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wicked in carelessness of material construction, like the crumbly structures sometimes run up in our city

The domestic architecture—the dwelling-house architecture—of the city (for our Architectural Wickedness

not slow to hire them on the great American principle, that I am as good as anybody; which, however,

The girls are well prepared by their city training for such advice as that, and they take it.

fear, could they know how large a proportion of the business men and active male population of the city

By 1807, the park and the surrounding neighborhood were known as Hudson's Square, and the park served

John's Chapel—A Chapel the City Fought to Save," New York Times, April 27, 2008.; While it is not clear

These comments were revised and published in A Backward Glance O'er Travel'd Roads,, the essay that Whitman

In a debate last Monday night, in the Common Council, the points were pretty well presented, as far as

Were the taxes ever so light, property-owners would naturally pay with a little reluctance; but when,

Well, if such tax-payer has ever voted to elect such a man to administer the city’s affairs whom he knew

Senate were to be filled; but this is not now the case.

But further—Brooklyn is the second city in the State, and deserves to exercise a marked influence in

It is for us, then, to assure our city her due weight in the councils of the State, by sending to Albany

Robert K.Martin"Whoever You are Holding Me Now in Hand" (1860)"Whoever You are Holding Me Now in Hand

" (1860) The third of the "Calamus" poems is a warning to readers and would-be disciples.

Whitman demands of his acolytes submission to him as to God, for he is "your God, sole and exclusive" (1860

Breaking Bounds: Whitman and American Cultural Studies. Ed. Betsy Erkkila and Jay Grossman.

"Whoever You are Holding Me Now in Hand" (1860)

We were lately in a large company where the subject of Swedenborgianism being alluded to, a lady, not

The life of this man of the future (American Spiritualism is doubtless all from him), began in 1688 and

“That very night,” says he, “the eyes of my inner man were opened, and I was able to look into heaven

I saw those who were dead here, but they were living there; I saw many persons of my acquaintance, some

Many were attracted by curiosity toward him—some by sympathy.

1870poetry1 leafhandwritten; Fragment of approximately forty words, in which the poet writes that if he "were

[Walt Whitman], "An English and an American Poet," American Phrenological Journal , 90-91.

models and politics that were all awry: "Of the leading British poets many who began with the rights

"Thoughts on Reading, " American Whig Review 1 (1845), 485. Figure 2.

"Taylor's Eve of the Conquest," , American Edition, 89 (1849), 186. Figure 4.

He was certain that poetry must reach the people and on (what he thought were) their terms.

be skipped," he must be studied by whomever would lay claim to the name of critic or student of American

Candidly and dispassionately reviewing all my intentions, I feel that they were creditable, and I accept

People in general are coming to think that his intentions were creditable, and no one who has really

being called a poet, but with those who raise the point (happily they are few now) that his intentions were

Whitman and gave him a long and important discussion, but referred to Whitman's attitude toward other American

Whitman and gave him a long and important discussion, but referred to Whitman's attitude toward other American

Philadelphia Press About six weeks ago the children on Mickle street, below Fifth street, in Camden, were

morning after breakfast his housekeeper asks him with as much regularity and solemnity as though she were

writing pad was on his knee and numerous photographs of Elias Hicks, of whom the poet was writing, were

putting in identity of the wayside itemizings, memoranda and personal notes of 50 years under modern American

(To city man, or some sweet parlor lady, I now talk.)

The others surrender'd; the odds were too great.)

The rebels were driven out in a very short time.

You Russians and we Americans!

Two long tables were arranged the whole length of the big room on the second floor, and covers were spread

Samuel, of this city, and Benjamin F.

Boyle and other Philadelphians who were present. Francis B.

Then somebody proposed "Three cheers for Walt Whitman," which were given with a will.

He is a genuine continental American."

Whitman looked to the Americans whirring around him for inspiration, perceiving "a teeming nation of

Whitman's conviction that America and its citizens were poems in and of themselves echoed the zeitgeist

During this American Renaissance, as it came to be known, authors and philosophers such as Hawthorne,

" in the book's first poem, there were no other clues to his identity.

The third edition of , released in 1860, was the first released by a publisher.

Pieces that were evidently written later, and intended to be eventually put under Leaves of Grass now

Hence, at one time, our admiration for orators that were ornate to the verge of inanity.

Dire were the grimaces of the mourners in high places, and dire are their grimaces still.

There were plenty of criticisms to make, even after one had finished crying Oh!

A cardinal sin in the eyes of most critics is the use of French, Spanish, and American-Spanish words

Whitman passing his last years across the river from the great Quaker City, always using the quaint Quaker

Whitman's opinion of Tennyson is of particular interest, since the British laureate is one of our great American's

Above all, it was the contributions of American artists that piqued his editorial interest.

He focused in particular on the growing presence of American artists in exhibitions hosted by such prominent

institutions as the Brooklyn Institute, the American Art-Union, the National Academy of Design, and

Free exhibitions such as those organized by the American Art-Union drew special praise as did the sale

Historical subjects, portraits, biblical scenes, city views, botanical specimens, genre scenes, fashion

Not profit-based (though books were also sold), the distribution efforts of the American Bible Society

“American books, the physical objects as well as the texts and ideas, were exported around the globe

Mail and American Citizen (which were generally positive about the poet), the Charleston (S.C.)

