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The past and present were represented here.

On the tablets were the names of nineteen ministers, in regular succession; but there were others now

The aborigines here were soon subdued by Capt.

The houses were one story, of logs, covered with thatch.

Reminiscences were given by Elder Dr.

However, a notebook from the late 1850s or early 1860s (loc.00348) contains extensive notes in Whitman's

hand about the Jamaica Presbyterian bicentennial that were used in this article.

Some stones from this building were used in the foundation of its replacement, which was dedicated on

of Temperance organization and a deacon in the Presbyterian Church.; Several more detailed accounts were

His translations of the New Testament and the Old Testament were issued in 1661 and 1663, respectively

yound young man who used to linger around Thayer & Eldridges Publishing office Boston in the spring of 1860

Many were wounded frightfully, and several killed in the melee.

In the morning the hatchways were thrown open, and we were allowed to ascend all at once, and remain

Let our disease be what it would, we were abandoned to our fate.

There were thirteen of the crew to which I belonged, but in a short time, all but three or four were

martyrs were mostly buried.

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

British General William Howe defeated American General George Washington.

Despite their defeat, the American troops' subsequent escape from Long Island without being attacked

Some eleven thousand American prisoners are thought to have died onboard.

The Society played an active role in New York City politics until it was disbanded in the 1960s.; John

Some of the information and phrases contained in this manuscript were included in the thirteenth installment

Emory Holloway (Garden City, N.Y., Toronto: Doubleday, Page and Company, 1921).

fairly neat and on the verso on the fourth leaf Whitman has written "Proofs," indicating that these were

appeared in Our Wounded and Sick Soldiers, published in the New York Times on 11 December 1864, and were

Apollo Summer Garden," which Whitman wrote about in a New York Leader column of 19 April 1862 entitled City

images 84 and 86) contain notes that constitute a draft of a portion of the seventh installment of the City

Surfaces 67 and 69 (images 66 and 68) are early drafts of The City Dead-House, a poem that first appeared

Hannah Brush born Oct. 6 1753 Married, April 22, 1775 died Jan. 6, 1834 The Whitman and Brush families were

Josiah Smith's Regiment of the American Patriot Army of 1776 under chief command of Washington, See 1st

Convention.— The L.I. regiment were hemmed in the lines over We moved to Brooklyn, (Front st.) in May

May 1st 1825.— (Covert, the villain " Across the way, (Van Dyke's) were there 4th July 1826 " Adams st

Were there the first one of cholera summers.

The various dates referenced suggest that the earliest portions of it were written sometime after 1845

earliest date for the writing on the verso is likely March 1853, when the two Cumberland Street houses were

The principal settlements were at Flatbush and according to tradition, the locality toward the shore

Besides their canoes, of which some were large and of elegant workmanship, and their bows and arrows,

almost the only manufactures among them were stone hatchets, and rude vessels of earth, hardened in

The produce of the settlements of the New Netherlands, and of the station at Albany, were principally

The name given to our city in old times spells in different modes.

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

, that the way he used to paint his pictures was in the following manner: A position and direction were

Sandses, Joshua Sands and his brother Comfort Sands were wealthy landowners in Brooklyn in the early

Titus Titus was probably Abiel Titus, whose barn and slaughterhouse were located on Front Street.

houses in the depth of winter, with driving carts, sleighs, travelers, ladies, gossips, negroes (there were

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

His residence was situated on Front Street.; Joshua Sands and his brother Comfort Sands were wealthy

John) Garrison was a Brooklyn butcher.; Titus was probably Abiel Titus, whose barn and slaughterhouse were

department—has for some time been working in the provision store—was yesterday told that "his services were

Graham (1824–1889) was constructing engineer of the Brooklyn navy yard; the dry-dock and landing-ways were

the Brooklyn navy yard from 1859 to 1861" (Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans

James Russell Lowell had been the editor at the Atlantic Monthly when Whitman published there in 1860

Then the elections of those days were sometimes held here.

John Russell Bartlett's Dictionary of Americanisms , 2nd ed.

The same offices were apt to be filled with the same persons again and again, year after year.

Here, from the earliest times, were "the polls" for election.

hand that were used in this article, including the piece's full title and sub-title.

