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who after two years in New York (1844–1846) became the first woman foreign correspondent for an American

readers of the Tribune.Greeley published three of Whitman's poems in the Tribune in 1850, all of which were

Signed "Paumanok," as were other articles and poems written during this time, "Blood-Money" described

Walt Whitman and the American Reader. New York: Cambridge UP, 1990.Kaplan, Justin.

American Journalism: A History of the Newspapers in the United States Through 250 Years: 1690–1940.

His first publication in the paper was a poem, "The Errand Bearers," 27 June 1860, honoring a Japanese

Most of these articles were reprinted in Memoranda During the War (1875–1876), Specimen Days (1882),

His last entries in the New York Times were anonymous ones written in his old age: "The Good Gray Poet

, the Dispatch claimed to have the "largest local circulation of the daily or weekly press of this City

it may have appeared in either the December 2 or December 9 issue of the Dispatch , if these issues were

Williamson and William Burns were arrested sometime before December 11, 1849 as part of a libel suit

It is almost impossible to calculate the number of papers that are printed in the city of New York.

In the nineteenth century it was one of the most influential papers in New York City, and one of the

His fame will endure as long as Americans retain a love for the beauty of sentiment or delicacy of style

The American A semi-weekly newspaper, the American (or the New York American ) was quite likely an anti-immigration

No man who reads the American can fail to form an opinion that its editor is a man of violent prejudices

In the nineteenth century it was one of the most influential papers in New York City, and one of the

New York Commercial Advertiser was founded by lexicographer and author Noah Webster in 1793 as the American

papers, and would later become a respected writer in his own right.; A semi-weekly newspaper, the American

(or the New York American) was quite likely an anti-immigration, nativist paper, possibly associated

lay, but also in obtaining the earliest foreign news from incoming vessels" (Frank Luther Mott, American

.; See "Whitman's Journalism" for "City Photographs.

The three articles included here were published as a series entitled “Letters from Paumanok," over the

Its first editor was William Coleman, who served until 1829, when the reins were passed to William Cullen

The New York Disturbances The New York Disturbances The disturbances around the City Hall have ceased

The Mayor is apparently master of the situation; the City Hall is still garrisoned by his retainers;

Fourth—that a city is independent of the State in which it forms a part; that the Mayor of the city is

the superior in the city of the Governor of the State; and that the antiquated colonial charters of

the city cannot be repealed by Legislative enactment.

The New York City School Commissioners THE NEW YORK SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS.

However plausible these intimations might appear to those who were aware of the real character of half

The people of that city are so accustomed to be swindled, bamboozled, browbeaten and disgraced by their

Not to mention our own city, and the body of dignified, high-toned and conscientious gentlemen who compose

our own Board, we doubt if there be any town, city or village in existence where such a weighty interest

WynnThomasNew York CityNew York City"This is the city," wrote Whitman, "and I am one of the citizens"

The Spectator and the City in Nineteenth-Century American Literature.

Unreal Cities. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1990. Spann, E.K.

"Whitman's Tale of Two Cities." American Literary History 6 (1994): 633-657. Versluys, Kristiaan.

The Poet in the City. Tubingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 1987.  New York City

1841), where he played a bemused urban observer of doings in the countryside, proved untenable in the city

Whitman's arrival at the Aurora coincided with Charles Dickens' visit to New York City in 1842.

the debate over the bill to pry Irish Catholic support away from the Democratic Party in New York City

Protestant-inflected curriculum of the Public School Society, led the fight for the Maclay Bill in the city

influential journalists like James Gordon Bennett and Horace Greeley, competing for readers in the city

leading educator, Horace Mann—had proposed granting funding authority to elected instead of appointed city

-1980s have recognized more similarities between Whitman's Aurora writing and Leaves of Grass than were

about the full house in attendance: only "a few beautiful maids" and too many "blue stocking" women were

Walt Whitman and the American Reader. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990.Reynolds, David S.

race—flowing onward to be but an element of a greater and stronger composite race still, namely, the American

salads, things fried in grease, and all the vast array of confections, creams, pies, jellies, &c., were

If one were to set out investigating the matter, it would probably be found that these victims exist

Some of the members of these classes (we were going to say all of them,) are subject to terrible fits

Further than this, the middle ranks of society, the sturdy body of American workingmen, even the young

.); Our transcription is based on a digital image of an original issue held at the American Antiquarian

of contests for physical superiority were common.

Nor are we afraid of the Americans being too combative.

At the time of this installment's publication, the editors of the Atlas were Herrick and A. G.

Many Tartar (or Mongol) horsemen were mounted archers, circa the thirteenth century.

