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The manuscript is written on the blank side of an 1850s tax form from the City of Williamsburgh.

Fredson Bowers, have generally assumed that Whitman used the Williamsburgh tax forms from 1857 to 1860

The city of Williamsburgh was incorporated with Brooklyn effective January 1855, so the forms would have

been obsolete after that date (Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] [Chicago: University of

At least two of the tax forms Whitman used were dated 1854 (see, for instance, "Vast national tracts"

The manuscript is written on the blank side of an 1850s tax form from the City of Williamsburgh.

Fredson Bowers, have generally assumed that Whitman used the Williamsburgh tax forms from 1857 to 1860

The city of Williamsburgh was incorporated with Brooklyn effective January 1855, so the forms would have

been obsolete after that date (Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] [Chicago: University of

At least two of the tax forms Whitman used were dated 1854 (see, for instance, "Vast national tracts"

.— CWB M-XVIII This manuscript was probably written between 1856 and 1860, when Whitman was working on

This manuscript was probably written between 1856 and 1860, when Whitman was working on the poems for

Calamus 18. p 363 City of my walks and joys!

City whom that I have lived and sung there will one day make you illustrious!

little you h You city : what do y you repay me for my daily walks joys Not these your crowded rows of

On the back of this leaf is a draft of a poem published first in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass

City of my walks and joys

This manuscript is a draft of the poem first published in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass as number

18 in the "Calamus" cluster and ultimately entitled "City of Orgies."

manuscript was probably written in the late 1850s.; This is a draft of the poem first published in the 1860

edition of Leaves of Grass as number 18 in the "Calamus" cluster and ultimately entitled "City of Orgies

digital images of the original.; On the back of this leaf is a draft of a poem published first in the 1860

A City Walk: 2 V Just a list of all that is seen in a walk through the streets of Brooklyn & New York

The heading of this manuscript reads "A City Walk," which may be suggestive of the tentative title "City

and Joys," the name Whitman originally assigned to "Calamus" 18 in his "Blue Book" revisions of the 1860

This title was changed in the "Blue Book" to "City of orgies, walks and joys" and finally became "City

A City Walk

The heading of this manuscript reads "A City Walk," which may be suggestive of the tentative title "City

and Joys," the name Whitman originally assigned to "Calamus" 18 in his "Blue Book" revisions of the 1860

This title was changed in the "Blue Book" to "City of orgies, walks and joys" and finally became "City

assigned to "Calamus" 18 in his "Blue Book" revisions of the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass.

This title was changed in the "Blue Book" to "City of orgies, walks and joys" and finally became "City

.— These manuscript lines were probably written in the 1850s.

resemblance to ideas expressed in the opening lines of poem #14 of "Chants Democratic and Native American

," which first appeared in the 1860 Leaves of Grass.

These manuscript lines were probably written in the 1850s.

resemblance to ideas expressed in the opening lines of poem #14 of "Chants Democratic and Native American

," which first appeared in the 1860 Leaves of Grass.

to ideas expressed in the opening lines of section 14 of the poem "Chants Democratic and Native American

," which first appeared in the 1860 Leaves of Grass: "Not to-day is to justify me, and Democracy, and

.— This manuscript was probably written between 1850 and 1860.

lines are similar in subject to lines in the poem "To One Shortly to Die," first published in the 1860

Fragmentary lines written on the back of this manuscript leaf were used in the poem eventually titled

This manuscript was probably written between 1850 and 1860.

lines are similar in subject to lines in the poem "To One Shortly to Die," first published in the 1860

manuscript are similar in subject to lines in the poem "To One Shortly to Die," first published in the 1860

for instance, the line: "You are to die—Let others tell you what they please, I cannot prevaricate" (1860

from digital images of the original.; Fragmentary lines written on the back of this manuscript leaf were

of the bride to the husband Based on the handwriting, Edward Grier dates this manuscript to before 1860

Based on the handwriting, Edward Grier dates this manuscript to before 1860 (Notebooks and Unpublished

with trees— all prove beyond cavil the existence, ages since, in the Western World, of powerful, populous

Maurice Bucke's Notes and Fragments (1899), Edward Grier speculates that Whitman wrote this before 1860

Maurice Bucke's Notes and Fragments (1899), Edward Grier speculates that Whitman wrote this before 1860

springing from all trades and employments, and effusing them and from sailors and landsmen, and from the city

manuscript notes may also date to that period, although the draft lines on the reverse of the leaf, which were

manuscript notes may also date to that period, although the draft lines on the reverse of the leaf, which were

This manuscript was probably written between 1850 and 1860.

