from Long Island without being attacked

Some eleven thousand American prisoners are thought to have died onboard.

The Society played an active role in New York City politics until it was disbanded in the 1960s.; John

After three days of fighting, Union forces retreated to Chattanooga, where they were beseiged for several

There were several skirmishes around Charleston throughout 1863, including two major battles in April

Both of these battles were Confederate victories.

THE ARMY YOUNG AND AMERICAN. I must give one short paragraph to that heading.

McReady I know to be as good a man as the war has received out of Brooklyn city.

first identified Whitman as the author in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

After three days of fighting, Union forces retreated to Chattanooga, where they were beseiged for several

weeks.; There were several skirmishes around Charleston throughout 1863, including two major battles

Both of these battles were Confederate victories.; George Gordon Meade, commander of the Army of the

The principal settlements were at Flatbush and according to tradition, the locality toward the shore

Besides their canoes, of which some were large and of elegant workmanship, and their bows and arrows,

almost the only manufactures among them were stone hatchets, and rude vessels of earth, hardened in

The produce of the settlements of the New Netherlands, and of the station at Albany, were principally

The name given to our city in old times spells in different modes.

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

No. 10 Old Stock of Our City.—The Burial Ground in Fulton Ave., above Smith street.

with crowds of interesting traditions and venerable facts of our city—giving it a broad mellow light

British General William Howe defeated American General George Washington.

, from the beginning down to the late date when burials in our limits were prohibited by law.

But they were strewed so plenteously that a fair portion has been secured and kept.

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

British General William Howe defeated American General George Washington.

Despite their defeat, the American troops' subsequent escape from Long Island without being attacked

The Society played an active role in New York City politics until it was disbanded in the 1960s.; Our

The 1860 census put Brooklyn's population at 266,661 inhabitants, making it the third–largest city in

Of these 511 were of stone, valued at $5,000,000; and 8,039 were of brick, valued at $40,000,000.

The rest were, of course, wooden edifices, and were valued at $30,000,000.

The topography of the city of Brooklyn is very fine.

The City Hall is a handsome structure enough.

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

style and content of the piece are consistent with other known Whitman writings of this period.; The 1860

census put Brooklyn's population at 266,661 inhabitants, making it the third–largest city in the United

there had existed two associated companies, the first of which was established in 1839.; The Brooklyn City

Population of Brooklyn in 1660. A Church in Brooklyn, 1666.

It will be remembered that the English settlers were interspersed with the Dutch, almost from the very

Some of these were occasionally treated with severity.

In New England they were even condemned to death.

The location was changed, and placed where it now is (in Joralemon street, south of the City Hall).

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

In 1772, he gave an execution sermon for fellow Native American Moses Paul; the sermon received worldwide

to have the theatre as "a permanency" in our city.

The Marquis de Lafayette was a Frenchman who fought in the American Revolution.

The Prince of Wales visited New York in October 1860.

The Japanese ambassadors visited in May and June 1860.

Such were some of the "events" of those former times in Brooklyn.

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

Many notable names in American theatre also graced its stage, including Edwin Booth and Eleonore Duse

Brooklyn Museum was closed in January 1851.; The Marquis de Lafayette was a Frenchman who fought in the American

Whitman's America (New York: Knopf, 1995), 33–34.; The Prince of Wales visited New York in October 1860

The Japanese ambassadors visited in May and June 1860.; Whitman gives his history of the Apprentices

Kirk's newspapers were among the first published on Long Island. either abandoned the publication of

Those were the days when "literature" had not become the dissipation which our modern days have created

Hartshorne was at one time appointed by a vote of the Common Council to the post of city printer, and

continued for several years to print the pamphlets, blanks, handbills, etc. for the city departments

Between '30 and '40, two or three attempts were made to establish daily papers in Brooklyn, but they

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

Kirk's newspapers were among the first published on Long Island.; The first issue of the Long Island

These powder-houses were covered with slate, and were the only edifices in the neighborhood—being placed

appropriated to a free city Burial Yard, or Potter's Field.

Then the buildings and grounds (which yet belong to the city) were leased to the Government for Marine

Then the present City Park, at the Wallabout.

Part of it was, in due time, filled up by the city, and forms the present City Park, with its northerly

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

British General William Howe defeated American General George Washington.

Despite their defeat, the American troops' subsequent escape from Long Island without being attacked

—Future Population.—State of Paumanok.—Landed Interest Valued.—South Bay.

It is argued that there are some dozen or twenty Long Islands here and there on the American coast and

future times significant as the seat of one of the most beautiful and intelligent of the first class cities

of the great nation of the Lenni-Lenape, or Delawares, of which stock the aborigines of this region were

there are all varieties of soil and appearance, from the gradually sloping eminences of the great city

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

T HE premises at the corner of Henry and Cranberry streets, now the City Armory Building, resounding

It was here the City Fathers met, and transacted the business of the public.

The Marquis de Lafayette was a Frenchman who fought in the American Revolution.

The above officers were not elected, but appointed by the Board of Trustees.

Robert Nichols, a former general, helped establish the city hospital in 1839.

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

Brooklyniana No. 8" (January 25, 1862).; The Marquis de Lafayette was a Frenchman who fought in the American

Whitman's America (New York: Knopf, 1995), 33–34.; Alden Spooner (1757–1827), who served in the American

Before Brooklyn obtained a city charter in 1834, Sprague served several terms as its president.

He may have also been the first to introduce the lima bean to American gardens.; Leffert Lefferts III

Kings), as is probably known to many of our readers, used to be at Flatbush, and the County Courts were

to be held, and all writs and processes were returnable, at the new Court-house in Brooklyn.

have been held at that place were transferred to the Apprentices Library in Brooklyn.

