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Literature1850s or 1860sprosehandwritten1 leaf; Whitman's heading indicates that these brief notes were

oratory and goal of becoming a lecturer in the 1850s, though he also maintained these interests in the 1860s

June 9, 1863: "I think something of commencing a series of lectures & readings &c. through different cities

manuscript in which Whitman discusses false meanings being applied to words, "as the term calling the American

A.MS. draft.loc.00037xxx.00053[Yet completion were lacking if]between 1850-1860poetryhandwritten1 leaf26.5

[Yet completion were lacking if]

The highly bred Irishman, and the educated American seem to me the pinks of travellers.

by some statistician that there are eleven millions of Advertisements published annually in the American

The first charge was never made against the American people before—and will not be relied on by any body

, is, that men have placed a blind faith in one another , and in institutions that, results prove, were

NEW AMERICAN AUTHORESS.—Mrs. Emma D. M.

With Wales, it contains fifty-two counties, or thirty-seven millions of acres, and a population of about

legislative system till 1800, contains thirty-two counties, or twenty millions of acres, and a population

at a more rapid pace than any other part of the civilised world, some of the states of the North American

Barbadoes, Trinidad, and the other West India colonies, are less populous, the full amount being in each

In Ireland, the population is divided into seven hundred and fifty-two thousand persons in connexion

The poem first appeared in the 1860 edition as Proto-Leaf. Proem

Glue residue shows that these leaves were formerly pasted to two other leaves, upon which is written

related to As I Walk These Broad Majestic Days, which was first published as Chants Democratic 21 in 1860

Swarming and multitudinous as the population of the city still is, there are many thousands of its usual

They evidently preserve all the ceremoneousness ceremoniousness of the cit city —dress regularly for

gentility in your places; to which they ought to come for relief from the glare and stiffness of the city

Whitman as the author of the "Letters from Paumanok" series in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose (Garden City

Whitman as the author of the "Letters from Paumanok" series in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose (Garden City

Orient, (formerly Oysterponds,) Orient, New York was originally called Poquatuck after a Native American

Also, there were crabs, and divers diverse small fry.

Old times were talked of.

Those were jovial times, but now "it was all pride, fashion and ceremony."

They were lost in a terrible storm that came up while they were out at sea.

Whitman as the author of the "Letters from Paumanok" series in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose (Garden City

known Whitman works of this period.; Orient, New York was originally called Poquatuck after a Native American

tribe, but later changed to Oysterponds and, in 1851, to Orient.; Frederick William Lord (1800–1860)

(Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 [New York: Oxford University Press, 1999], 467, 642).; Whitman

Emory Holloway (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1921), 250–254, and appears in brackets below

bluff overlooking Brooklyn Village (Edwin Burrows and Mike Wallace, Gotham: A History of New York City

It seemed as if all that the eye could bear, were unequal to the fierce voracity of my soul for intense

And yet there were the most choice and fervid fires of the sunset, in their brilliancy and richness almost

After travelling through the fifteen years' display in this city, of musical celebrities, from Mrs.

His feelings were not returned. with all her blandishments, never touched my heart in the least.

Whitman as the author of the "Letters from Paumanok" series in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose (Garden City

bluff overlooking Brooklyn Village (Edwin Burrows and Mike Wallace, Gotham: A History of New York City

the United States throughout the mid-nineteenth century, traveling as far west as Wisconsin in the 1860s

His feelings were not returned.; A limner is an artisan who illuminates manuscripts.; Our transcription

In 1660, the population was one hundred and thirty- four souls: in 1698 it had increased to five hundred

During this period, and for a long time afterwards, almost all the inhabitants of Brooklyn were Dutch

In that year, a number of emigrants, chiefly Walloons, were sent out from Holland to Manhattan, under

Francis Bright, who came out in 1629, were the first regularly ordained ministers in Massachusetts.

