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books are studied, with all their formidable arrays of technical terms, (and technical nonsense we were

How many young men there are in New York, and all our great American cities, who, just for a transient

primitive statement of the matter,) always so much latent possibility of disease in a man's body—as it were

woods or rivers—for we think you can attain all the desired results without leaving your home in the city

There are thousands of young men now in New York, and in all American cities, who go on year after year

.); Our transcription is based on a digital image of an original issue held at the American Antiquarian

civilized world, far less hardy and sound, less perfect as specimens of noble physique, than they were

not the necessary result; but that, in easy accord with modern forms, with factories, the life of cities

STRENGTH OF FUTURE AMERICANS.

The ancient athletes, however, were allowed nothing but water, or a sort of thick and sweet wine.

Those others were as vexations vexatious dreams—and now the awakening. How happily pass the days!

Jean Bihin (1805–1873) is described very similarly in an article on "Hereditary Descent" in the American

parentheticals throughout.; Our transcription is based on a digital image of an original issue held at the American

City Photographs—No. VII [Written for the Leader.] CITY PHOTOGRAPHS—NO. VII. THE BOWERY.

Both were named for the North-South streets that ran through their hearts and both boasted a host of

After a successful career as an explorer of the American West, John Charles Frémont became the newly

population.

"Velsor Brush" was Whitman's pseudonym for the "City Photographs" series.

Glicksberg first identified Whitman as the author of the "City Photographs" series in Walt Whitman and

Both were named for the North-South streets that ran through their hearts and both boasted a host of

A rift within the Republican Party in the early 1860s resulted in radical abolitionists calling for new

population.; "Velsor Brush" was Whitman's pseudonym for the "City Photographs" series.

Bohan, Looking into Walt Whitman: American Art, 1850–1920 (University Park: Pennsylvania State University

seems, in modern life, to be under the curse of an insane appetite, especially among the youth of cities

We say this state of things is throwing a bad ingredient in the stock of the population of our cities

There is no doubt, as things now are, among the young men of modern civilized life, in cities, that a

, and of all great cities, a sure and increasing amount of the tainted blood of prostitution, morbid,

In fact, three more installments of the series were published.

Eleventh of Poland, is lifted, much of it verbatim, from an article on "Muscular strength" in the American

thousand hours.; This sentence is also taken from the same article on "Muscular strength" in the American

, no.6 (June 1846): 194–195.; [CONCLUDED NEXT WEEK.]In fact, three more installments of the series were

published.; In fact, three more installments of the series were published.; Our transcription is based

on a digital image of an original issue held at the American Antiquarian Society.

We dwell upon this the more, because we notice that too many of the tendencies of American city life

diplomat, politician, and scientist; and Noah Webster (1758–1843) an American lexicographer.

CITY LIFE.

And why could we not have a good atmosphere in the city?

During the fall, winter and spring, most of our cities are as healthy as any country place.

York: New York University Press, 1984), 6: 2259, hereafter abbreviated as NUPM: "Since these articles were

the American race"; Other than minor variations of spelling and word inversions, Whitman takes this passage

Walter Scott (1771–1832) was a popular Scottish novelist and poet, Daniel Webster (1782–1852) an American

and scientist; William Harvey (1578–1657) an English anatomist; Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) an American

diplomat, politician, and scientist; and Noah Webster (1758–1843) an American lexicographer.

Aurora has been roaring very loudly and ably, though somewhat savagely, on behalf of the Native Americans

"Native American" here refers to a nativist party of American-born Protestants whose policies were primarily

The first native American party in New York appeared under the name "American Republican Party" in 1843

Immigrant Identity and the Politics of Citizenship: A Collection of Articles from the Journal of American

Let us have a Native American party.

.; "Native American" here refers to a nativist party of American-born Protestants whose policies were

The first native American party in New York appeared under the name "American Republican Party" in 1843

Immigrant Identity and the Politics of Citizenship: A Collection of Articles from the Journal of American

However, "Zanoni" was an expanded version of "Zicci," and both were written by Lytton.

Hundreds of citizens were gulled into a purchase of the mammoth sheet by this announcement.

