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Whitman received, like all our salaries in this city, a small affair; but he always lived frugally, and

You think it mere "recklessness" in him to charge that the literary class of American persecute our poet

Whenever he wants facts to sustain that charge, American authors will owe it to the magnanimity of Walt

author, favorably, if feebly, reviewing "Leaves of Grass" in The North American , even linking it with

Be it so: we can well pardon blindness—or could, were it not for its resultant bitterness.

If it were not for unduly trenching upon your space, I would like to show you the passages which the

I find it the most extraordinary piece of wit and wisdom that American has yet contributed.

seemed the sterile and stingy nature, as if too much handiwork or too much lymph in the temperament were

I rubbed my eyes a little to see if this sunbeam were no illusion; but the solid sense of the book is

When the author of “Leaves of Grass” was in Boston in 1860, Emerson was his frequent and cordial visitor

This general statement of the relations between the two men explains the talk upon Boston Common in 1860

And my arriere and citadel positions—such as I have indicated in my June North American Review memorandum—were

not only not attacked, they were not even alluded to.”

Chadwick may try to say that if Walt Whitman had any case to state, that hour with Emerson in 1860 was

While some critics did admit that they were puzzled about the poems that looked as though they were copied

were unable to cope with these challenges.

This is the piece "Once I Passed through a Populous City," first published in 1860.

The Whitmans were farmers or working men.

/ What cities the light and warmth penetrates I penetrate those cities myself,/ All islands to which

Countries," by Walter Grünzweig, first appeared in Gay Wilson Allen, ed., Walt Whitman and the World (Iowa City

The fact that most of Whitman's German translators were attracted to the poem, given their different

to the world of poetry—were interpreted by German translators as international poets to come.

The notion that these future poets were, in Whitman's words, "native" and "continental" did not have

As a lyrical version of American democracy, it would arouse German readers and teach them the democratic

Whereas American readers may well have identified the term with the American continent, this meaning

The twelve poems of the 1855 edition did not have unique titles; the first six were headed "Leaves of

neighbouring mountains, hoisted the inverted red flag to the foremast as a signal that the parties on board were

With Wales, it contains fifty-two counties, or thirty-seven millions of acres, and a population of about

legislative system till 1800, contains thirty-two counties, or twenty millions of acres, and a population

at a more rapid pace than any other part of the civilised world, some of the states of the North American

Barbadoes, Trinidad, and the other West India colonies, are less populous, the full amount being in each

In Ireland, the population is divided into seven hundred and fifty-two thousand persons in connexion

—Thus reasoned the Emperor Caligula, according to Philon, proving plausibly enough that the kings were

—Aristotle had said, before them all, that men are not equal by nature, but that some were born for slavery

undeveloped is, in not realizing that the individual , man or woman is the head and ideal, and the State, City

lives in one of the best houses of the place—"New Place" 1601 his father died, aged 71—his last years were

1600 As the first translations (worth‑mentioning) of the Iliad and Odyssey were published in 1675, Shakespeare

Chamberlain in behalf of him and Burbage 1600 and for some time before and after, juvenile companies were

At the back of the stage is a platform and balcony—that is the city-wall, where Helen will see the armies

—"What Pope says of some of the Plays of Shakespeare is probably true of all—that they were pieces of

His are perhaps more numerous in New York, in Cincinnati and Charleston than they are in other cities

The real Ossian, if ever there were one is put down at 300 or 400 B C ) Ossian bosky shield— ?

wonderfulness and divinity of Life, . exemplified in any object, a The be beetle, a the bull, snipe were

.— That is, the antique poems were growths — they were never studied their from antiques.— Wanderjahre

Blaine's South American policy?" "I do, decidedly.

The United States, as the biggest and eldest brother, may well come forward and say to the South American

I think no American can object to it. I believe Blaine is going to be elected.

