[begin surface 1]
Henry 8th—1509–1546Under Mary,
nearly 300 persons
were burnt, for
religious heresies
Edward 6th, (9 years old) 1546–1553
Mary—1553–1558—(Lady Jane Grey executed)
Elizabeth—1558–1602.
entree upon Royalty greeted with
popular joy
She, with Parliament, [illegible] established
the reformed religion,—superseding
the papal Roman Catholic
1568 (Mary Stuart fled to England, and
was imprisoned by Elizabeth.)
Execution of Duke of Norfolk
for conspiring against the royalty
of Elizabeth
1586—Mary Stuart executed
Philip of Spain, bigoted Catholic,
(Revolt of Netherlands)—which
the English assisted) proceed
to invade England—got up
the "Invincible Armada."
—Spain then perhaps the
☞ Leading power of the world)
—English in great alarm
—("this was the critical
struggle, for and against
the Reformation)—
grand naval battle between
the Spanish armada under the
Duke of Medina Sedonia, and
the English fleet under Effingham,
Drake, Hawkins and Forbisher—
—English triumph—and defeat and
dispersal of the Spaniards.—
☞ It was no English
triumph—it was the
elements that destroyed the
Spanish armada
[begin surface 2]
[begin surface 3]
(Elizabeth continued)
Earl of Essex in great
favor (he 30, and Elizabeth
60, years of age,)
—the English turn the tables
upon Spain—
—Irish rise, under Earl of Tyrone—
Essex goes to subdue them, but
fails—returns home—misbehaves—
is arrogant and disobedient—
plots to get command of the
palace and ^the queen's person—
—tries to arouse the Londoners
in his behalf—no go—is
arrested, tried, condemned—
es co has the horrors—confesses—
—(here—the romantic despair
of Elizabeth,— who has to
sign the death‑warrant—
Essex is beheaded.— Elizabeth
now rapidly fails,—her heart
is broken—she falls fell into
a half‑stupid condition,
broken by spasms—died, aged
70—in the 45th year of her reign.
—The greatest strength, progress,
material wealth, and
literary glory of England, date
from her reign.—
[begin surface 4]
[begin surface 5]
(Elizabeth continued)
Sir Walter Raleigh, the
beginner of Virginia, Spenser,
Shakespeare, Bacon, Hooker,
and others.—
1602—
James 1st of England (6th of Scotland)
—1602–1625
(came acceptably to the people)
Gunpowder plot—
to blow up Parliament—
Parliament to meet Nov. 5 1605
—Guy Fawkes seized
The sagacity with which the king
had discovered the plot had raised
the public opinion of him—
1612 Yet afterward the folly with
which he gave himself up to his
favorites undeceived the nation
—The episode of Sir Walter Raleigh—
—who had long been imprisoned in the
Tower—his voyage for the "gold mine"
in Guiana (South America,)—his return
and execution—
Villiers' (Buckingham) romantic expedi‑
tion to Spain)
Wars against Spain, and Germany—
—misfortunes—death—1625
—
[begin surface 6]
- 1603 Accession James 1st
- 1625 " Charles 1st.