In the same train of thought, we would remark that the "sporting men" of our American cities afford quite

Whitman's poetry, see an anonymous review of Leaves of Grass in Southern Field and Fireside (June 9, 1860

Training," though it is unclear whether he ever completed or sent it.; The founding editors of the Atlas were

At the time of this installment's publication, the editors of the Atlas were Herrick and A. G.

Seaman.; Many Tartar (or Mongol) horsemen were mounted archers, circa the thirteenth century.; New York

TO BE CONTINUED.]; Our transcription is based on a digital image of an original issue held at the American

We dwell upon this point a little, because, of our city readers there are but few young men who, with

last-mentioned item, that we feel disposed to include most of that large class of young men in our cities

banes, and the ill health of masses, as before alluded to, has still more antidotes, if the choice were

For American children it would be a great improvement if the food were more simple and digestible, instead

We say, encourage American youth to develope develop and increase their physical beauty.

.; Our transcription is based on a digital image of an original issue held at the American Antiquarian

seems, in modern life, to be under the curse of an insane appetite, especially among the youth of cities

We say this state of things is throwing a bad ingredient in the stock of the population of our cities

There is no doubt, as things now are, among the young men of modern civilized life, in cities, that a

, and of all great cities, a sure and increasing amount of the tainted blood of prostitution, morbid,

In fact, three more installments of the series were published.

Eleventh of Poland, is lifted, much of it verbatim, from an article on "Muscular strength" in the American

thousand hours.; This sentence is also taken from the same article on "Muscular strength" in the American

, no.6 (June 1846): 194–195.; [CONCLUDED NEXT WEEK.]In fact, three more installments of the series were

published.; In fact, three more installments of the series were published.; Our transcription is based

on a digital image of an original issue held at the American Antiquarian Society.

What man, among the masses who, in their various occupations, toil for their living, in city or country

Merchants, lawyers, professional people, politicians, &c., (and perhaps the American people generally

Many of those who dash about, city and country, with an artificial glow, kept up by the excitement of

Probably one-fourth of the whole population of the world dies of consumption, or of diseases that have

THE GREAT AMERICAN EVIL—INDIGESTION.

consumption," or tuberculosis, was responsible annually for roughly one in every 500 deaths in New York City

.; Our transcription is based on a digital image of an original issue held at the American Antiquarian

civilized world, far less hardy and sound, less perfect as specimens of noble physique, than they were

not the necessary result; but that, in easy accord with modern forms, with factories, the life of cities

STRENGTH OF FUTURE AMERICANS.

The ancient athletes, however, were allowed nothing but water, or a sort of thick and sweet wine.

Those others were as vexations vexatious dreams—and now the awakening. How happily pass the days!

Jean Bihin (1805–1873) is described very similarly in an article on "Hereditary Descent" in the American

parentheticals throughout.; Our transcription is based on a digital image of an original issue held at the American

(also the use of tobacco,) that causes the imbibing of immense quantities of liquids used by our American

In our cities, in all the main streets there is a drug-store to be seen every two or three blocks—and

For it is quite oceanic—this dosing, and drugging, and physicing of the great American people!

The devil, (says the same author,) if you were to ask him, might tell you that the beautiful consists

They are not for live, robust American men—and especially not for our youth.

.; Our transcription is based on a digital image of an original issue held at the American Antiquarian

The young men of Athens, and other Greek cities, were trained in their bodily, mental, and moral developments

cities.

Nor were they, for all these rough exercises, a brutal or bloody-minded race; but, on the contrary, were

There were also songs, dances, and musical instruments.

They were also invariably held in the open air.

Two years later, it will appear for the first time in Leaves of Grass (1860 edition), in "Proto-Leaf,

Silver's "Whitman in 1850: Three Uncollected Articles," in American Literature 19, no. 4 (1948): 301—

, 1984), 6:2233.; Our transcription is based on a digital image of an original issue held at the American

We dwell upon this the more, because we notice that too many of the tendencies of American city life

diplomat, politician, and scientist; and Noah Webster (1758–1843) an American lexicographer.

CITY LIFE.

And why could we not have a good atmosphere in the city?

During the fall, winter and spring, most of our cities are as healthy as any country place.

York: New York University Press, 1984), 6: 2259, hereafter abbreviated as NUPM: "Since these articles were

the American race"; Other than minor variations of spelling and word inversions, Whitman takes this passage

Walter Scott (1771–1832) was a popular Scottish novelist and poet, Daniel Webster (1782–1852) an American

and scientist; William Harvey (1578–1657) an English anatomist; Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) an American

diplomat, politician, and scientist; and Noah Webster (1758–1843) an American lexicographer.

Once in motion, an exciting struggle commenced, in which the greatest strength, skill and activity were

—We wish this graceful and ancient game were more common.

In former ages, before the invention of gunpowder, when missiles were used in warfare, the lessons of

this game were in vogue to give adroitness and precision in throwing objects with the arm.