See American Institute of the City of New York, Thirty-Second Annual Report of the American Institute

[John Reuben Thompson], “A New American Poem,” Southern Field and Fireside (9 June 1860): 20.

extraordinary findings (in Studies in Bibliography and then in Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass (1860

enough to include all of them among the forty-five poems of "Calamus" (published in the third Leaves in 1860

even mentioned it, and in his fourth edition of the , two of the three poems dropped from "Calamus" were

give the "Live Oak" poems in their first published form—that is, as they appeared in the third in 1860

Or the vaunted glory and growth of the great city spread around me?

Martin, ed., The Continuing Presence of Walt Whitman: The Life After the Life (Iowa City: University

The editors of the North American Review had sent him three dispatches, urgently requesting an article

Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1921.Zweig, Paul. Walt Whitman: The Making of the Poet.

Portions of this manuscript were also used in Autobiographic Note.

It would be a mistake, however, to suggest that the two brothers were drawn together only by the pull

Though perhaps driven somewhat apart in this way, they were drawn together powerfully in feeling when

Letters, as they were gathered and published, were arranged chronologically and assigned numbers.

When new letters were discovered, they were given the number of the preceding letter plus a decimal –

CITY  Mott avenue & 149th street  Station L New York City –I am stopping here till ab’t Aug: 18–(then

in New York City (Corr. 3: 289n). 2.

The plates of the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass, printed by Thayer & Eldridge, were sold to RichardWorthington

Whitman's Dispersed Poetry Manuscripts Kenneth Price, the Hillegass Professor of American literature

Existing images were gathered, permissions secured, and fees paid.

The poems were often not given the same title, and some were left untitled.

Transcriptions were encoded with Text Encoding Initiative (TEI).

Manuscript images were 24-bit color TIFF images with a minimum resolution of 600 dpi.

“I dreamed in a dream of a city where all men were like brothers,” Whitman wrote in the poem that would

invincible”) are now inscribed on the Camden city hall (LG 1860, 373).

On the eve of the American Civil War in the 1860 Leaves of Grass, Whitman is no longer singing an actu

at the time of the founding were be- ginning to tear the American union apart at the seams.

,moreardent,more general,” Whitman presents the 1860 Leaves of Grass as the “New Bible” of the American

Written on the back of tax forms from the City of Williamsburgh, the manuscripts were likely, at one

of ships, my city."

my city!" And its fifth and final usage in 1860 comes in the volume's concluding poem, "So long!"

on earth to lead my city, the city of young men, the Mannahatta city—But when the Mannahatta leads all

the cities of the earth."

So much for his Americanism, which has an inherent meaning and a power, in spite of all that is said

There is certainly a thing which may be called Americanism.

The following verses were admiringly quoted by Prof.

country, and they were often in the habit of displaying their pugilistic accomplishments."

Quoted in Dictionary of Americanisms (1848).

Sidgwick and William Clifford were both members of "The Apostles," the famous elite literary society

gives this account of the origin of the term "Hoosier": "Throughout all the early Western settlements were

The boatmen of Indiana were formerly as rude and as primitive a set as could well belong to a civilized

country, and they were often in the habit of displaying their pugilistic accomplishments."

Quoted in Dictionary of Americanisms (1848).

The poet's sleeves were rolled above the elbows, exposing a pair of arms white as a woman's, but symmetrical

GRANT, A TYPICAL AMERICAN.

"Washington and all those noble early Virginians were, strictly speaking, English gentlemen of the royal

era of Hampden, Pym and Milton, and such it was best that they were for their day and purposes.

, irrefragable proof of radical Democratic institutions—that it is possible for any good average American

City” (1860).

He appointed African Americans to high administrative posts, and during his term blacks were elected

Arguments have been made that “Once I Pass’d through a Populous City”—a key poem that reworks the New

In Ellison’s estimation, the contours of the “Negro American idiom” were to be found everywhere in US

Whitman, “Once I Pass’d Through a Populous City,” in Poetry and Prose, 266; Yusef Komunyakaa, “Praise

An alcoholic, she is alleged to have been a poor mother, sending her children out onto city streets to

She and his mother, he wrote, were "the two best and sweetest women I have ever seen or known" (Correspondence

Her death certificate indicates she was born in New York (no city or town is given), and her daughter

, no doubt rightly, that Walt was drawn to Mattie because she was so good to his mother, but there were

The early months of 1873 were devastating ones for Walt Whitman.

, there were 146 new poems.

Such images were viewed by many as pornographic in this Victorian era, as were Whitman's images of fathering

in the "Year 85 of The States. / (1860–61)," indicating Whitman's decision to use a new American calendar

The notes go on; some of the types were used; others were not.

for the 1860 edition in 1879.