All around were then open cultivated fields with farm houses.

other European power, seated upon what must one day have been the easternmost projection of the American

Both shrouded as it were from the world, and dedicated to the service of Apollo almost from their very

Her first attempts at verse were given to the Athenaeum without any signature, or indeed even initial

word, and call Browningesque; for we question if, till Miss Barrett wrote, so singular a position were

.00113xxx.00226xxx.00526xxx.00048[med Cophósis]Between 1852 and 1854poetry2 leaveshandwritten; These pages were

Drakeloc.00158xxx.00048"Summer Duck"Between 1852 and 1855poetryprosehandwritten2 leaves; These pages were

The lines at the end of this manuscript were also reworked and used for a different section of the same

The false and the phantasmal have ever been considered the necessary complements, as it were, of our

They heard gods in winds and in fire—and altars to these were among the earliest raised.

The forests were sacred to the universal Pan—his fauns, sylvans and satyrs; every oak had its hamadryad

The Swiss peasants were successful, and are held in honorable remembrance forever.

We have a thousand proofs that they were rude, bad, ignorant times.

Grass points out that this is a revised reprint of an article by the same title published by the American

—Then we should see an American Democracy with thews and sinews worthy this sublime age.— It is from

—I know well (for I am practically in New York) the real heart of this mighty city—the tens of thousands

—At this moment, New York is the most radical city in America.

—It would be the most anti-slavery city, if that cause hadn't been made ridiculous by the freaks of the

.— ☞ At a late fire in Cambridge, Mass., while the flames were consuming the lower part of a dwelling

The Goldsboro' Patriot states the case as follows: "They were the children of a free negro by the name

They were consequently his slaves, and, he having become involved, they were sold for his debts."

Versions of these cancelled and fragmentary lines were used in the first poem in that edition, eventually

The cancelled lines on the back of this leaf (loc.05705) were revised and used in the 1855 edition of

Selections and subjects from this notebook were used in the 1855 edition of Leaves of Grass, including

The first several lines of the poem (not including this line) were revised and published in The American

opposite side, as in some very similar notes currently housed at Duke University, point toward the 1860

The manuscript is written on the blank side of an 1850s tax form from the City of Williamsburgh.

Fredson Bowers, have generally assumed that Whitman used the Williamsburgh tax forms from 1857 to 1860

The city of Williamsburgh was incorporated with Brooklyn effective January 1855, so the forms would have

been obsolete after that date (Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] [Chicago: University of

At least two of the tax forms Whitman used were dated 1854 (see, for instance, "Vast national tracts"

between rough drafts of poems in this notebook (called An Early Notebook in White's edition) and the 1860

On surface 54 is a passage that seems to have contributed to the 1860 poem that became Song at Sunset

on ornament and they appear in the poem, Suggestions, which initially appeared in Leaves of Grass (1860

See Holloway, A Whitman Manuscript, American Mercury 3 (December 1924), 475–480. See also Andrew C.

One passage seems to have contributed to the 1860–1861 poem that Whitman later titled Our Old Feuillage

The first several lines of that poem (not including the line in question) were revised and published

as My Picture-Gallery in The American in October 1880 and then in Leaves of Grass as part of the Autumn

visit to Egypt, two sets of manuscript notes about Egypt that Edward Grier dates to between 1855 and 1860

or amusements or the costumes of young men, can long elude the jealous and passionate instinct of American

Fredson Bowers, have generally assumed that Whitman used the Williamsburgh tax forms from 1857 to 1860

The city of Williamsburgh was incorporated with Brooklyn effective January 1855, so the forms would have

been obsolete after that date (Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] [Chicago: University of

At least two of the tax forms Whitman used were dated 1854 (see, for instance, "Vast national tracts"

Black Presence in Whitman's Manuscripts, in Whitman Noir: Black America and the Good Gray Poet (Iowa City

Grass, in addition to a few images and phrasings that Whitman used in the second (1856) and third (1860

A brief passage on surface 12 possibly contributed to the poem first published in 1860 as the fourth

Two passages on surface 21 were used in the tenth poem of the 1855 Leaves of Grass, later titled There

Two of the draft lines of poetry on surface 31 were used in the untitled third poem of the Debris cluster

in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass.

tractsBetween 1854 and 1860prosehandwritten2 leaves; The first manuscript leaf is written on the back of a City

Fredson Bowers, have generally assumed that Whitman used the Williamsburgh tax forms from 1857 to 1860

The city of Williamsburgh was incorporated with Brooklyn effective January 1855, so the forms would have

been obsolete after that date (Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] [Chicago: University of

difficult to date conclusively, but it was almost certainly written after 1854 and probably before 1860

Two entries for "George Fitch" are listed in the New York City directory for 1855–56.