Henry 8th—1509–1546 Under Mary, nearly 300 persons were burnt, for religious heresies Edward 6th, (9

to instruct them, and make them religious.— "Press" x article —James 2d, (him whom the name of the city

indulgent toward their kind of life; great European princes were in the same line, on a larger scale

.— The seas were at times infested with these rovers ; but though, to do them weaponry justice, most

individual freedom, against the invasions of the crown, unscrupulous power, or its deputies—these were

Versos of all pages feature the same "City of Williamsburgh" stationery as pictured for surface 2, each

cases requires skill more or less mechanical, which technical skill is often called 'art' as if there were

They were made in 1809, or about that time, and are contained in three volumes, lettered 'Siddons,' which

Exalted prophetic tone, as if the whole future were present to her soul.

UPPOSE an English Prime Minister were to persuade himself and a large section of the public that the

every circumstance of cruelty and indignity which could add bitterness to death; and suppose a bill were

The Empire State put this name instead of New York The population, Wealth & commerce Mts, the Mohegan

The Mannahatta that's it Mannahatta —the mast‑hemmed—the egg in the nest of the beautiful bays— my city—ma

pine & live-oak of Florida Mississippi Staple—cotton Louisiana sugar-cane —the coast—the levee of the city

on Shockoe hill ( Richmond Va. a picturesque, commanding hill, & the building looking down, as it were

We were unable to obtain an image of the verso of surface 43, although it is presumably blank.

We were unable to obtain an image of the verso of surface 43, although it is presumably blank.; Transcribed

of North American poets."

He never forgot, even for a moment, that around him were myriads of worlds and behind him were myriads

. . . " he said of American letters.

If the Southern slaveholders were his enemies, it was not because they were slaveholders, but for the

But the American followers of Fourier were quite active by the time Whitman was fully grown.

Gay Wilson Allen and Ed Folsom (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1995), 300–338.

or magazines exactly as they were printed here.

Poet," which was published in American Phrenological Journal in October 1855.

For the review, see " An English and American Poet 22 (October 1855): 90–91.

Leaves of Grass Imprints: American and European Criticisms on "Leaves of Grass" .

Boston, Massachusetts: Thayer and Eldridge, 1860. ---. "Leaves Droppings." .

the major publishing contexts for Whitman editions in Spanish have been Barcelona, Madrid, Mexico City

Álvaro Armando Vasseur (1878–1969) is the first Latin American known to have translated Walt Whitman's

Born in Montevideo, Uruguay, to two French diplomats, Vasseur was proud of his Latin Americanness, and

In his work, Vasseur appeals to the pride of his fellow Latin Americans by asserting Latin America's

Perhaps in part as a result of fascist censorship, Concha Zardoya eliminates the Latin American bias

International Congress held in Mexico City in 1901.

Here it has the unmistakable ring of celebratory pan-Americanism.

[I once passed through a populous city...]

Once I Pass'd through a Populous City Camino de las Indias Orientales [Road to the East Indies] This

The poems of Walt Whitman were known in Germany before 1868.

cents each January 1856: 93 copies in "cloth plain" at 22 cents each Bindings in June and July 1855 were

Cloth bindings in December 1855 and January 1856 were probably binding B, with blindstamped ornaments

If this statement reflects the amount that was eventually paid and no additional copies were bound, the

Whitman varied in his reports of how many copies were printed.

Bibliography of American Literature , Vol. 9 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991), 31–2.

Bibliography of American Literature papers.

American Literary History , 15.2 (Summer 2003): 248–75. Nierman, Judith. "Walt Whitman's ."

"More About the 'Publication' of the First American Literature 28.4 (1957): 516–17.

Another 196 were bound in paper or boards.

One reason the copies of these books were distinct was because the printed gatherings were not bound

Two stages of what were probably B bindings were noted in December 1855 and January 1856; one of the

Several of the copies were offered for sale at stores in New York and Brooklyn after they were printed

Several of the reviews also were included in the 1860 pamphlet Imprints , produced and promoted by Thayer

poetry, Whitman famously depicts himself as a "rough," whose poetry is an organic expression of the American

Images obtained from our library partners were scanned at 600dpi in tif format.

Through Other Continents: American Literature across Deep Time.

American Literature 22 (March 1950): 29-53. Frey, Ellen Frances.

Walt Whitman and the American Reader. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Esp. 73-78.