However, two leaves in a notebook from the late 1850s or early 1860s (loc.05080) contain notes in Whitman's

hand that were used in this article, including the piece's full title and sub-title.; The Military Garden

; Old Colonel Green opened the Military Garden in 1810.; John Russell Bartlett's Dictionary of Americanisms

credit problems and eventual foreclosure.; The Marquis de Lafayette, a Frenchman who fought in the American

Reynolds, Walt Whitman's America (New York: Knopf, 1995), 37–39.; Before Brooklyn obtained a city charter

James Russell Lowell had been the editor at the Atlantic Monthly when Whitman published there in 1860

Our colors were first planted on the works, but some of the other regts were in almost as soon as we

were concealed, lay there until just about dusk, when we were ordered down to the edge of the wood were

As soon as our regt arrived on the ground we were ordered into a thick peice of woods were the enemy

told we were to stay here, but on the evening of April 2d we were ordered to be ready to march early

We arrested quite a number of citazens, who were noted secessionists,  all those that [were] willing

of an unalterable determination on the other" (Manuscripts of Walt Whitman in the Collection of American

On the fall of that stronghold they were pushed off under Sherman as part of a small army toward Jackson

Norton, 1973) and Ted Genoways, Walt Whitman and the Civil War: America's Poet During the Lost Years of 1860

She goes down in the cars to the baths, in Willoughby street near the City Hall.

The place were where we were first was a hill without a tree or any sort of shade. we are now there are

When we first came here our camp was fired into for three or four nights in succession  there were four

I and half a dozen others were sent out to scout about and see what we could find  we took our pistols

We went out in the city  the chap that gave us the information shewed us the house and we went in and

This city is a regular secession place  as we walk through the streets in the city the Women and children

When the city was placed under martial law by General Butler, Kane resisted the order to surrender the

city's arms and was arrested for protecting contraband traffic in arms and for being the head of a police

Massachusetts was attacked by angry crowds in Baltimore as the troops attempted to pass through the city

Four of its number were killed and many others wounded.

these histories of Brooklyn after the firing on Fort Sumter in 1861 and contends that the articles were

See Genoways, Walt Whitman and the Civil War: America's Poet during the Lost Years of 1860–1862 (Berkeley

The principal settlements were at Flatbush, and, according to tradition, the locality toward the shore

Besides their canoes, of which some were large and of elegant workmanship, and their bows and arrows,

furs, peltries, &c., with which the West India Company's return ships were freighted.

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

these histories of Brooklyn after the firing on Fort Sumter in 1861 and contends that the articles were

See Genoways, Walt Whitman and the Civil War: America's Poet during the Lost Years of 1860–1862 (Berkeley

In 1613 there were four houses on Manhattan island, occupied by Europeans—these were down towards where

Emory Holloway, (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1921), 2:228.

The first serious attempts at planting a settlement here were in 1618.

These emigrants consisted mostly of Walloons, as they were called.

Romantic stories were told in early times about these same Rapljes Rapeljes .

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

these histories of Brooklyn after the firing on Fort Sumter in 1861 and contends that the articles were

See Genoways, Walt Whitman and the Civil War: America's Poet during the Lost Years of 1860–1862 (Berkeley

Emory Holloway, (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1921), 2:228.; "Wallabout" is a mutation

these histories of Brooklyn after the firing on Fort Sumter in 1861 and contends that the articles were

At the very earliest, schools and churches were established.

The original Dutch, it ought to be known, were among the most learned nations of Europe.

The universities of Holland were among the best.

Libraries were well stocked—and the invention of printing was really discovered there.

Magazine (September 17, 1916) and then in The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman (Garden City

these histories of Brooklyn after the firing on Fort Sumter in 1861 and contends that the articles were

See Genoways, Walt Whitman and the Civil War: America's Poet during the Lost Years of 1860–1862 (Berkeley

These plates were included in a lot of plates sometime ago mortgaged to Isaac Tower for money we raised

Eldridge, the Boston publishing firm responsible for the third edition of Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass (1860

See Thayer and Eldridge's letter from December 5, 1860.

Jewell and Kendall were collecting for Thayer and Eldridge's debtors.

was a Boston publishing firm responsible for the third edition of Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass (1860

The sternest enemy of the American philosopher and of the great fog-bank school to which he, in some

These dreary pieces of laboured humour are not as popular now as they were twenty years ago, but Walt

J OHN H OLLINGSHEAD . ∗ Leaves of Grass Boston (U.S.): Thayer and Eldridge. 1860–61. J. T. S.

These are slightly misquoted lines from the 1860 , pp. 46-47.

.; These are slightly misquoted lines from the 1860 Leaves of Grass, pp. 46-47.

First O Songs for a Prelude, particularly "in its theme of the arousing of the energies of the great city—and

.— It was a part of architecture—the temple was not stood unfinished without statues, and so they were

built made with reference to the temple—they were not made abstractly by themselves.— give a similar

1 Slavery—the Slaveholders—The Constitution—the true America and Americans, the laboring persons.— The

meanest of lies liars is the American aristocratic liar who with his palter s ing and stutter over denial

meanings purports intentions allotments and foundations requirements of the Bargain called it of the American

— 13 Well what is this American Republic for?

—In Massachusetts too were very intolerant religious tests.