The lines were used in the poem "To One Shortly to Die," first published in the 1860 edition of Leaves

This manuscript was probably written between 1850 and 1860.

The lines were used in the poem "To One Shortly to Die," first published in the 1860 edition of Leaves

of Grass.; Lines from this manuscript were used in the poem "To One Shortly to Die," first published

in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass: "You are to die—Let others tell you what they please, I cannot

prevaricate, / I am exact and merciless, but I love you—There is no escape for you" (1860, p. 398).;

the first-person perspective in these draft lines, Emory Holloway has speculated that they likely were

The first several lines of "Pictures" (not including this line) were eventually revised and published

as "My Picture-Gallery" in The American in October 1880.

the first-person perspective in these draft lines, Emory Holloway has speculated that they likely were

The first several lines of "Pictures" (not including this line) were eventually revised and published

as "My Picture-Gallery" in The American in October 1880.

The first several lines of the poem (not including this line) were revised and published in The American

This manuscript is a draft of a poem published first in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass as number

On the back of this leaf is a draft of the poem "City of Orgies," first published in the 1860 edition

This manuscript is a draft of a poem published first in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass as number

It was likely written in the late 1850s.; This is a draft of a poem published first in the 1860 edition

Transcribed from digital images of the original.; On the back of this leaf is a draft of the poem "City

of Orgies," first published in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass as "Calamus" No. 18.

The first several lines of "Pictures" (not including these lines) were eventually revised and published

as "My Picture-Gallery" in The American in October 1880.

The first several lines of "Pictures" (not including these lines) were eventually revised and published

as "My Picture-Gallery" in The American in October 1880.

The first several lines of "Pictures" (not including this line) were revised and published as "My Picture-Gallery

" in The American in October 1880.

Review of Leaves of Grass (1860–61)

Emerson, and we looked over the volume of one who has been declared about 'to inaugurate a new era in American

those faultless monsters, whom the world ne'er saw, whose 'mission' it is to comfort the sable population

Sir Rohan's Ghost: A Romance (1860) was written by Harriet Elizabeth Prescott Spofford.

Review of Leaves of Grass (1860–61)

Sir Rohan's Ghost: A Romance (1860) was written by Harriet Elizabeth Prescott Spofford.

Boston December 5, 1860 Dear Father, We go by the board tomorrow or next day .

immediately, wind up & begin again.— Yours Truly T&E Thayer & Eldridge to Walt Whitman, 5 December 1860

was the Boston publishing firm responsible for the third edition of Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass (1860

Banks were distrustful. No one knew how the war would end.

All book firms were 'shaky.' . . .

Anti-slavery people were interested in keeping [Thayer and Eldridge] up, but they were forced to call

Boston December 1st, 1860 Dear Walt, Things look immensely dubious today.

Thayer & Eldridge to Walt Whitman, 1 December 1860

was the Boston publishing firm responsible for the third edition of Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass (1860

Whitman a check for his proposed volume of poetry The Banner At Day-Break; however, the firm's finances were

so precarious by the winter of 1860 that they cautioned Whitman not to cash it.

becomes a question how such a book can have acquired a vogue and popularity that could induce an American

will in reputation dearly pay for the fervid encomium with which he introduced the Author to the American

described by the following equation,—as Tupper is to English Humdrum, so is Walt Whitman to the American

Westminster Review 74 n.s. 18 (October 1860), 590. "Man is god to himself" Walt.

Westminster Review 74 n.s. 18 (October 1860), 590.; "Man is god to himself"

Boston Oct 15, 1860 Dear Walt, Your favor is at hand.

Yours Truly Thayer & Eldridge Thayer & Eldridge to Walt Whitman, 15 October 1860

was the Boston publishing firm responsible for the third edition of Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass (1860

Nature had given him a strong constitution, and his features were those of a dreamy sensualist.

to American persons, progresses, cities?—Chicago, Kanada, Arkansas?

Walt Whitman, an American, one of the roughs, a Kosmos, Disorderly, fleshy, sensual, eating, drinking

vulgar inditings of an uneducated man, free from any Old World philosophy, or Old World religion, were

Boston Oct 11, 1860 Dear Walt, We received your letters with the advertisement which will be attended

to come on Thayer & Eldridge just before the failure Thayer & Eldridge to Walt Whitman, 11 October 1860

Whitman had asked for an advance against future royalties but Thayer and Eldridge were unable to fulfill

and in England, a perfect specimen of choice typography,) came forth in Boston, the current year, 1860

Thus the book is a gospel of self-assertion and self-reliance for every American reader—which is the

becomes a question how such a book can have acquired a vogue and popularity that could induce an American

will in reputation dearly pay for the fervid encomium with which he introduced the Author to the American

described by the following equation,—as Tupper is to English Humdrum, so is Walt Whitman to the American

Boston: Thayer and Eldridge, year 85 of the States. 1860—61. London: Trübner and Co.