They went word for word, and line for line; occasionally patches were transposed and altered, so as to

However, "Zanoni" was an expanded version of "Zicci," and both were written by Lytton.; Our transcription

Broadway borders City Hall Park on the west.

Near the City Hotel The City hotel was located at 123 Broadway "between Cedar and Thames streets."

See Thomas Longworth, Longworth's American Almanac, New-York Register, and City Directory (New York:

The Globe Hotel was located at 66 Broadway in New York City.

He wrote, "The chief street of a great city is a curious epitome of the life of the city; and when that

was located at 162 Nassau Street in New York's so-called "Newspaper Row," just across Park Row from City

It had several features that were unheard of in contemporary hotels. According to Edwin G.

See Thomas Longworth, Longworth's American Almanac, New-York Register, and City Directory (New York:

Gideon, 1841), 14.; The Globe Hotel was located at 66 Broadway in New York City.

He wrote, "The chief street of a great city is a curious epitome of the life of the city; and when that

yesterday, to see the humors of election, Whitman is referring to the recent elections for New York city

such children as shall be taken up or committed as vagrants, or convicted of offences in the said city

salle à manger," French for "dining room." they took their places, standing at the table, until all were

recognised by their countenances as having been paraded in the Sessions and before the Police, and were

The male portion of the establishment—which is the only portion we were permitted to see—appears to be

.; Whitman is referring to the recent elections for New York city council.; The "Society for the Reformation

such children as shall be taken up or committed as vagrants, or convicted of offences in the said city

the southern tip of Manhattan served as a gun emplacement and fortress for the defense of New York City

The crowd and the jam were tremendous.

Upon the Battery, pedestrians, singly and in groups, were enjoying the lazy breeze as it wafted along

American Eclipse famously defeated Sir Henry in 1823 at the Union Course.

cities of the period (Arne K.

the southern tip of Manhattan served as a gun emplacement and fortress for the defense of New York City

American Eclipse famously defeated Sir Henry in 1823 at the Union Course.

According to one source, the combined spectatorship at the race was larger than all but three American

cities of the period (Arne K.

Lang, Sports Betting and Bookmaking: An American History [New York: Rowman and Littfield, 2016], 1).

They pay us the compliment of saying, that they consider it the best publication in the city.

Were it not that people would cry "tit for tat," we should say what we certainly think, that this good

An American slave revolt occurred in November 1841 on a United States slave ship called the Creole .

British officials there ruled that the slaves were free upon arrival, and they had the right to use force

to gain freedom because they were held illegally as slaves.

.; An American slave revolt occurred in November 1841 on a United States slave ship called the Creole

British officials there ruled that the slaves were free upon arrival, and they had the right to use force

to gain freedom because they were held illegally as slaves.

He obtained his wealth through selling goods to American revolutionaries as well as investing in ships

He obtained his wealth through selling goods to American revolutionaries as well as investing in ships

It is almost impossible to calculate the number of papers that are printed in the city of New York.

In the nineteenth century it was one of the most influential papers in New York City, and one of the

His fame will endure as long as Americans retain a love for the beauty of sentiment or delicacy of style

The American A semi-weekly newspaper, the American (or the New York American ) was quite likely an anti-immigration

No man who reads the American can fail to form an opinion that its editor is a man of violent prejudices

In the nineteenth century it was one of the most influential papers in New York City, and one of the

New York Commercial Advertiser was founded by lexicographer and author Noah Webster in 1793 as the American

papers, and would later become a respected writer in his own right.; A semi-weekly newspaper, the American

(or the New York American) was quite likely an anti-immigration, nativist paper, possibly associated

lay, but also in obtaining the earliest foreign news from incoming vessels" (Frank Luther Mott, American

.— We understand that the Senatorial delegation from this city Referring to the New York state senate

We were represented there each day.

Both novels, however, were written by Lytton.

lemonade, and then drove home, where we arrived in abundant season to see that the friends of the Aurora were

Both novels, however, were written by Lytton.