(In due time, Rebellion,
War, the Parliament
until)
- 1649—The Commonwealth
- 1660—Restoration of Charles 2d
In France
- 1610 Louis 13th
- 1643 Louis 14th—(aged—(6 years)
- 1715 Louis 15th
England
- 1685—James 2d
- 1689—"[inkblot] Revolution"
—William & Mary
- 1694 William
WJames 2d died
at St. Germains
Sept. 1701
- 1702, Anne
- 1714, George 1st
- 1727 George 2d
- 1760 George 3d
[begin surface 7]
[begin surface 8]
Charles 1st
1625–1648
(now athe great moral,
social, and political
commotion is aroused
in the [illegible] minds of men
—that has had such dark fortunes and bright
fortune——that cannot cease—
and has come down to
our times—
In want of funds, Charles
tries to raise them on
his own prerogative ^ship money, &c.—which
deeply offends the Commons—
War against France
Crisis between Charles and
the Parliament—he dissolves it—
they adopt an address, in strong
language—
Buckingham assassinated
1629—Charles makes peace—
he now takes Wentworth
(afterward Earl of Strafford,) and Lord
Archbishop of Canterbury into
power and friendship
—cause of popular rights against
royalty—
[begin surface 9]
(Charles 1st continued)
—Trouble in Scotland, on
religious grounds—the
king still arbitrary—and
the new—parliament dissolved for
not giving in to his
desires—the episode, etrial,
and execution of Strafford—
—the rising in Ireland of
the Roman Catholics, —the
mur ^indiscriminate slaughter of many
thousand Protestants—the
appearance gro sterner
and sterner visage of
the public—the
developement of the republican
spirit, its appearance
in speeches and pamphlets—
—the high liberal tone (1641)
in Parliament—the
inconceivable arrogance and
rashness of Charles, who
going in person to the House
of Commons to arr seize
those who had spoken
[begin surface 10]
(Charles continued)
against him—his then
his retraction and ^various ignomin‑
ies—then open rupture
between the king and Parlia‑
ment—war (1642)—the
designations of the two
sides, Cavaliers and
Roundheads—the queen
arriving from Holland with
re help in men and
money to help the king—
the peo body of the English
people declaring for the
Parliamentary side—the
first campaign—Hampden
killed—Lord Falkland also—
—the ^national Parliament becoming
republican—the a
counter parliament called held
by the king at Oxford—
—hostilities renewed—(1644)—
[begin surface 11]
—the deputation of two
thousand women to the
national Parliament,
vehemently demanding "Peace"—
—the battle of Marston-
Moor, the beginning of the
downfall disasters of Charles ——
——the Scotch having joined the
Parliamentary army,—and
Oliver Cromwell now
moving up, ^app advancing a victorious militaire— —the trial
and execution of Land—
—puritanism brought
forward—the battle of
Naseby, (June 14, 1645)
the gr a ^the ^a decisive victory
of the Parliament army—
and last attempt of
the king—the retreat to
Oxford—the king's resolve
to give himself up to
the Scotch—they give him
up to the Parliaments,—
[begin surface 12]
receiving 400,000 £—
Cromwell coming forward,
stronger and stronger—
—the army b becoming the
state, the controlers of power,—
—divisions among the
victors—Cromwell
seizing pow command,
through his popularity
with the soldiers—
his summary treatment
of all who stood out
against him—the last
struggles between of the
Commons and against the army
junction of and Cromwell—
with and—the Independents—
"Pride's Purge"—Cromwell
in possession—the
kings trial brought, to trial,
dejected, shorn deprived of all
the insignia of royalty,
to but dignified—the
lesson, the ^stern triumph of the people—
[begin surface 13]
—the execution of
Charles, Jan. 30, 1648—
—Cromwell in Ireland,
against the risen Cath‑
lics, his sweeping vic success and
severity there—^young Charles 2d
in Scotland, and the people for him——Cromwell
in Scotland, victorious—
—his rapid movements ^back—
the his victory at
Worcester—the new rule
soon prevailing in all
parts of Great Britain—war with Holland—
—English naval victories combat under Blake—Dutch
under Van Tromp—
—the petition of the
army to Parliament for
old arrears of pay—
anger ^and refusal of Parliament—Cromwells
marching to Parliament and