Then there were conflicting opinions, too, about the preference for different sites.

Some of these, we believe, were really purchased; and the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals [were] invoked

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

He died in office.; Anthony Campbell served as sheriff from November 1860 to November 1863.; Our transcription

Neither hose nor suctions were used, the supply of water being furnished in buckets, by hand, poured

The arms were placed fore and aft.

Eight men were sufficient to man this machine, which, like the venerable simile of the singed cat, was

The firemen were chosen annually in town meeting; and the choice was considered something to be proud

In 1793, there were about seventy-five buildings within the fire-district of Brooklyn.

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

"old ferry," advancing with steady increase, until it has become one of the finest and wealthiest cities

British General William Howe defeated American General George Washington.

Despite their defeat, the American troops' subsequent escape from Long Island without being attacked

This was a famous old church, built some years before the Revolutionary war; the services were in Dutch

After the superstructure of the ancient edifice had been mostly removed, as they were tearing away one

British General William Howe defeated American General George Washington.

Despite their defeat, the American troops' subsequent escape from Long Island without being attacked

Ray, a boss builder of this city.

Also known as the First Battle of Rappahannock Station, there were a couple of hundred casualties, and

It was fought between Grant and Lee; the results were inconclusive. fighting, and loss severe.

Grant and Meade fought Lee; the results were inconclusive. loss slight. May 26.

Grant and Meade fought Lee; the results were inconclusive. loss slight. June 2.

Also known as the First Battle of Rappahannock Station, there were a couple of hundred casualties, and

It was fought between Grant and Lee; the results were inconclusive.; In the Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse

Grant's Overland Campaign, Grant joined with Major General George Meade to fight Lee; the results were

Grant and Meade fought Lee; the results were inconclusive.; Whitman apparently refers here to the Battle

Grant and Meade fought Lee; the results were inconclusive.; The Battle of Bethesda Church was another

Then the elections of those days were sometimes held here.

John Russell Bartlett's Dictionary of Americanisms , 2nd ed.

The same offices were apt to be filled with the same persons again and again, year after year.

Here, from the earliest times, were "the polls" for election.

hand that were used in this article, including the piece's full title and sub-title.

However, two leaves in a notebook from the late 1850s or early 1860s (loc.05080) contain notes in Whitman's

hand that were used in this article, including the piece's full title and sub-title.; The Military Garden

; Old Colonel Green opened the Military Garden in 1810.; John Russell Bartlett's Dictionary of Americanisms

credit problems and eventual foreclosure.; The Marquis de Lafayette, a Frenchman who fought in the American

Reynolds, Walt Whitman's America (New York: Knopf, 1995), 37–39.; Before Brooklyn obtained a city charter

Next a hot and dusty little campaign, which resulted in capturing the City of Jackson, Miss.

It was fought with General Lee; the results of the battle were inconclusive.

Several of their officers and men killed were well-known Brooklynites.

The severed men fought bravely, but were pressed further away.

It was getting dark in the evening, and eventually they were taken prisoners.

.; Edward Ferrero, a dance instructor at West Point before the war, was a famous Italian-American leader

After the war he continued teaching dance lessons at the ballroom of Tammany Hall in New York City.;

It was fought with General Lee; the results of the battle were inconclusive.; The Battle of Spotsylvania

between Union Generals Grant and Meade and Confederate General Lee; the results of this battle also were

Lee.; The first two major battles of the Siege of Petersburg (Virginia, June 9 and June 15–18, 1864) were

Moreover, were there not the freshest and finest fish to be bought within stone-throw?

Light-house Keeper—and with an air which showed we were not going to stand on trifles, gave voice to

The very waters were as quiet as a stone floor, and we made a table by placing three boards on some barrels

Truly those were wonderful hours!

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

The material for this article is largely taken from Mary Louise Booth's History of the City of New York

(1860).

"S O REGULAR were [was] their lives that the lack of time-pieces made little difference.

This was a strictly family meal; dinner parties were unheard of, and the neighbor who should have dropped

Tea over, the party donned their cloaks and hoods, for bonnets were not, and set out straightway for

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

this period.; The material for this article is largely taken from Mary Louise Booth's History of the City

of New York (1860).

An explanation of our handling of the quoted material is given in No. 35, note #5.; These were ornamental

astonishing that immense quantities of good land lie yet untilled, within two hours reach of this great city

An immense city was sure to be that same Hicksville; now its sovereign sway enfolds a large unoccupied

thousands upon thousands of human beings, all lying unproductive, within thirty miles of New York city

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

nearer to rational comfort and decorum; but the several specimens of men, women and children whom I saw were

how few Americans there are who have not heard of thee—although there are equally few who have seen thee

Even to my unscientific eyes there were innumerable wonders and beauties all along the shore, and edges

There were earths of all colors, and stones of every conceivable shape, hue, and destiny, with shells

There were some of them tinged with pale green, blue or yellow—some streaked with various colors and

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

In 1836 it saw two rival stagings in New York City: it was performed in English as The Maid of Cashmere

last two papers, and since there are such ties of connection between the eastern counties and this city

The black-fish were biting famously, and I stood at the end of the dock, quite proud of a big fellow

It was a very pleasant and sensible party; the girls were unaffected and knew a hawk from a hernshaw,

who had been captured by Ninicraft, Chief of a hostile tribe, and kept for a long time in durance, were

And yet in all the deeper features of humanity—love, work, and death—they were the same.

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City