Review of Leaves of Grass (1860–61)

publication in the Liberator , please see Ezra Greenspan's article, "An Undocumented Review of the 1860

publication in the Liberator, please see Ezra Greenspan's article, "An Undocumented Review of the 1860

Review of Leaves of Grass (1860–61)

Walt Whitman to Thayer & Eldridge, August 1860

The date is apparently August, since on August 17, 1860, Thayer & Eldridge thanked Whitman for his advice

Clapp had suggested to Whitman on March 27, 1860, that he might get Thayer & Eldridge to "advance me

On May 14, 1860, Clapp was "in a state of despair . . . all for the want of a paltry two or three hundred

I felt such a wondrous geniality, that I enjoyed looking at your handwriting and imagined you were before

W.W.T Thayer & Eldridge (about taking Saturday Press) Thayer & Eldridge to Walt Whitman, 17 August 1860

and celebrity; over twenty items on Whitman appeared in the Press before the periodical folded in 1860

The Cincinnati Daily Press was a daily Ohio newspaper published by Henry Reed from 1860 to 1862 (formerly

Thayer and Eldridge refer to an August 1860 article in the Dial.

Thayer's allusion to "our 'fanatic'" in this August 1860 letter most likely refers to himself.

The lines Thayer cites (with the exception of one error) appear in the 1860 Leaves of Grass as "Calamus

those limbs were no longer pulseless and the eye returned my admiring gaze.

—My eyes were opened:—before me stood a nude figure!

and "tears of angels"— Yours Truly Wilhelmina Walton Wilhelmina Walton to Walt Whitman, 16 August 1860

states his character, and replies to this question in the following general terms: 'Walt Whitman, an American

pseudonym of Johann Paul Friedrich Richter) (1763-1825) was a German novelist and humorist, whose works were

pseudonym of Johann Paul Friedrich Richter) (1763-1825) was a German novelist and humorist, whose works were

Year 85 of the States. (1860–61.)

Here are the incomplete but real utterances of New York city, of the prairies, of the Ohio and Mississippi

,—the volume of American autographs.

Review of Leaves of Grass (1860–61)

Boston July 27, 1860 Dear Walt.

because when you make a difference in price people all at once see a difference in quality which they were

furnished with Leaves of Grass Yours Truly Thayer & Eldridge Thayer & Eldridge to Walt Whitman, 27 July 1860

was the Boston publishing firm responsible for the third edition of Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass (1860

For this July 7, 1860 article in the Saturday Review see "LEAVES OF GRASS."

The Saturday Review described the 1860 Leaves of Grass as "a book evidently intended to lie on the tables

For this July 7, 1860 article in the Literary Gazette, see "Leaves of Grass."

Thayer and Eldridge refer to a July 14, 1860 article in the Spectator. See "LEAVES OF GRASS."

inevitably united, and made one identity, Nativities, climates, the grass of the great Pastoral Plains, Cities

Leaves of Grass Boston: Thayer and Eldridge. 1860–61. pp.456.

Walt Whitman is sane enough to do the poetry for an American newspaper or two: from whose columns these

supposed to answer this question: All I mark as my own, you shall offset it with your own, Else it were

Presently he dissects his own individuality a little more closely: Walt Whitman, an American, one of

Review of Leaves of Grass (1860–61)

Of the few poets born in America, not one is distinctively American in his poetry; all are exotics, and

or making love like Diogenes coram populo—with his own lines for inscription:— "Walt Whitman, an American

of the unquenchable creed, namely, egotism," will not find it a very hard task to teach the young American

than they were, And that today is what it should be— and that America is, And that today and America

fellow Dutchman, Jan Matthys, along with other Anabaptists, briefly established a theocracy in the city

fellow Dutchman, Jan Matthys, along with other Anabaptists, briefly established a theocracy in the city

The Münster Rebellion ended when Protestant and Catholic armies took over the city; van Leiden was executed

Boston, Thayer & Eldridge. 1860 Washington, Philp & Solomons.

and the opening words of his critique on the latter were graduated to a point no finer than to say, "

If the Aristarch of "Scotch Reviewers" were still in the flesh, and felt called, in the spirit of the

It were no great wonder, after the success of Walt Whitman, if many persons who have never talked any

Review of Leaves of Grass (1860–61)

Hartford, July 11th, 1860. Know Walt Whitman that I am a woman! I am not beautiful, but I love you!