clearing the House—a
new one called, in
Cromwell's interest—they
[begin surface 14]
resign power to
Cromwell—he is declared
Protector, (Dec. 16, 1653)
—Gen. Monk—adminis‑
trative wisdom of
Cromwell—his home
and foreign movements
successful—refuses
the title of king, offered
him by Parliament (1657)—
retains that of "Lord
Protector"—the great illustrious
name England had now
[illegible]gained upon the seas—
death of Blake,—(1657)
—death of Cromwell,
(Sept. 23d 1658,)—the
Richard Cromwell, his
son, is placed in
the Protectorship—his feebleness ^and withdrawal—
[begin surface 15]
—the Commonwealth
rapidly falls to pieces—
—Monk and Fairfax
agree to the restoration
of Charles 2—^—the occurrence of that
event, May 8, 1660—
—the inglorious marks
of the reign—the
disinterment and defilement
of the dead bodies of
Cromwell, Bradshaw,
Ireton, Dorislaus,
May, Pym, Blake,
and of Cromwell's mother
and of his daughter—
the ^beheading of Sir Henry Vane and, hanging of Covenanters,
(1661)—the king's secretly
selling himself to the
French, (Louis 14th)—the
Plague in London—the
triumphant contest between of the Dutch,
[begin surface 16]
under the Prince of
Orange against the
English and French—
—the general war, (1676)
in the Low Countries in
Spain, Sicily, the Upper
and Lower Rhine, in Sweden,
in the German Provinces,
in the Mediterranean, the
Ocean, and the Baltic sea
—Charles receivedal ^of large
subsidies from Louis 14th—
—treaty ^of Peace with the Dutch States
General——marriage of Prince of Orange
marries with Mary, —daughter of
the Duke of York, Charles's
brother,—the popish Titus Oates plot—
—the Catholic and Protestant
fury raging in the government—
the Duke of York's influence
strongly for the Catholics,
making him very unpopular
with the people—
[begin surface 17]
—the continued turmoil,
troubles, religious ^restlessness and fears
of the people—the
Commons passing a
bill ^(1679) (1680) to cut off the
Duke of York from
the Succession, —but
the king refuses to
sancti confirm it—
further supplies from
Louis 14th—the Commons
indignant against the
Duke of York and
the dan alarmed at
the pending danger from
Roman Catholic supremacy—
— ^—the Habeas Corpus act passed— the Rye House Plot—
the exposure, ^trial, and conviction of many
noblemen—the torture
applied—the Earl of
Bedford offering 100,000£.
to save his son's life—
—the public mind more
and more inflamed ^and feverish,— and suspicious—
[begin surface 18]
—the death of Charles
2d, (Feb. 6, 1685—James
2d in assumes power, now king,— (the ^previous Duke
of York,)—attends mass
in public—receives
money from Louis 14th—
Monmouth's rebellion
ass rebellion and
assumption of the
title of king—his
defeat and execution—
—several numerous executions for
heresy,— or rebellion,
or harboring religious
malcontents—some,
for those offences, sent
as sold as slaves to
the Wes American
planta the West Indies—
Elizabeth Gaunt, an aAnabaptist, burnt
at Tyrburn,—for religious
offences——
[begin surface 19]
—introduction of
—the Roman Catholic
forms introduced in
public—great public—the national
anger—the Prince of
Orange called by many invited
to come to England
and assume power—
his landing in England,
(Nov. 6, 1688,)—all the abandonment
of James, who and his withdrawal,
powerless to France,
(Dec. 25, '88)—the
reign of William
and Mary, (—the
attempt of James in
Ireland and of his adherents
in Scotland—William
soon eventually puts them both
down—a—the warlike years
the active
'90 '91 '92 and '93 '9[illegible] and '94—from '90 to '96 98—
^—the death of the queen—the active movements of William on
land and sea—
[begin surface 20]
(? in Literature)
—death of William,
(March 8, 1702—accession
of Queen Anne—the
Earl of Marlborough—
the war with Spain—
the peace——the ^complete
junction of Scotland and England
by the Act of Union,
(March 4, 1707,)—the
attempt of the Pretender
in Scotland—the
war with France—
Prince Eugene—Peace
with France, (1713)
—death of Queen
Anne, (Aug. 1, 1714)—
accession of George
1st——the feeble conspiracies some attempts
to for the restoration
of the Stuarts—
—the Pretender in Scotland,
with an army—his defeat
and flight—the Triple