Americans, who have revelled in the lap of plenty, can have but a faint conception of the horror of the

instituted an enquiry into the actual state of the case, A number of organizations in England at the time were

Brettell), 1840, 3–8. and persons were appointed to the sad duty of visiting the regions of distress,

Think of these things, Americans!

In "Black and White Slaves" he writes, "In England, nine-tenths of the population do not enjoy the common

.; A number of organizations in England at the time were attempting to repeal Great Britain's Corn Laws

In "Black and White Slaves" he writes, "In England, nine-tenths of the population do not enjoy the common

The "school question" refers to the controversy surrounding early 1840s public schooling in New York City

By the 1840s, over a full third of the population of New York City consisted of immigrants, nearly half

of which were Irish.

"Where" asks the writer, "are the thunders of the American press?"

Alas, were we to publish what he has written, we should hear enough of those, with not enough of American

The "school question" refers to the controversy surrounding early 1840s public schooling in New York City

Irish Catholics were by far the most vocal and politically influential group opposing the teaching methods

of New York City consisted of immigrants, nearly half of which were Irish.

with having to subject their children to the teachings of a Protestant curriculum, where educators were

directly opposed those of the largely Democratic working class and immigrant population (James Grant

See Stephen Mintz Huck's Raft: A History of American Childhood (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Park, located on the southernmost tip of Manhattan, was formerly an artillery battery to protect the city

We should be better pleased were our city government to have more parks—more open places, where a man

See Stephen Mintz Huck's Raft: A History of American Childhood (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

Park, located on the southernmost tip of Manhattan, was formerly an artillery battery to protect the city

.— Few days in the week are more interesting for a promenade in our stirring city than Saturday, for

tip of Manhattan, by the 1840s, the Battery had become a promenade and park for New Yorkers. hosts were

Here a group were gazing upon the tempting array in the toy shops; there, others were feasting their

Throughout the nineteenth century, there were many attempts to put Fourier's theories into practice,

bankism, high tarifism, Both the re-chartering of the National Bank and the institution of high tariffs were

Throughout the nineteenth century, there were many attempts to put Fourier's theories into practice,

Ralph Waldo Emerson.; Both the re-chartering of the National Bank and the institution of high tariffs were

.— James Fenimore Cooper (1789–1851) authored popular works of fiction that portrayed the North American

.; James Fenimore Cooper (1789–1851) authored popular works of fiction that portrayed the North American

Tammany Hall, founded in 1786, was the New York City headquarters of the Democratic Party that played

a major role in controlling New York City and New York State politics.

From the 1840s onward, Irish Catholics that resided in the city held the majority of power.

Gover, The Tammany Hall Democracy of the City of New York (New York: Martin B. Brown, 1875), 5–6.

.; Tammany Hall, founded in 1786, was the New York City headquarters of the Democratic Party that played

a major role in controlling New York City and New York State politics.

From the 1840s onward, Irish Catholics that resided in the city held the majority of power.

Gover, The Tammany Hall Democracy of the City of New York (New York: Martin B.

For more information see Terry Golway, Machine Made: Tammany Hall and the Creation of Modern American

public printing to an Irishman named Denman, who publishes a Catholic paper, the Truth Teller , in this city

The Corporation Attorney was the individual tasked with handling the city's legal affairs, and at the

Ellison History of the Office of the Corporation Counsel of the City of New York (New York: Martin B.

They threatened, unless these things were promised them, still to stand out, or throw their votes in

For more information see Terry Golway, Machine Made: Tammany Hall and the Creation of Modern American

The Corporation Attorney was the individual tasked with handling the city's legal affairs, and at the

Ellison History of the Office of the Corporation Counsel of the City of New York (New York: Martin B.

— A great fight came off last evening between Mike Walsh's Spartans The Spartans were a nativist group

of American-born and Irish Protestants that feared the rise of the Irish Catholics in New York.