Grier postulates that "the three young men mentioned here were probably itinerant omnibus drivers" (Notebooks

Two entries for "George Fitch" are listed in the New York City directory for 1855–56.

Grier postulates that "the three young men mentioned here were probably itinerant omnibus drivers" (Notebooks

Two entries for "George Fitch" are listed in the New York City directory for 1855–56.

Grier postulates that "the three young men mentioned here were probably itinerant omnibus drivers" (Notebooks

Readers were used to formal portraits of authors, usually in frock coats and ties.

Very often they were posed at reading tables with books spread open before them or holding a thick volume

conveniences — and possessed Every one of these officers should be possessed with the genuine eternal American

—The right sort of men will exemplify them just as well here directly at our doors or in our City Hall

Joel Myerson (New York: Garland, 1993), 2:522-523; Major American Authors on CD-Rom: Walt Whitman (Westport

Joel Myerson (New York: Garland, 1993), 2:522-523; Major American Authors on CD-Rom: Walt Whitman (Westport

most selfish interests of a few, and The offices great city are not principally created for as to be

—They are part of the organic motion of the city, for the life and health of it from head to foot.— WW

WW After all has been is said, however, it the work of establishing and raising the character of cities

Transcribed from digital images of the original that were posted to Sotheby's website.

.; Transcribed from digital images of the original that were posted to Sotheby's website.; Poetic lines

just as will much here directly at our doors, or the corners of our streets curbstones, or in our City

Hall.— After all is said, however, the work of establishing and raising the character of cities of course

.— All that there is in what The enti What men think enviable, if it were could be collected together

princely youth of Athens—cross-questioning—his big paunch—his bare feet—his subtle tongue— These pages were

These pages were written by Whitman in the early to mid-1850s.

The notes on American character relate to ideas expressed in "Song of Myself," most directly to the line

True noble expanded American character is raised on a far more lasting and universal basis than that

Every American young man should carry himself with the finished and haughty bearing of the greatest ruler

st an oo d in the presence of my superior.— I could now abase myself if God If the presence of Jah were

God were made visible immediately before me, I could not abase myself.

.— For the city or state to become the general guardian or overseer and dry nurse of a man, and point

Walt Whitman's Caution, a poem first appearing as one of the Messenger Leaves in Leaves of Grass (1860

Lines from this manuscript were revised and used in A Song of Joys, which first appeared in the 1860

These comments were revised and published in A Backward Glance O'er Travel'd Roads,, the essay that Whitman

that in theBetween 1854 and 1888prosehandwritten1 leaf; This manuscript is written on the back of a City

Fredson Bowers, have generally assumed that Whitman used the Williamsburgh tax forms from 1857 to 1860

The city of Williamsburgh was incorporated with Brooklyn effective January 1855, so the forms would have

been obsolete after that date (Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] [Chicago: University of

At least two of the tax forms Whitman used were dated 1854 (see, for instance, "Vast national tracts"

and the use of the 1855 wrapper paper, this note was likely written sometime between late 1855 and 1860

revised in ink, about the 1833 Leonid meteor shower, likely related to the poem Year of Meteors. (1859–1860

It is possible that these lines are related to the poem Year of Meteors. (1859–1860), although other

It is possible that these lines were present on the manuscript when he made his transcription but have

Given the use of the 1855 wrapper paper, this was likely composed between late 1855 and 1860.

nature" that Whitman reworked and used in the poem To a President, first published in Leaves of Grass (1860

This manuscript contributed to the poem Proto-Leaf, which was first published in the 1860 edition of

Phrases and ideas from this manuscript were incorporated in the poem Unnamed Lands, first published in

the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass.

Both manuscript drafts were probably originally continuous with manuscript drafts on the leaf from which