Most of our American cities have grounds where it is regularly played.

matches draft writings found in Whitman's manuscripts, written on the backs of tax forms from the city

See Finkel's "Sources of Walt Whitman's Manuscript Notes on Physique," American Literature 22, no.3 (

See Simms' "Weems, the Biograher and Historian," in Views and Reviews in American Literature: History

least a century.; Our transcription is based on a digital image of an original issue held at the American

Indeed, it is probable that, of three-fourths of the young and middle-aged men, not only in this city

Gratified indeed should we be if we thought these hints were the means of arresting the attention of

this younger part of the American people, and recalling them to a sense of that, which, once having it

See Finkel's "Sources of Walt Whitman's Manuscript Notes on Physique," American Literature 22, no. 3

If in the city, even there you will find ample sources of amusement and interest in its myriad varieties

longstanding concerns in Whitman’s poetry, often in their connection to the wellbeing of what he calls the "American

See Finkel's "Sources of Walt Whitman's Manuscript Notes on Physique," American Literature 22, no. 3

New York Atlas.; Our transcription is based on a digital image of an original issue held at the American

books are studied, with all their formidable arrays of technical terms, (and technical nonsense we were

How many young men there are in New York, and all our great American cities, who, just for a transient

primitive statement of the matter,) always so much latent possibility of disease in a man's body—as it were

woods or rivers—for we think you can attain all the desired results without leaving your home in the city

There are thousands of young men now in New York, and in all American cities, who go on year after year

.); Our transcription is based on a digital image of an original issue held at the American Antiquarian

City .

Whitman copies nearly word-for-word from "Recorded Ages attained by Man," an article in the American

Hannah Gough, who died in New York city in 1846, at the age of 110 years.

This case is interesting, as one of not a few that prove the city capable of conferring life as well

This paragraph originates in A Year in Spain , by "A Young American," 2 vols.

Whitman copies nearly word-for-word from "Recorded Ages attained by Man," an article in the American

Whitman reproduces nearly verbatim from an article in the American Phrenological Journal and Miscellany

beginning with "In cold climates . . .") are taken verbatim from an article on "Great Age" in the American

indication that he was a vegetarian.; This paragraph originates in A Year in Spain, by "A Young American

TO BE CONTINUED.); Our transcription is based on a digital image of an original issue held at the American

Those who left the city.

call them both unwise and unhappy—speaking generally, for these were exceptions. 4.

, and the second from 1860 to 1862.

an independent city state.

Out into the street again; up and down the city.

and depicted the triumphant moment on November 25, 1783, when Washington and his army reentered the city

It was installed on June 5, 1856, and formally given to the city of New York on July 4.

, served two non-consecutive terms from 1855 to 1857, and the second from 1860 to 1862.

an independent city state.

Barnum's American Museum, which opened in 1842 and continued to operate until its destruction from fire

New Year’s Day NEW YEAR'S DAY Was celebrated about as formerly—callers being numerous and those who were

years past have been wont to extend a gushing hospitality on the occasion of the birth of a new year, were

us of “some banquet hall deserted,” while others who could not quite forego a time-honored custom, were

No less than 40 arrests were made during the day in the 6th police precinct, and Justice Feeks was busy

all day hearing charges, granting documents, and inflicting punishments; he netted for the city about

Advertised as a temperance novel "By a Popular American Author," issued as an "extra" of The New World

A History of American Magazines, 1741-1850.

Breaking Bounds: Whitman and American Cultural Studies. Ed. Betsy Erkkila and Jay Grossman.

The only American prophet to my knowledge who enjoys a fame in England not accorded him in his own country

singer he especially desired to be called, it can hardly be said that his claims to the rank of poet were

The bank notes were of course found to be worthless—all of them being on broken banks.

men, it appears, hunt in couples, and have succeeded in victimizing not a few store-keepers in this city

valued them for the "barbaric yawp," which seems to them the note of a new, vigorous, democratic, American

Rham, Loudon, Low, and Youatt, and the most eminent American authors. Edited by D. P. Gardner, M.

Edwards Lester, Charles Edwards Lester (1815–1890) was an American writer, statesman and diplomat.

The book's full title was The Artists of America: A Series of Biographical Sketches of American Artists

intent was graphically reinforced on the title page, where the letters of 'America' in the book's title were

sketch of Washington Allston, Washington Allston (1779–1843), painter, poet and a leading figure in American

.; Charles Edwards Lester (1815–1890) was an American writer, statesman and diplomat.