Some of his poems were not translated until the twenty-first century, and others still remain unknown

Międzyrzecki's translation of "Poets to Come" appeared in a collection of American poetry meaningfully

Both translators were active in the first decade of the new millennium—Boczkowski published his first

While there were no real problems with translating the dynamics of the latter—rendered as pędzę nazad

Only by reading the 1860 edition, which has never been translated into Polish, could a Polish reader

revised, and much shorter, version of the fourteenth poem in the "Chants Democratic" cluster of the 1860

In his view, the American poet offered new and superior models of love and showed "how to love oneself

Like most critics in his time, Gamberale believed that Whitman's lines were "prose, and nothing else.

He thus translated "Poets to Come" as if it were a prose poem and applied to Whitman's English language

In this context, the "you" is definitely American.

They longed for an American discovery of America.

In Freire's eyes, Whitman's Americanism was pan-human, not pan-American, and Whitman was thus on the

Americanism.

In his opinion—that is what his Americanism seems to indicate, an Americanism to which we can perhaps

All things were his brothers.

piece originally appeared in Gay Wilson Allen and Ed Folsom, ed., Walt Whitman and the World (Iowa City

Written on the back of tax forms from the City of Williamsburgh, the manuscripts were likely, at one

of ships, my city."

my city!" And its fifth and final usage in 1860 comes in the volume's concluding poem, "So long!"

on earth to lead my city, the city of young men, the Mannahatta city—But when the Mannahatta leads all

the cities of the earth."

In the 1860 Leaves , the poem seems to draw its origins from two poems.

Indeed, if it were not for you, what would I be?

The Obermann Seminar participants were struck by the fact that the 1860 version of the poem had never

been translated into any of the languages we were examining.

We were struck too by the revealing admission of the fifth and sixth lines: "Indeed, if it were not for

All of Laforgue's translations were later republished in the 1918 Nouvelle Revue Française edition, Walt

In their 1886 form, the Laforgue translations were published with the first French poems ever written

in vers libre , while the 1918 collection in which they were republished aimed to explode the singular

Roger Asselineau and Jacques Darras, who both taught American poetry in French universities.

14," in the 1860 edition of seem to be lost on all but one of the four translators.

For Whitman, these disciplines, and his own interest in and dedication to them, were often conflated:

"There were busy, populous, and powerful nations, on all the continents of the earth, at intervals [.

Through the stretch of time [. . .] there were busy, populous, and powerful nations."

Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1995. Camboni, Marina. Il corpo dell'America: 1855 .

"Whitman and American Empire."

consisted of the Poems alone—some months afterwards the extracts &c. prefacing the text, as here, were

the manuscripts, and these, along with other clues, suggested to Grier a range of dates during the 1860s

None of the manuscripts were published in Whitman's lifetime, though they share similarities with some

"Introductions Intended or American Editions of 'Leaves of Grass,'" Walt Whitman's Workshop (Cambridge

what this lady had written should be published for the benefit of English, and more especially of American

course, that all the pieces are equal in power and beauty, but that all are vital; they grew—they were

to concentrate within himself her life, and, when she kindled with anger against her children who were

And, if he were not bold and true to the utmost, and did not own in himself the threads of darkness mixed

of all, he were not the one we have waited for so long.

approximately half the poems found in the 1867 Leaves of Grass (poems that might have offended English readers were

from Persian mysticism to nineteenth-century phrenological journals, the influences on Whitman's work were

English Writers Philadelphia Grigg and Elliot's 1841 1862-1888 New York City Volume now held in Library

loc.03428 Underlines and manicules The Vanity and the Glory of Literature The Edinburgh Review, American

These accompany Whitman's notes on ancient European and Asian populations.

History of the American Revolution Berrian, William An Historical Sketch of Trinity Church, N.Y.

(See National Cyclopedia of American Biography , VIII, facing p. 397.)

Pasted-in note about 1860 titled "Muscular Poetry."

First line: "An American bard at last!

"From the American Phrenological Journal." [A]n English and an American Poet" 1855.

They are: "An English and American Poet" from The American Phrenological Journal; "Walt Whitman and His