Centre Street, in the Lower Manhattan area of New York City, extends from Park Row to the intersection

In the nineteenth century, it was less than a block from the Five Points intersection in the city's 6th

True, they are occasionally rather fond of a "muss," but they are imbued with the true blue American

The Spartans were a nativist group of American-born and Irish Protestants that feared the rise of the

of Rebellion (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2005).; Centre Street, in the Lower Manhattan area of New York City

In the nineteenth century, it was less than a block from the Five Points intersection in the city's 6th

the passage of a heavily amended Maclay bill in the state senate, hastily passed before the New York City

elections to give Democratic candidates for city positions an edge over their Whig counterparts.

This shady deal ensured that two no-votes were absent while only one yes-vote was absent, leaving the

See Diane Ravitch, The Great School Wars: A History of the New York City Public Schools (Baltimore: The

He has posted himself to the whole city as an unprincipled liar!

the passage of a heavily amended Maclay bill in the state senate, hastily passed before the New York City

elections to give Democratic candidates for city positions an edge over their Whig counterparts.

This shady deal ensured that two no-votes were absent while only one yes-vote was absent, leaving the

See Diane Ravitch, The Great School Wars: A History of the New York City Public Schools (Baltimore: The

Democratic Party and, more specifically, Tammany Hall, the center of Democratic political power in New York City

Whitman and the Aurora were strongly opposed to the bill, and despite Whitman's optimism here that the

Whitman and the Aurora were strongly opposed to the bill, and despite Whitman's optimism here that the

southern tip of Manhattan, the Battery was formerly a system of gun emplacements for defense of New York City

southern tip of Manhattan, the Battery was formerly a system of gun emplacements for defense of New York City

5 o'clock yesterday afternoon, a collection of people began to congregate in the Park, Most likely City

Hall Park, near the intersection of Broadway and Park Row in lower Manhattan, just south of New York City

Purdy (birth and death dates unknown) served on the New York City council as President of the Board of

Valentine, Manual of the Corporation of the City of New York for 1853 [New York City: McSpedon & Baker

A great portion of the audience were women.

.; Most likely City Hall Park, near the intersection of Broadway and Park Row in lower Manhattan, just

south of New York City Hall.; Elijah F.

Purdy (birth and death dates unknown) served on the New York City council as President of the Board of

Valentine, Manual of the Corporation of the City of New York for 1853 [New York City: McSpedon & Baker

In 1842, he was listed in the New York City directory as being a coal inspector or coal measurer, but

See Carolee Inskeep, The Graveyard Shift: A Family Historian's Guide to New York City Cemeteries (New

It may possibly not be known to all our readers that in the eastern section of the city great excitement

We were thrilled at reading the anecdote given above.

See Carolee Inskeep, The Graveyard Shift: A Family Historian's Guide to New York City Cemeteries (New

Harpers' Illuminated Bible represented one of the most significant American publishing ventures of the

In addition, some of the pages were printed in an unusual two–color format.

After the first print run sold out, new printings were issued in 1859 and 1866. Paul C.

And that nothing might fail, in completing so proud a specimen of what American enterprise can do, the

See Gutjahr, An American Bible , 71.

.; Harpers' Illuminated Bible represented one of the most significant American publishing ventures of

In addition, some of the pages were printed in an unusual two–color format.

After the first print run sold out, new printings were issued in 1859 and 1866. Paul C.

Gutjahr, An American Bible: A History of the Good Book in the United States, 1777–1880 (Stanford: Stanford

See Gutjahr, An American Bible, 71.; Our transcription is based on a digital image of a microfilm copy

'Seventeen hundred and seventy-six, or the war of independence, a history of the Anglo-Americans, from

Lossing (1813–1891) was a popular American historian and illustrator. published by Edward Walker, 114

volume, among other merits, is the most appropriate gift of which we know, for presentation to an American

And it is one which should be studied well and often by every American youth.

Our American reprint is brought out in good style.

Lossing (1813–1891) was a popular American historian and illustrator.; The illustrator was the French

Matters Which Were Seen and Done in an Afternoon Ramble MATTERS WHICH WERE SEEN AND DONE IN AN AFTERNOON

Members were also eligible for a drawing of original works of art by living American artists.

On the history of the American Art–Union, see Mary Bartlett Cowdrey, American Academy of Fine Arts and

once back on American soil.