References to the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 indicate that parts of this manuscript were likely written

characteristic Whitman fashion, from fragments large and small, with several discontinuities" which were

doubtless the case The The most immense share part of a A ncient History is altogether unknown ,— There were

Powerful, busy, and populous, and powerful nations, existed, on all the continents of the earth, at

busy populous and powerful nations on all the continents of the earth ; and doubtless for the certain

surely empires, cities cities, states pastoral tribes and uncivilized hordes upon the earth.

— 189 the feeling of war and war and justice and who were witty and wise, —and who were brutish and undeveloped—and

includes ideas and phrases that resemble those used in "Unnamed Lands," a poem published first in the 1860

The manuscript was therefore probably written between 1855 and 1860, and at one time likely formed part

See, for instance, the lines: "What vast-built cities—What orderly republics—What pastoral tribes and

phrenology, / What of liberty and slavery among them—What they thought of death and the Soul, / Who were

, / Some prowling through woods—Some living peaceably on farms, laboring, reaping, filling barns" (1860

think it would be best not at all to bother with arguments against the foreign models, or to help American

models—but just go on supplying American models Not to blaat constantly for Native American models,

—The best way to promulge Native American models and literature, is to supply such forcible and s p u

A line from this manuscript appears in "Poem of Joys," first published in the 1860 edition of Leaves

A line from this manuscript appears in "Poem of Joys," first published in the 1860 edition of Leaves

of Leaves of Grass.; A line from this manuscript appears in "Poem of Joys," first published in the 1860

edition of Leaves of Grass: "No fumes—no ennui—no more complaints or scornful criticisms" (1860, p.

Edward Grier notes that the handwriting of this manuscript "suggests an early date, possibly before 1860

Edward Grier notes that the handwriting of this manuscript "suggests an early date, possibly before 1860

To t T he States, or any one of them, or any city of The States, Resist much , Obey little, Once unquestioning

obedience, once fully enslaved, Once fully enslaved, no nation, race, city, of this earth, ever afterward

"Walt Whitman's Caution" was first published as one of the "Messenger Leaves" in the 1860 edition of

manuscript was likely composed in the years immediately preceding the poem's first publication in 1860

"Walt Whitman's Caution" was first published as one of the "Messenger Leaves" in the 1860 edition of

manuscript was likely composed in the years immediately preceding the poem's first publication in 1860

.; "Walt Whitman's Caution" was first published as one of the "Messenger Leaves" in the 1860 edition

City Lunch N.Y.

Express, Oct. 21, 1856 "But for the American party, the Northern, sectional, geographical party of Wm

poem of the 1860–1861 edition of Leaves of Grass.

To you endless an To you, these, to report nature, man, politics, from an American point of view.

Lo, interminable intersecting streets in cities, full of living people, coming and going!

(See Bowers, Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] A Parallel Text [Chicago: The University of

It is of course possible, however, that parts of the notebook were inscribed before and/or after the

Much of the notebook is devoted to draft material for the 1860 poem eventually titled "Starting from

brief passage (on the verso of leaf 25) seems clearly to have contributed to "Song at Sunset," another 1860

It is unclear which pages were inscribed first; furthermore, several of the leaves have become detached

I know a rich capitalist who, out of his wealth, built a marble church, the most splendid in the city

intended to scare away unrest The genuine m M an is not, as would have him, like one of a block of city

" in The American in October 1880.

–1861 , later called "Our Old Feuillage": "Encircling all, vast-darting up and wide, the American Soul

See Holloway, "A Whitman Manuscript," American Mercury 3 (December 1924), 475–480.

See Holloway, "A Whitman Manuscript," American Mercury 3 (December 1924), 475–480.

One passage seems to have contributed to the 1860–1861 poem that Whitman later titled "Our Old Feuillage

Note Book Walt Whitman The notes describing "the first after Osiris" were likely derived from information

—What real Americans can be made out of slaves?

What real Americans can be made out of the masters of slaves?

The questions are such as these Has his life shown the true American character?

first printed in the second (1856) and third (1860–1861) editions.

edition of Leaves of Grass but that the notebook also contains material clearly related to things that were

first printed in the second (1856) and third (1860–1861) editions.

Whitman revised the text on leaf 23 verso to include a rather long passage that exceeded the space available

John & Mary) had 8 daughters and two sons—the men father & sons all followed the water—were expert sailors—Capt

or special permits for any business, whatever. no matter what. tr down ( —Whatever The control the City

Whitman or a collector bound together the items, which are on different sizes and types of paper and were

Whitman or a collector bound together the items, which are on different sizes and types of paper and were

herself; Of Equality—As if it harmed me, giving others the same chances and rights as myself— As if it were

This manuscript was probably composed in the late 1850s or in 1860 as Whitman was preparing the 1860

It is a draft of No. 4 of the "Thoughts" cluster published first in the 1860 edition.

ownership);" the second line was published as "Thought (Of Equality);" and the third and fourth lines were

This manuscript was probably composed in the late 1850s or in 1860 as Whitman was preparing the 1860

It is a draft of No. 4 of the "Thoughts" cluster published first in the 1860 edition.

ownership);" the second line was published as "Thought (Of Equality);" and the third and fourth lines were

"; This manuscript is a draft of No. 4 of the "Thoughts" cluster published first in the 1860 edition

"; The third and fourth lines of this draft were published as "Thought (Of Justice).