The book's full title was The Artists of America: A Series of Biographical Sketches of American Artists

intent was graphically reinforced on the title page, where the letters of 'America' in the book's title were

Charles Burt (c.1823–1892).; Washington Allston (1779–1843), painter, poet and a leading figure in American

In this role West served as a prominent mentor and advisor to three generations of American artists studying

His drawing cards were part of a national effort to teach drawing as a skill in the schools while also

'The American citizen; his true position, character, and duties' : by Theodore Sedgwick.

The Young American's magazine , (George W.

His drawing cards were part of a national effort to teach drawing as a skill in the schools while also

BLACKWOOD for June has been received from the American publishers, Leonard Scott &Co.

North, of this city, answers in the affirmative, in a pamphlet just published.

If we were disposed to be hypercritical, we should add, that this remark is too general to apply to the

exists that so early as that New York began to knock under to Virginia—submitting to vassalage as it were

Charter and Ordinances of the City of Brooklyn, issued by authority of the Common Council, Brooklyn:

We did not certainly, though we were somewhat astounded to find the little book adorned with anatomical

diagrams: but we cannot say that we were at all impressed with this symptom of the increased elevation

with no inconsiderable amount of nonsense mingled in their daily lives; but one form of nonsense they were

Unless the whole constitution of the world were altered our very existence depends upon our sensibility

foot while he was swimming with out his entertaining the slightest suspicion of the ravages which were

Without pain, this limit would be constantly exceeded, and epicures, experiencing no uneasy sensations

This of itself would be an accident of incessant occurrence if the monitor were wanting which makes us

When one looks at the hosts of our “city young men” who are prematurely faded by contact with day-book

its great work was accomplished; and the foundations on which our national liberty and prosperity were

then deliberately settled by the Statesmen to whom the American Revolution gave birth and on which they

It was fortunate that this motive existed, for the honor and reputation of the country were concerned

No other nation, it was true, had, at that time, abolished it, but here were the assembled States of

America engaged in framing a Constitution of Government that ought, if the American character was to

Evangelicals, and we expect the religious hebdomadals will find themselves occupied as briskly as the English were

These “scenes” were originally published in Blackwood’s Magazine, where they attracted much attention

Some of our readers may remember with what promptitude and ability the North American Review for 1843

Our people were then much more thin-skinned than they are at present, though we are altogether too sensitive

From the North American and Chancellor Kent down to a host of news paper writers, the organs of public

the condition of politics and prospects of the United States—in a word that the lesson taught by American

As the author has solicited that this portion of his work should be revised, the American editor of the

(Being an offical report to the Board of Alms-House Governors of the City of New York.) By Wm. W.

Again, it is proved that, in proportion, the system is far more costly than in any other city—the expense

less than $7,036,075—over seven millions—or nearly as much as the annual municipal expenditure of the City

assuming a more virulent form from the utter absence of any necessary measures on the part of the city

of New York, nor would it be an error to describe the Empire City as a hot-bed where from the nature

connection with the forthcoming Life of Frederick that the authors' authors author's critics and admirers were

The manners and customs of that Court were almost Spartan in their simplicity.

New Publications NEW PUBLICATIONS Appleton’s New American Cyclopœdia.

which the work has already obtained for thoroughness and adaptation to the wants of intelligent American

D., an American clergyman, born in Union Village, Washington County, N.

His religious views were originally affected powerfully by Dr.

Several copies of the list were made and distributed through the meeting, each person placing a mark

In a graver vein is "The American Tract Society."

In it will be found articles upon the trade of every maritime country and city in the world; copious

Fall of Rome has declared that it was not the barbarians who destroyed the buildings of the Eternal City

smoothed over, and in a generation are not to be discerned except by an increase of beauty in the city

find a large amount of valuable information condensed into a limited space, concerning the Central American

embnkment some twenty feet, when a neighbor, observing what had happened, came over to see how thing were

He was very stiff for about a week, and his chops were swelled so badly that he could not bray.

Robert Aris Willmott; with English and American additions arranged by Evert A.

Duyckinck, Editor of the “Cyclopedia of American Literature,” Illustrated with 132 Engravings, drawn

who has been favorably known by his “Cyclopedia”—perhaps, on the whole, the best compilation of American

and we can almost hear rising from them that, “Cry that shiver’d to the tingling stars And, as it were

State Governments, the writer’s idea being that we shall probably elect an Anti Slavery President in 1860

if Ireland was the only country where such vices or weaknesses prevailed, and especially as if we were

strange assimilation, of the mercurial temperament and the generosity of emotion of the Celtic population

Her sufferings were extreme, and she must have often thought of his sister Rebecca's exclamation under

to life, as the time approached she would at times speak of it calmly, though in reality her hopes were

They arrived toward eight o'clock, but they were not introduced for some times in the chamber, lest the

This the doctors said would be the last, and the members of the Consistory were summoned.

All present were moved by the tokens of heavenly grace Rachel had manifested.