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Whitman's activi ties as a nurse during the Civil War were described as an apostolate.

Whitman was a rough-hewn giant, but it seems that as a nurse to the sick who were closest to death, he

At the end of the war, it is said, he must have nursed with his own hands more than 100,000 sick and

6os, just after thLeaves had ap peared, he spent the Civil War on the battlefield and worked as a nurse

Walt came to the field hospital and tookpart in the war as nurse or actually more as comforter and, he

Let him who can do so shroud the eyes of the nursing babe lest it should see its mother's breast. . .

I called the doctor's atttention to him, shook up the nurses, had him bathed in spirits, gave him lumps

On the way back, he stopped at Sterling, Kansas, to visit a Civil War veteran whom he had nursed in a

His friends came to his aid and furnished the services of a male nurse so that, after a fashion, he was

His first nurse was a medical student, Eddie Wilkins; he was succeeded by Frank Warren Fritzinger, a

On Whitman’s years in Washington and his role as a “nurse,” see, for example, Peter Coviello’s introduction

His three years nursing in the Washington hospitals were surely heroic in humanitarian terms.

Not to be omitted are Whitman's accounts of his days spent nursing the wounded and dying Civil War soldiers

He stayed in Washington during and after the Civil War, serving first as a volunteer nurse in the hospitals

this job enabled Whitman to write his poetry and, at the same time, perform his ministrations as a nurse

aged black woman is “hardly human” and is desexualized like other aged black women he approved of as nurses

definite plans at that time, or for long afterwards; but attention to the Brooklyn friends led to nursing

(ww, 35) Bucke’s account depicts a family crisis as instigating Whitman’s wartime nursing.

Burroughs’s account of Whitman’s Civil War nursing is even more extravagant.

247, 249 movement, 307; and Calhoun, Civil War, 261, 364 76; and democracy, 42–46; and Civil War nursing

thesearticlessupportedasocialist-humanitarianand pacifistreadingofWhitman,andtheyshowedacontinuingadmirationfor the poet’s nursing

Reefy, "[l]ike Walt Whitman," was a nurse in the Civil War (330).

lastbreathsothattheirdeadwillcontinuetobehuman—notjustchunksofmeat, but bodies that are cherished, nursed

Journal on two cassettes (Audio Scholar), a spoken word Whitman autobiography describing his life as nurse

journalist, and, most significantly, as onewho had seen so much of the misery of the war while serving as a nurse

Mr.Gilder’s request I write to ask if you would not write us a short, comprehensive paper on Hospital Nursing

served as matron of Sing Sing prison for four years (1844–1848), worked at the Perkins Institution, nursed

Later, on a day trip with Douglas, Paschal, her son, and the slave Sophy who was his nurse, Douglas presented

of the American people—in a Massachusetts soldier returning from Andersonville, in an Armory Square nurse

Robert LeighDavisCivil War NursingCivil War NursingMilitary nursing in 1861 was a brutal and haphazard

women for an army nursing corps.

Ordered to Care: The Dilemma of American Nursing, 1850-1945. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1987. 

"The War Within a War: Women Nurses in the Union Army." Civil War History 18 (1972): 197-212. 

Civil War Nursing

shorter poems in the "Sea-Drift" section of Leaves of Grass, the sea is personified as an old mother or nurse

Whitman on the Camden wharf with Warren Fritzinger, who was his nurse and companion during the last three

where for the next ten years (punctuated by trips back to Brooklyn) he lived and worked as volunteer nurse

heregardedfarmersin the rural areas and workers in the coal pits, respectively, as the nurses of humanity

the planter's son returning after a long absence, joyfullywelcomed and kissed by the aged mulatto nurse

Miss But ton [Whitman's next-door neighbor] told an anecdote ofWhitman, when an army nurse in Washington

identity, from the young New York reporter/flâneur to the working class rough to the careworn Civil War nurse

in hospitals becoming words, occasionally literally stained by the blood of the young men he was nursing

the years after the war, many successful reminiscences of Civil War hospitals, written mostly by nurses

aware that there was a market for such books, but his, of course, would be something different from a nursing

Whitman discovers a way to give eternal meaning to that slaughter of young men, many of whom he had nursed

forlorn Whitman, one reduced to a few short lines written at brief intervals as he continues his labors nursing

Claiming that he is "more than nurse," "more than parent or neighbor," Whitman approaches the reader,

nature of physical existence, a theme he was about to experience in all of its loathsome reality as he nursed

There are two good women nurses, one on each side.