Making Whitman is available from the Walt Whitman Quarterly Review, 308 EPB, University of Iowa, Iowa City

Center in Austin, Texas, and her letters to Helen Price held in the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York City

Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1921. Whitman, Louisa Van Velsor [1795–1873]

These problems were so severe that he was no longer able to hold a job, and the family began to fear

My first impressions, architectural, &c. were not favorable; but upon the whole, the city, the spaces,

Culture (Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 1992), 8. x  The city’s monuments were of special

The possibilities for African American life were unresolved at this time, as were the possibilities for

Washington’s black population tripled by 1870, jumping from 19 percent of the city’s total population

Mapping American Culture. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 1992. French, R. W.

While some critics did admit that they were puzzled about the poems that looked as though they were copied

were unable to cope with these challenges.

This is the piece "Once I Passed through a Populous City," first published in 1860.

The Whitmans were farmers or working men.

/ What cities the light and warmth penetrates I penetrate those cities myself,/ All islands to which

Countries," by Walter Grünzweig, first appeared in Gay Wilson Allen, ed., Walt Whitman and the World (Iowa City

Lawrence (see selection 27 and Studies in Classic American Literature ).

The chance of this might be formidable were it not ridiculous.

This is what he calls "robust American love."

At bottom his political views were limited by his own gospel of egoism.

Inanimate Nature and animals were all to be accepted; they were what they were, part of the process of

Wynn Thomas, first appeared in Gay Wilson Allen, ed., Walt Whitman and the World (Iowa City: University

of North American poets."

He never forgot, even for a moment, that around him were myriads of worlds and behind him were myriads

. . . " he said of American letters.

If the Southern slaveholders were his enemies, it was not because they were slaveholders, but for the

But the American followers of Fourier were quite active by the time Whitman was fully grown.

Gay Wilson Allen and Ed Folsom (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1995), 300–338.

No other nineteenth-century American authors, with the possible exception ofMark Twain, were so much

If, for instance, by some vast instantaneous con vulsion, American civilization were lost, where is the

cities so far as the native social ele ment, that which distinguishes them as American, was concerned

O'Connor had already made his acquaintance in Boston in 1860, when Thayer and Eldridge were printing

Walt had, in fact, read most of the American poets who were his contemporaries.

The aesthetes were not long in reacting.

Though most of the pieces were written in conventional form, some of them were in free verse cut up so

He had thought he would be read, understood, absorbed by that American people, that American working

were to be found in America, they were millionaire Quakers from Philadelphia, and Mr.

It gives the notes, as it were.

Belgium," by Roger Asselineau, first appeared in Gay Wilson Allen, ed., Walt Whitman and the World (Iowa City

They longed for an American discovery of America.

In Freire's eyes, Whitman's Americanism was pan-human, not pan-American, and Whitman was thus on the

Americanism.

In his opinion—that is what his Americanism seems to indicate, an Americanism to which we can perhaps

All things were his brothers.

piece originally appeared in Gay Wilson Allen and Ed Folsom, ed., Walt Whitman and the World (Iowa City

Hannah and Jesse Whitman were the last in the family to own a substantial tract of land.

WashingtonAs a soldier in war and a workman in peace, George Washington Whitman manifested the common American

George's disinterest in Whitman's art was also typical of the average American, much to the poet's eternal

burden caused by Eddie's care.George Whitman held responsible positions as a pipe inspector for the city

When Walt decided to remain in the city, buying a house of his own on Mickle Street, a rift between the

All of Laforgue's translations were later republished in the 1918 Nouvelle Revue Française edition, Walt

In their 1886 form, the Laforgue translations were published with the first French poems ever written

in vers libre , while the 1918 collection in which they were republished aimed to explode the singular

Roger Asselineau and Jacques Darras, who both taught American poetry in French universities.

14," in the 1860 edition of seem to be lost on all but one of the four translators.

He has not omitted, as some editors might have done, In a City Dead House and The Flight of the Eagles

Whitman family letters make clear that during much of his life he was capable of being out in the city

that he had been trusted to take her and her sister out for pushcart excursions in Brooklyn when they were

little girls in the 1860s.

We Americans apply too fast.

At the 1992 Whitman Centennial Conference in Iowa City, four senior Whitman scholars were honored as

The lecture was entitled "American Literature and the American Language."

By the time Eliot delivered his address, there were two nineteenth-century American writers whose reputations

Bergland argues, "In American letters, and in the American imagination, Native American ghosts function

By the time Eliot delivered his address, there were two nineteenth- century American writers whose reputations

In him the hitherto incompatible extremes of the American temperament were 15 fused.”

The possibility of showing the entire American population its own face in the Mirror Screen has at last

In the manuscript, the threat to the city is not mentioned, but rather “all the men were like brothers

He characterizes American landscapes from Canada down to Cuba, rivers and forests, cities and rural areas

The two were close for at least eight years. Anne B.

As editor ofthe Aurora, located just four doors from City Hall, he enters into the city's politicalbattles

This marks his return to the city.

Smith in New York City (DN, 1:251). 3 AUGUST.

These gifts were to furnish his home. 16 AUGUST.

said the "Good Grey Poet" to a North American reporter.

"If it were not for the new President I don't know what the papers would do for something to talk about

Walt was a newspaper man when most of the newspaper men of the present day were boys, and he preserves