Susan Garnet Smith Hartford, Connecticut Susan Garnet Smith to Walt Whitman, 11 July 1860

Leaves of Grass (Boston: Thayer and Eldridge, year 85 of the States—1860–61. London: Trübner.)

On that occasion we were spared the trouble of setting forth the new poet's merits, as he or his publisher

was good enough to paste into his presentation-copy a number of criticisms from American periodicals

We are almost ashamed to ask the question—but do American ladies read Mr. Whitman?

A sort of catalogue of scenes of American life, which, according to Mr.

London: Trübner and Co. 1860.

Review of Leaves of Grass (1860–61)

Among American authors there is one named Walt Whitman, who, in 1855, first issued a small quarto volume

city, and brought up in Brooklyn and in New York.

They are certainly filled with an American spirit, breathe the American air, and assert the fullest American

Year 85 of the States (1860—61). London: Trübner & Co.

cantos were published in 1773.

The first three cantos of his epic poem, The Messiah (Der Messias), were published in 1749; the final

cantos were published in 1773.

Revised as "A Broadway Pageant (Reception Japanese Embassy, June 16, 1860)" in Drum-Taps (1865) and reprinted

Malden, June 25th, 1860. O rare Walt Whitman!

James Redpath to Walt Whitman, 25 June 1860

John Brown (Boston: Thayer and Eldridge, 1860), a correspondent for the New York Tribune during the war

, the originator of the "Lyceum" lectures, and editor of the North American Review in 1886.

He met Whitman in Boston in 1860 (Thomas Biggs Harned Collection of Walt Whitman, The Library of Congress

It is like the sound of the wind or the sea, a fitting measure for the first distinctive American bard

who speaks for our large-scaled nature, for the red men who are gone, for our vigorous young population

careless or hap-hazard, anymore than Niagara, the Mississippi, the prairies, or the great Western cities

[From the Philadelphia City Item] WALT WHITMAN. BY HENRY P. LELAND.

Those old-world conquerors, the Romans, carried just such tools, and Americans of all nations now extant

raftsmen, and farmers and red-cheeked matrons, and omnibus-drivers and mechanics; and for all true Americans

Malaga, Spain, was once a major Moorish city and port, famed for its figs and wine.

In 1487 the city fell to Isabella and Ferdinand, the Christian conquerors.

Malaga, Spain, was once a major Moorish city and port, famed for its figs and wine.

In 1487 the city fell to Isabella and Ferdinand, the Christian conquerors.; Quevredo is a misspelling

Recently the writer has appeared in a large volume, (published in the puritanical and transcendental city

generation had its own Messiah, that he was the Messiah of his time, and that he and his followers were

Thus they were free to form relationships as they pleased. Heber C.

generation had its own Messiah, that he was the Messiah of his time, and that he and his followers were

Thus they were free to form relationships as they pleased.; Heber C.

Boston June 14, 1860 Dear Walt, Your favor came duly to hand.

As soon as cooler weather comes and people are crowding the great cities we intend to advertise largely

shall shortly come out with an advertisement to touch the pleasure travellers in all the principal cities

— Meanwhile the Papers are noticing it pretty well—the Scottish American has a very fair notice, and

Yours Truly Thayer & Eldridge Thayer & Eldridge to Walt Whitman, 14 June 1860

was the Boston publishing firm responsible for the third edition of Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass (1860

twenty items on Whitman appeared in the Press before the periodical folded (for the first time) in 1860

For the 1860 Leaves of Grass Whitman abandoned the green binding used for the 1855 and 1856 editions.

was a free, sixty-four-page promotional pamphlet published by Thayer and Eldridge to advertise the 1860

See Thayer and Eldridge to Walt Whitman, June 27, 1860.

Walt Whitman to Henry Clapp, Jr., 12 June 1860

Leland, which had appeared earlier in the Philadelphia City Item: a poem entitled "Enfans de Soixante-Seize

Leland (1828-68) was the author of Grey-Bay Mare, and Other Humorous American Sketches (Philadelphia:

Look at Walter Whitman, the American philosopher who is centuries ahead of his contemporaries, who, in

See editorial note 6 for the following review A New American Poem .

William Seward, Charles Sumner, and Elijah Parish Lovejoy, were all famous anti-slavery advocates.

See editorial note 6 for the following review A New American Poem.

crowd including Whitman (Lesser 60– 63).; William Seward, Charles Sumner, and Elijah Parish Lovejoy, were