[begin surface 21]
Alliance ^treaty between England,
France, and Holland,
(Dec. 1716,)—the
movements of Charles
12th of Sweden—the
king's continual visits
to his own country,
Hanover, Germany—
the South Sea Scheme—
Walpole in power—
Dean Swift—Death
of George 1st, (June 11,
1727,),—and accession
of George 2d—
Queen Caroline—the
king prefers being in
Hanover—Maria
Theresa in Germany—
—no remarkable
events to 1740—Frederick
the Great, in Prussia—
[begin surface 22]
—the invasion attempt of
"the young Pretender,"
(1743, '44, to '45 6) in Scotland—
—his defeat and flight—
^—death of Philip 5th of Spain
—^the spirit of trade and internal
int improvement begin
are thought of attended
encouraged by appears in Parliament,
and in its bills, (1750,)
^—political essays, newspapers,—"Constitutional Queries"—
—the "old styles" of dates
is abandoned, and the
Gregorian calendar
substituted—improvements
and inventions arise—
printing increases—
schools—War with
France, (1755,)—Admiral
Byng—(1758) various
military and naval operations in America—
[begin surface 23]
—(1759) events in Battle of Quebec,—
Wolfe killed,— the
English taking the
city—George 2d
suddenly dies,—
(Oct. 25, 1760,)—
accession of George
3d—British operations
in India—notwithstanding the wars that prevailed—trade commerce
advancing with rapidity
—the o ranks of
merchants, working
artisans, traders,
and mechanics,
becoming more and
more important—
the Press ^—arts, music, painting &c.——in the
F great subtle and
W witty French
writers, Voltaire, Rousseau,
Voltaire—the French
Academy— Encyclopedia —Francais—
[begin surface 24]
America rising ^taking place in
the ^political considerations
of Europe—Russia
appearing also—
William Pitt—
Lord Bute—the
peace of 1763—Great
Britain now in
general possession
of North America,—
as col—the
British national
debt, 148,000,000 £.—
—the first mutterings
of the American troubles
—the stamp act, (1765)
—contest of Wilkes
with the Court—Hyder
Ali's is rising in Asia—
—the contest between
[begin surface 25]
Wilkes and the Court
party—(1765, '70, '71,)—
—grea (tr). (the idea of
benevolent reforms dates
from these times—
many barbarous la
criminal laws are
repealed or modified)—
—the affairs of Poland
—that kingdom dismem‑
bered and divided among
Russia, Germany, ^and Prussia—
—the tea‑tariff,—for
America—the resistance
of Boston, (1774)—
Congress—Colonial
delegates appointed
chosen, and convene
in Philadelphia—the
emeutes of Concord, ^and Lexington,
the and battle of Bunker Hill,—(1775)
[begin surface 26]
—the union of the
Colonies,—no appearance
of retraction on the
part of the English
ministry—the session
of the Colonial Congress
in Philadelphia,—
—Jefferson, Adams,
Franklin, and the
rest—and finally the
drawing up and passing,
the on the 4th of July,
1776, the Declaration
of Independence, and
the outset of the
United States of
America as a nation
[begin surface 27]
(With reference to
territories, movements,
conflicts of jurisdiction,
and t affairs with the
aborigines, A the reader
must recollect that
at that that time, of course
^there existed none of the geographical
divisions now regularly
marked, as the lines of
the State of New York, &c.
New York New Netherlands,
and New York after it,
consisted of the tract
of Manhattan Island,
Staten and Long Islands,
the adjacent shore, (now
^of New Jersey,) and certain
tracts up the Hudson, to
Albany.—
[begin surface 28]
1643
March
—The Indian war
with the aboriginal
tribes, much blood
shed—quite serious—
(under Kieft's governorship,)
—this war raged seriously on Long Island)
the boweries, (farms)
☝ This War (1643–'4) was
a serious one, and
raged much of the
scene of it being
Long Island, and even
in Brooklyn.— The
colonists were in great
jeopardy, many of their
boweries (farms) were
dest destroyed, and men
and women forced to
flee to Fort Amsterdam
for protection.—
[begin surface 29]
1664
By the terms of
Stuyvesant's capitulation
the free trade to
Holland was secured,
the Dutch Reformed
Religion war not
to be infringed upon
in any way, and the
Dutch law of inheritance
was maintained, giving an
equal inheritance to all
the children.
