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Camden PM1
Sept: 11 '90
Continue all the same—ab't as well as usual—have had the Dr Holmes2 article—(points small, treatment small)—Horace3 is still on his N E Magazine article4—I enclose
Sarrazin's5 note6 f'm New
Caladonia (where is that?)—also my Eng: friend7 Wallace's8—am eating peaches—John Burroughs9 sends me a nice basket of 'em—Mrs: Davis10 jaunts off to Kansas this afternoon,11 to be gone two weeks, I
believe—am at my 2d annex12 in fits & very
leisurely—well the (combined robbers') tariff bill13 here is half pass'd &
likely to whole pass (—"go on your way" says the
fellow if you think there's no hell")14—cloudy &
wet & cooler here.
Walt Whitman
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Correspondent:
Richard Maurice Bucke (1837–1902) was a
Canadian physician and psychiatrist who grew close to Whitman after reading Leaves of Grass in 1867 (and later memorizing it) and
meeting the poet in Camden a decade later. Even before meeting Whitman, Bucke
claimed in 1872 that a reading of Leaves of Grass led him
to experience "cosmic consciousness" and an overwhelming sense of epiphany.
Bucke became the poet's first biographer with Walt
Whitman (Philadelphia: David McKay, 1883), and he later served as one
of his medical advisors and literary executors. For more on the relationship of
Bucke and Whitman, see Howard Nelson, "Bucke, Richard Maurice," Walt Whitman: An
Encyclopedia, ed. J.R. LeMaster and Donald D. Kummings (New York:
Garland Publishing, 1998).
Notes
- 1. This letter is addressed:: Dr Bucke |
Asylum | London | Ontario | Canada. It is postmarked: Camden, N.J. | Sep 11 | 8
PM | 90; Philadelphia ? | ? | 11 | 7 PM | 1890 | Transit; Buffalo, N.Y. | Sep |
12 | 3PM | 1890 | Transit; London | PM | SP 13 | 90 | Canada. [back]
- 2. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.
(1809–1894) was a Bostonian author, physician, and lecturer. One of the
Fireside Poets, he was a good friend of Ralph Waldo Emerson as well as John
Burroughs. Holmes remained ambivalent about Whitman's poetry. He married Amelia
Lee Jackson in 1840 and they had three children, including the later Supreme
Court judge Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. For more information, see Julie A.
Rechel-White, "Holmes, Oliver Wendell (1809–1894)," (Walt
Whitman: An Encyclopedia, eds. J.R. LeMaster and Donald D. Kummings
[New York: Garland Publishing, 1998], 280). [back]
- 3. Horace L. Traubel (1858–1919)
was an American essayist, poet, and magazine publisher. He is best remembered as
the literary executor, biographer, and self-fashioned "spirit child" of Walt
Whitman. During the late 1880s and until Whitman's death in 1892, Traubel visited
the poet virtually every day and took thorough notes of their conversations,
which he later transcribed and published in three large volumes entitled With Walt Whitman in Camden (1906, 1908, & 1914).
After his death, Traubel left behind enough manuscripts for six more volumes of
the series, the final two of which were published in 1996. For more on Traubel,
see Ed Folsom, "Traubel, Horace L. [1858–1919]," Walt
Whitman: An Encyclopedia, ed. J.R. LeMaster and Donald D. Kummings (New
York: Garland Publishing, 1998). [back]
- 4. Horace Traubel's article,
"Walt Whitman at Date," was published in the May 1891 issue of the New England Magazine 4.3 (May 1891), 275–292. The
article is also reprinted in the first appendix of the eighth volume of
Traubel's With Walt Whitman in Camden. [back]
- 5. Gabriel Sarrazin (1853–1935)
was a translator and poet from France who commented positively not only on
Whitman's work but also on Poe's. Whitman later corresponded with Sarrazin and
apparently liked the critic's work on Leaves of
Grass—Whitman even had Sarrazin's chapter on his book translated
twice. For more on Sarrazin, see Carmine Sarracino, "Sarrazin, Gabriel (1853–1935)," Walt Whitman:
An Encyclopedia, ed. J.R. LeMaster and Donald D. Kummings (New York:
Garland Publishing, 1998). [back]
- 6. See Sarrazin's letter of
July 3, 1890. [back]
- 7. James William Wallace
(1853–1926), of Bolton, England, was an architect and great admirer of
Whitman. Wallace, along with Dr. John Johnston (1852–1927), a physician in
Bolton, founded the "Bolton College" of English admirers of the poet. Johnston
and Wallace corresponded with Whitman and with Horace Traubel and other members
of the Whitman circle in the United States, and they separately visited the poet
and published memoirs of their trips in John Johnston and James William Wallace,
Visits to Walt Whitman in 1890–1891 by Two
Lancashire Friends (London: Allen and Unwin, 1917). For more
information on Wallace, see Larry D. Griffin, "Wallace, James William (1853–1926)," Walt
Whitman: An Encyclopedia, ed. J.R. LeMaster and Donald D. Kummings (New
York: Garland Publishing, 1998). [back]
- 8. See Wallace's letter to
Whitman of August 28, 1890. [back]
- 9. The naturalist John Burroughs
(1837–1921) met Whitman on the streets of Washington, D.C., in 1864. After
returning to Brooklyn in 1864, Whitman commenced what was to become a decades-long
correspondence with Burroughs. Burroughs was magnetically drawn to Whitman.
However, the correspondence between the two men is, as Burroughs acknowledged,
curiously "matter-of-fact." Burroughs would write several books involving or
devoted to Whitman's work: Notes on Walt Whitman, as Poet and
Person (1867), Birds and Poets (1877), Whitman, A Study (1896), and Accepting
the Universe (1924). For more on Whitman's relationship with Burroughs,
see Carmine Sarracino, "Burroughs, John [1837–1921] and Ursula [1836–1917]," Walt Whitman: An Encyclopedia, ed. J.R. LeMaster and
Donald D. Kummings (New York: Garland Publishing, 1998). [back]
- 10. Mary Oakes Davis (1837 or
1838–1908) was Whitman's housekeeper. For more, see Carol J. Singley,
"Davis, Mary Oakes (1837 or 1838–1908)," Walt
Whitman: An Encyclopedia, ed. J.R. LeMaster and Donald D. Kummings (New
York: Garland Publishing, 1998). [back]
- 11. Mrs. Davis was going to
visit relatives in Kansas. [back]
- 12. Whitman's book Good-Bye My Fancy (1891) was his last miscellany, and it
included both poetry and short prose works commenting on poetry, aging, and
death, among other topics. Thirty-one poems from the book were later printed as
"Good-Bye my Fancy" in Leaves of Grass
(1891–1892), the last edition of Leaves of Grass
published before Whitman's death in March 1892. For more information see, Donald
Barlow Stauffer, "'Good-Bye my Fancy' (Second Annex) (1891)," Walt
Whitman: An Encyclopedia, ed. J.R. LeMaster and Donald D. Kummings (New
York: Garland Publishing, 1998). [back]
- 13. The Tariff Act of 1890 was
passed into law on October 1, 1890, increasing duties across all imports. [back]
- 14. According to the New York
Tribune the tariff bill was passed by the United
States Senate strictly on party lines, with Whitman's Republicans supporting a
position which he considered intolerable. [back]