This estimate is in line with that of Edward Grier, who dates the manuscript to before 1860, based on

This estimate is in line with that of Edward Grier, who dates the manuscript to before 1860, based on

tuition, or amusements, can much longer permanently elude the jealous and passionate instinct of American

Fredson Bowers, have generally assumed that Whitman used the Williamsburgh tax forms from 1857 to 1860

The city of Williamsburgh was incorporated with Brooklyn effective January 1855, so the forms would have

been obsolete after that date (Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] [Chicago: University of

At least two of the tax forms Whitman used were dated 1854 (see, for instance, "Vast national tracts"

or amusements or the costumes of young men, can long elude the jealous and passionate instinct of American

Fredson Bowers, have generally assumed that Whitman used the Williamsburgh tax forms from 1857 to 1860

The city of Williamsburgh was incorporated with Brooklyn effective January 1855, so the forms would have

been obsolete after that date (Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] [Chicago: University of

At least two of the tax forms Whitman used were dated 1854 (see, for instance, "Vast national tracts"

of the Mississippi, scarcely any thing exists The first manuscript leaf is written on the back of a City

Fredson Bowers, have generally assumed that Whitman used the Williamsburgh tax forms from 1857 to 1860

The city of Williamsburgh was incorporated with Brooklyn effective January 1855, so the forms would have

been obsolete after that date (Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] [Chicago: University of

difficult to date conclusively, but it was almost certainly written after 1854 and probably before 1860

The first manuscript leaf is written on the back of a City of Williamsburgh tax form, filled out and

Fredson Bowers, have generally assumed that Whitman used the Williamsburgh tax forms from 1857 to 1860

The city of Williamsburgh was incorporated with Brooklyn effective January 1855, so the forms would have

been obsolete after that date (Whitman's Manuscripts: Leaves of Grass [1860] [Chicago: University of

difficult to date conclusively, but it was almost certainly written after 1854 and probably before 1860

It seems he also considered giving that title to the cluster of poems in the 1860 edition that was eventually

of the Poet's Manuscripts, vol. 1, part 2, Garland Publishing, 1993; Primary Source Media's Major American

It seems he also considered giving that title to the cluster of poems in the 1860 edition that was eventually

of the Poet's Manuscripts, vol. 1, part 2, Garland Publishing, 1993; Primary Source Media's Major American

from their meanings—sometimes a great mistake is perpetuated in a word, (as the term calling the American

The last two phrases of this manuscript appeared in "Poem of Joys" in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass

speculate on the circumstances or date of its composition, but it was probably written between 1850 and 1860

The last two phrases of this manuscript appeared in "Poem of Joys" in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass

speculate on the circumstances or date of its composition, but it was probably written between 1850 and 1860

.; The last two phrases of this manuscript were used in the "Poem of Joys," first published in the 1860

cold—as the soiledness of animals and the bareness of vegetables and minerals No more than these th were

possibility that Whitman drafted this manuscript in the early 1850s, as he was composing the poems that were

possibility that Whitman drafted this manuscript in the early 1850s, as he was composing the poems that were

rivers, forests , —all are Not distant caverns, volcanoes, cataracts, curious islands, birds, foreign cities

dreams, Nothing happens, or ever has happened, or ever can happen, but the vital laws are enough, None were

or will be hurried—none were or will be retarded; A vast clear scheme—each learner learning it for himself

true owner of the library Edward Grier suggests that this manuscript was probably written prior to 1860

sentiment between it and the initial line of No. 4 of the "Thoughts" cluster published first in the 1860

similar manuscripts that are numbered sequentially and probably date from around or before 1855: see "American

Edward Grier suggests that this manuscript was probably written prior to 1860, noting some similarities

sentiment between it and the initial line of No. 4 of the "Thoughts" cluster published first in the 1860

similar manuscripts that are numbered sequentially and probably date from around or before 1855: see "American

manuscript are similar to the initial line of No. 4 of the "Thoughts" cluster published first in the 1860

to own things could not at pleasure enter upon all, and incorporate them into himself or herself" (1860

visit to Egypt," two sets of manuscript notes about Egypt that Edward Grier dates to between 1855 and 1860

visit to Egypt," two sets of manuscript notes about Egypt that Edward Grier dates to between 1855 and 1860