In Greek mythology, the Pleiades were the seven daughters of Atlas who were pursued by Orion until Zeus

Until its demise in 1852, the American Art–Union sponsored free exhibitions of the work of American artists

Members were also eligible for a drawing of original works of art by living American artists.

On the history of the American Art–Union, see Mary Bartlett Cowdrey, American Academy of Fine Arts and

once back on American soil.

In Greek mythology, the Pleiades were the seven daughters of Atlas who were pursued by Orion until Zeus

.— We went into the Institute rooms in Washington st., The Brooklyn Institute, the city's leading cultural

Doubtless there were others worthy of particular commendation, but our limited time, (many had been taken

.; The Brooklyn Institute, the city's leading cultural institution and a forerunner of the Brooklyn Museum

" May 5, 1844, Sunday Times & Noah's Weekly Messenger (New York), The Journalism , 1: 190–91; and "City

Poet's Mound, and a fourth of Ocean Hill As with other rural cemeteries, locations within Greenwood were

at Clarke's grave and expressed sympathy for the poet in both "A Visit to Greenwood Cemetery" and "City

preserved in each of them; the sombre shade of the trees even, and the heavy pall, draping, as it were

The drawings in Greenwood Illustrated were taken on the spot by James Smillie; James Smillie (1807–1885

," May 5, 1844, Sunday Times & Noah's Weekly Messenger (New York), The Journalism, 1: 190–91; and "City

County Democrat, The Journalism, 1: 421–23.; As with other rural cemeteries, locations within Greenwood were

at Clarke's grave and expressed sympathy for the poet in both "A Visit to Greenwood Cemetery" and "City

Such enthusiasm was hardly needed to prove how spontaneously the hearts of the American people respond

1833 the New York Washington Monument Association was incorporated to erect a monument in New York city

In a late visit to the American institute fair, Since 1829 the American Institute held a big fair annually

See Landy, "The Washington Monument Project in New York," 291–97. and were assured by an old gentleman

If it is, it will be a disgrace and a laughing–stock to the whole city and state. . . . . . . .

1833 the New York Washington Monument Association was incorporated to erect a monument in New York city

Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 29, no. 4 (December 1969): 291–97.; Since 1829 the American

.— We have often wished that the severe economy of our forms of government in this country were susceptible

of Statues belonging to the National Academy, The National Academy of Design, founded in New York City

Its founders, all professional artists, were led by painters Samuel F. B.

We wish that such liberality were a more frequent thing in this section.

We would that the National Academy were so endowed that they could make their exhibitions perpetually

.; The National Academy of Design, founded in New York City in 1825 and still in existence today, was

Its founders, all professional artists, were led by painters Samuel F. B.

See especially Lois Marie Fink and Joshua Taylor, Academy: The Academic Tradition in American Art (Washington

techniques of the nineteenth century. or Miss Cushman, Most likely Charlotte Cushman (1816–1876), an American

Some of her more notable roles were in Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet , with Cushman even performing at

A bold graphic wood–cut Woodcuts, which are made by carving into a wooden block, were first introduced

In this country, in especial, it is highly necessary that each young American be versed in the lives

His letters were the charm and solace of her life; she cherished them with proud and tender solicitude

.; Most likely Charlotte Cushman (1816–1876), an American stage actress who also lived in Europe and

Some of her more notable roles were in Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet, with Cushman even performing at the

children, and over 20 illegitimate children.; Woodcuts, which are made by carving into a wooden block, were

The country is not half just to this eloquent writer; an honor and a glory as he is to the American name—and

style, aided by the pictures, afford a certainty of realizing and comprehending what is told, as if it were

allow its lessons of awe to reach the mind, and impress it with the fresh and holy images which they were

book was published by George Virtue (1794–1868), a London publisher with offices in New York, which were

Many of the drawings for the Illustrated Family Bible were contributed by the British engraver William

book was published by George Virtue (1794–1868), a London publisher with offices in New York, which were

Many of the drawings for the Illustrated Family Bible were contributed by the British engraver William

Among the "lions" of the great American metropolis, New York city, is the Picture Gallery at the upper

Termed "the American Daguerre" by the press, he soon fell on financial hard times and in 1847 sold his

Quoted in Robert Lifset, Power on the Hudson: Storm King Mountain and the Emergence of Modern American

James Kent (1763–1847) was an American jurist, legal scholar and chancellor of the New York Court of

Mickle (1805–1863) was Mayor of New York city, 1846–1847.