1664 at this time Brooklyn
was an ample collection
of Boweries, (farms,)
with the nucleus of
houses, hostelries, stores,
&c. ^near the ferry, and on on the street
leading down to it.—
Some Many of the ho
farm‑houses were ^of brick,
large and comfortable,
and covered with tiles
brought from Holland.—
[begin surface 30]
Between Virginia and
the New Netherlands an
amicable feeling always
existed.—
1664
A Royal Charter, under
Charles 2d conveyed donated
a great extent of
territory (named New
York, in honor of
the donee,) to James,
Duke of York,
afterwards James 2d.—
(For the English had always
claimed, (as see back on other
slip)
James also purchased
the all up all prior
grants, especially
that of Lord Sterling
to Long Island,)
1666
Aug. James dispatched three ships,
with six hundred soldiers, which,
after stopping in Massachusetts, and receiving a
cold reception, proceeded to Manhattan.—
[begin surface 31]
Characters Persons that have trod
the soil of Brooklyn
- Penn (1682) (founder? of quakers)
- Washington
- Lafayette
1683
Of the ten counties
^constituting the colony province under the first
Dougan's charter Sloughter (1691)
(1683) Long Island
formed three.—
Printing "Press" paragraph
During Under the Dutch and early
English Governors there
was no printing,—
the English authority
expressly prohibiting it
as calculated to stir
up the people, and endanger jeopardize
the established rulers
[begin surface 32]
1630—70—80—&c
Missionaries went among
the aborigines, to instruct
them, and make them
religious.—
[begin surface 33]
"Press" x article
—James 2d, (him whom
the name of the city
of New York ^still commemorates,)
in his instructions to
the Royal Governors,
introdu (1685–'89) specially commanded
them to prohibit
the prevent the
introduction of printing
presses, and the
establishment of newspapers
in their the colonies.— This
was ^equally the sentiment ^wish
of ^William and Mary, and of other of the
monarchs after
him them.—.—
[begin surface 34]
"Press"
—In the One clause
in the Royal instructions
provisions for the government
of the Province of New
Jersey, (1702) was that
no printing press, nor
the printing of any book or
pamphlet was to be
allowed, without the a
special license from
the king's Governor
[begin surface 35]
(among "Picture of Life" &c
Pirates, Buccaniers, and
privateersmen were not
wanting among the
visitors to these parts
parts—and even pirates,
prop under thin disguise,
came here—to buy sell and
sell buy.—.— All tThese spent
their money freely,— and
the times were indulgent
toward their kind of life;
great ^European princes were
in the same line, on
a larger scale.— The
seas were at times
infested with these
rovers;; but ^though, to do them their weaponry justice, most of
them robbed without
bloodshed.— In New York,
Capt. Kidd ^(1700) was well known, and
not unpopular
[begin surface 36]
Of the those jealous contests
and fears of other usurping parties,
making settlements, it is
now clear that the
true policy to have been
pursued ^by each settlement was not to
have helped and supported
every other settlement,
English, Dutch, Swedish,
French, or what not—;
for that would have
contributed to the general
future prosperity of all
of any of the rest—and
there was oceans of
room for all.—These Those
Of the Bickerings and ^little a fights that greatly retarded the
growth of the colonies—
tr up
[begin surface 37]
For the first ^forty or fifty years
of the colony's existence,
Brooklyn was its most
important portion.—part— tT
southern island of
Manhattan was ^mostly sterile,
and had a merely served for
the a rude fort on its southern point and
a few trade‑huts.—
on its near by.— under
their protection.— It
was the place of
business only
[begin surface 38]
The Revolution grew
out of the determination of
the Colonies not to submit
1633 Walter Van Twiller, (appointed
Governor in place of Minuits)
brought out from Holland