One of the nurses constantly fanshim,foritisfearfullyhot.Heaskstoberais’dup,andtheyputhiminahalf- sitting

Warren Fritzinger, WW’s male nurse. 2.

butwithnormalmentalityandgoodright-armpower.Heyetlivesinhiscottage,withhousekeeper 108 T H E C O L L E C T E D W R I T I N G S O F WA L T W H I T M A N and nurse

the violet: / Humility is the fair-haired maid, that calleth Worth her brother, / the gentle silent nurse

He boasted to one of his younger correspondents, a soldier he had nursed during the war years, that he

In the conservatives’ most extreme warnings, the benighted citizen nurses his parochial and selfish hatreds

He then goes on to show-and emphasize-how Whitman entered the Civil War as a volunteerand a nurse.

The image of Whitman as nurse and wound-dresser who, through his mere presence, helped wounded soldiers

The nursing myth has been carried to its greatest extreme: at sundown Whitman was crying(!)

essence pacifist war W HITM AN ON THE RIGHT poetry (supported biographicallythrough his work as a nurse

Whitman's much-praised efforts in nursing wounded soldiers were denounced as the lecherous pursuits ofa

The biographer Paul Zweig sees in Whitman's ability to touch and comfort soldiers—Whitman nursed and

perceptively points out that prior to the cataclysm of the Civil War and Whitman's active involvement in nursing

for the poet the dominating metaphor for the war is a hospital, filled with injured men who must be nursed

Its narrator takes on the role of nurse, attendant to the sufferings of injured soldiers.

was introduced in the Congress to give Whitman a twenty-five-dollar a month pension for his work nursing

writes publicly acceptable poems of American patriotism so dear to the father's heart, Whitman the male nurse

in Whitman's life and work, foremost among them the continued failure of his book, his Civil War nursing

Immediately after, he moved to Washington, where he took on the role of a volunteer day nurse, visiting

The speaker then describes “The women volunteering for nurses—the work begun for, in earnest—no mere

So for the next three years, he volunteered his services as a nurse, swapping out ban dages, comforting

time-space oftherecruitmentpoems(“Drum-Taps,”“FirstOSongsforaPrelude”) and in thevivid memories ofaged nurses

in the structure of historical time, we gaze at the stars.Or wewait, or we march.Or we see Whitman nursing

The two men met early in 1863 while Whitman was nursing Sawyer's friend Lewy Brown, and soon Whitman

Nurses are kept in attendance from this time to his death.

The first of Whitman's male nurses is employed, Nathan M. Baker.

Edward Wilkins becomes Whitman's nurse (nN, 2:476).

Whitman's first nurse, Nathan Baker, graduates from medical school, and Dr.

A hired nurse, Elizabeth L. Keller, begins taking care of Whitman. 1892 1 JANUARY.

Joann P.KriegFritzinger, Frederick Warren (1866–1899)Fritzinger, Frederick Warren (1866–1899)Whitman's nurse

Marsh finds redemption for his guilty soul by nursing cholera victims in the "dirtiest and wretchedest

was writing the piece, Adams says, his father was dying of Alzheimer's disease and his mother was nursing

Once again, as in the Adams work, Whitman's role as nurse is exploited.

Baker, Whitman's nurse for two years and a witness to Whitman's will of 29 June 1888.

Indeed, it is difficult to imagine the war nurse who moved to Washington and threw himself into his work

When in 1888 Bucke thought that Whitman, an invalid in New Jersey, needed a new nurse, he sent down a

Whitman did like "Ed," so much that when someone re ferred to him as Whitman's nurse, Whitman corrected

the refer ence to read "Whitman's Canadian friend and nurse."

whowritespubliclyacceptable poems ofAmeri can patriotism so dear to the father's heart, Whitman the male nurse

in Whitman's life and work, foremost among them the con tinued failure of his book, his Civil War nursing

war poems.The text evokes a small, wartime scene of the sort which Whitman, in his capacity as a nurse's

Although he was nei ther doctor nor nurse, he took care of needs beyond the reach of medicine, and he

called the doctor's attention to him, shook up the nurses, had him bathed in spirits, gave him lumps

Doyle and Eldridge alternated as nurses, attending him day and night.

Davis could provide, there was a procession of male companions or nurses.

Baker, after serving briefly as one of Whitman's nurses, left to complete a medical degree. 66.

alone in the wilds, a marriage that is consummated in a hostile environment, and the lonely I who nurses

as it would have remained otherwise. . . . the physiological Leaves of Grass-the Leaves of Grass nursed

swallowing soul" is metonymic rather than metaphoric, related to our first "experiential knowledge" of nursing

Whitman might have spent the remainder of his days in the Federal District.Drawn initially to D.C. to nurse

Walt Whitman's war ministry in the capital's hospitals followed upon his nursing of brother George on