Termed "the American Daguerre" by the press, he soon fell on financial hard times and in 1847 sold his

Quoted in Robert Lifset, Power on the Hudson: Storm King Mountain and the Emergence of Modern American

James Kent (1763–1847) was an American jurist, legal scholar and chancellor of the New York Court of

Everett (1790–1847) was a diplomat, politician and man of letters.; Luigi Persico (1791-1860) was an

Mickle (1805–1863) was Mayor of New York city, 1846–1847.

City Intelligence CITY INTELLIGENCE. VIEW OF BROOKLYN, L.I.; FROM U.S.

It brings in the whole outline of the city, and though impossible, of course, on such a limited surface

The artist was the English-born Edwin Whitefield (1818–1892) who specialized in views of North American

cities.

Reps, Views and Viewmakers of Urban America: Lithographs of Towns and Cities in the United States and

; The artist was the English-born Edwin Whitefield (1818–1892) who specialized in views of North American

cities.

attention to detail, Whitefield's View of Brooklyn, executed early in his career, is characteristic of his city

Whitefield would go on to produce views of sixty other cities, including New York, Albany, Boston, Chicago

Reps, Views and Viewmakers of Urban America: Lithographs of Towns and Cities in the United States and

A great deal is said by American writers and orators about the duty and mission of America, to the future

One of them is to preserve the Memory of the Red Men, the North American 'Indians,' as they are miscalled

like many of his contemporaries following the Indian Removal Act of 1830, believed that the Indians were

Whitman shared Catlin's belief that the Indians were a dying race, and late in his career, in the poem

Today Catlin's paintings are housed in the Smithsonian American Art Museum.

.; George Catlin (1796–1872) was an American painter, author, collector and entrepreneur who, like many

of his contemporaries following the Indian Removal Act of 1830, believed that the Indians were a doomed

and Therese Thau Heyman, eds., George Catlin and His Indian Gallery (Washington, DC: Smithsonian American

Whitman shared Catlin's belief that the Indians were a dying race, and late in his career, in the poem

Indians (1841) and Catlin's North American Indian Portfolio, Hunting Scenes and Amusements of the Rocky

Major Samuel Ringgold (1796–1846), a West Point graduate killed in the Mexican–American war, became a

Augusta Browne (1820–1882) was a prolific American composer and author.

Sigourney (1791–1865), Caroline Hyde Butler Laing (1804–1892) and Elizabeth Oakes Smith (1808–1893) were

Also included was a portrait of portraitist and American history painter Benjamin West (1738–1832) and

Hall has contributed an excellent story and the "Sketches Abroad," by an American lady, are exceedingly

.; Major Samuel Ringgold (1796–1846), a West Point graduate killed in the Mexican–American war, became

Augusta Browne (1820–1882) was a prolific American composer and author.

Sigourney (1791–1865), Caroline Hyde Butler Laing (1804–1892) and Elizabeth Oakes Smith (1808–1893) were

who in 1867 would publish a book about his acquaintances in the art world: Book of the Artists: American

Also included was a portrait of portraitist and American history painter Benjamin West (1738–1832) and

To this day this remains the largest one-person exhibition by an American artist ever to be held there

See Dippie, Catlin and His Contemporaries, 120–21; Joan Carpenter Troccoli, "George Catlin: An American

Artist at Home and Abroad," in Stephanie Pratt and Joan Carpenter Troccoli, George Catlin: American

precious collection" Painter George Peter Alexander Healy (1813–1894) was one of more than a dozen American

have the opportunity of restoring to our country these paintings and memorials, so emphatically American

To this day this remains the largest one-person exhibition by an American artist ever to be held there

See Dippie,Catlin and His Contemporaries, 120–21; Joan Carpenter Troccoli, "George Catlin: An American