an hundred and four
soldiers, a schoolmaster,
and a clergyman—All
this time, however, and
for some year the
principal thought of
those who had control
of affairs was not
settlement for good,
but trade and gain.—
The exports from the
colony Fort Amsterdam,
for the year, amounted
to $57,000
[begin surface 39]
See page 16—(vol 2) Appendix
[begin surface 40]
Co‑equal The Dutch
element in America clustering around Brooklyn, where it first
definitely rooted began, and ^it first struck its roots in the
soil of the New World,
is co‑equal with the two
elements of the Plymouth
Puritan and the
Virginia Cavalier, and
in several important
points respects the first Dutch member ^ first‑named takes
precedence of the
other two.—It is now
to be seen in
[begin surface 41]
^To‑day and henceforth in the
United States, The results of it
are ^first as strong in their
character, their politics,
and their personnel, of
the present day a[illegible]s
as the results of the
other two; though ^but, for certain reasons, they
are the Dutch is of a kind, to
make far less likely, for certain
reasons, to celebrate
themselves itself less in speeches
and in literature.—
[begin surface 42]
The non‑protection by law of
French Protestants, through—The revocation of the
Edict of Nantes, (1685,)
which and the non‑protection
of Fre sent numerous
emigrants to America,
to New York among the
rest &—many settling on
Long Island.—
[begin surface 43]
—and needed not the
support consent of a
wavering and ignorant
multitude."—
The West India Company
was largely concerned in
the slave trade, and
at various times, (1610–'608)
African slaves were
imported in larger or
smaller lots into
Breukelyn and the
other portions of the
colony.— These slaves,
however, mostly belonged
to the West India Company;
and it is certain there
was, from the first,
a number of the
inhabitants immigrants, both
from Holland and England, who
looked with sternness and
disfavor on the traffic.—
[begin surface 44]
The American Revolution
ante‑dates through the
whole range of the
first half or three‑quarters
of a century that preceded
it—the affair of
Leisler ^(1691)—the ^printer of the "Weekly
Journal," (1735)—the
trial of its printer,
John Peter Zenger—
the celebrated speech ^upon that occasion
of the aged ^and eloquent Hamilton,
promulging among the
people of the province,
in the most an open and a determined
manner, the most
[begin surface 45]
radical doctrines of
popular right, and
the freedom of the
press, and all the
mainn reservations ^(never old, never new,) of
individual freedom,
against the invasions
of the crown, unscrupulous power, or its
deputies—these
were so much
nutriment and so
much light to
prepare the way for
the rebellion of '76.—
It is a fact, also, that
from the year 1700
onward, the party substantitial
party which which, gave
[begin surface 46]
birth to, ^after giving birth to it, ^first embodied, con‑
tinued on, and has
handed down to this
day, that a a firm and
coherent theory of
equa radical democratic
government which is ou at last
the ^national characteristic of
the United States, had
its existence in New
York.—only;; and that,
while individual
specimens of prominent
talent, on that side,
appeared at various times,
especially about the era of
the Revolution, a substanctial
conscientious Democratic Party,
arising arising as before said, about
the year 1700 and bequeathing
[begin surface 47]
the keeping of up the its watch‑
fires year after year,
through good fortune and
bad fortune, for the
best part of a century,
is not found to be found
any where in the
cColonies except here
in New York.—
[begin surface 48]
- John Bunyan—1628–'88
- Swedenbor
ghg—1688–1772
- Montaigne—1533–1592
- (See Le. Herrig's volume)
- also "German Literature"
In running list of events
do not forget the
France under the
reign of Louis 13th,
^Anne of Austria Louis, 14th and ^Louis 15th
(see Arsene Houssage)