Artist at Home and Abroad," in Stephanie Pratt and Joan Carpenter Troccoli, George Catlin: American

July 9, 1846, n. 3.; Painter George Peter Alexander Healy (1813–1894) was one of more than a dozen American

Founded as a fraternal order on May 12, 1789, the group became a growing Democratic power in New York City

We were about waking the youngster, when a watchman who, unseen by us, had been leaning against the iron

Prior to the works of authors like Charles Dickens and Lewis Carroll, children were viewed primarily

How true their notions of the subject were, bear witness poor Oliver, and crazed Barnaby, and pathetic

Dickens's social criticisms were not always well received in the United States, but Whitman adored his

Founded as a fraternal order on May 12, 1789, the group became a growing Democratic power in New York City

Prior to the works of authors like Charles Dickens and Lewis Carroll, children were viewed primarily

Dickens's social criticisms were not always well received in the United States, but Whitman adored his

Barnaby Rudge is the main character of Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty, an American Revolution-era

For more information, see Amy Bridges, A City in the Republic: Antebellum New York and the Origins of

For the honor of American principle and feelings, our birthrights by inheritance, we should hope not.

Next fall if Tammany yields, her ascendency in this city is lost forever.

Krieg, Walt Whitman and the Irish (Iowa City: Iowa University Press), 16.

The Five Points was a region of the city where Worth, Baxter, and Park streets all intersected.

Tammany Hall was the central organization of the Democratic Party in New York City during the antebellum

period, and Irish Democrats increasingly influenced the city's politics, a fact that Whitman, as editor

For more information, see Amy Bridges, A City in the Republic: Antebellum New York and the Origins of

of New York City, of which the Five Points is the center.

The Five Points was a region of the city where Worth, Baxter, and Park streets all intersected.

Ireland, Records of the New York Stage, from 1750 to 1860 (New York: T. H.

By 1845, Sefton had played Jemmy Twitcher 360 times in New York City.

He achieved fame in New York City in the 1820s for his forceful and aggressive style of acting.

Intensely American himself, he Americanized the stage in this country."

the "first American actress of any importance to play major roles in England."

.; The Park Theater was located on Park Row, near City Hall Park, before burning down in 1848.; Arthur

Ireland, Records of the New York Stage, from 1750 to 1860 (New York: T. H.

By 1845, Sefton had played Jemmy Twitcher 360 times in New York City.

Intensely American himself, he Americanized the stage in this country."

the "first American actress of any importance to play major roles in England."

drained Europe of her blood and her treasures, that the nations sympathetically, mechanically as it were

England, in spite of her debt, and the miseries of a vast portion of her population, has increased her

From 1839–1842 England and the Qing dynasty of China were engaged in what was known as the First Opium

The United States and England were, at this time, engaged in an ongoing dispute over the border between

See Howard Jones, To the Webster-Ashburton Treaty: A Study in Anglo-American Relations, 1793–1843 (Chapel

From 1839–1842 England and the Qing dynasty of China were engaged in what was known as the First Opium

A line from Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, Act 3, Scene 1, line 270.; The United States and England were

See Howard Jones, To the Webster-Ashburton Treaty: A Study in Anglo-American Relations, 1793–1843 (Chapel

A few days ago we were quietly treading our way among the bales, boxes and crates upon one of the East

knowledge of his is of far greater value than all the fanciful smattering that is usually caught up in the city

But we were speaking of the ocean—that eternal fountain of the sublime and mysterious.

It is a frequent remark that we Americans do not give enough encouragement to the fine arts.

Lithographs are images drawn on finely polished limestone that were then run through special printing

The first color lithographs (chromos) in America were printed in Boston in 1840.

The works were generally sold through auction houses, fancy goods stores, or distributed by image peddlers

Yet the average intellect and education of the American people is ahead of all other parts of the world

Lithographs are images drawn on finely polished limestone that were then run through special printing

The first color lithographs (chromos) in America were printed in Boston in 1840.

The works were generally sold through auction houses, fancy goods stores, or distributed by image peddlers

Michele Bogart, "The Development of a Popular Market for Sculpture in America: 1850–1880," Journal of American